VOLUME I Report

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 1

C-EARTH Pvt Ltd, Cochin-16



Contents
THE UNDERTAKING FURNISHED BY THE CORPORATION.............................................................. 13
CERTIFICATE ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter-1. CHECKLISTS ............................................................................................................... 19
1.1 Checklist of documents/information available in the DPR of RAY ........................... 19
1.2 Administrative & Technical checklist for DPR of RAY ................................................... 21
Chapter-2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 31
2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 31
Chapter-3. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 41
3.1 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) ................................................................................................... 41
3.2 A Brief of Fort Kochi ............................................................................................................ 41
3.2.1 History ........................................................................................................................ 42
3.2.2 Tourist Attraction ...................................................................................................... 42
3.2.3 Slum profile of Kochi ............................................................................................... 43
3.3 RAY program in Thuruthy ................................................................................................... 44
3.3.1 Thuruthy – Location ................................................................................................. 45
3.3.2 Thuruthy – Demography ........................................................................................ 49
3.3.3 Nodal and Implementation Agency .................................................................. 52
3.3.4 Beneficiary Contribution ........................................................................................ 53
Chapter-4. SALIENT FEATURES OF SFCPoA ............................................................................... 57
4.1 Slum-Free City Plan of Action ........................................................................................... 57
4.2 Criteria for Slum Selection ................................................................................................. 57
4.3 Selection of slums in the project area based on GoK norms .................................... 58
Chapter-5. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 63
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Topography, Soil & Climate .............................................................................................. 64
5.3 Demographic Profile .......................................................................................................... 65
5.4 Socio-economic profile ..................................................................................................... 68
5.5 Infrastructure Profile............................................................................................................ 69
5.5.1 Housing and Layout ................................................................................................ 69
5.5.2 Accessibility and Road Network .......................................................................... 71
5.5.3 Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 72

5.5.4 Drainage and Waste Management ................................................................... 73
5.5.5 Educational Facilities .............................................................................................. 75
5.5.6 Health Facilities ........................................................................................................ 79
5.5.7 Community and Social Infrastructure ................................................................. 82
5.6 Justification of the Project ................................................................................................ 85
Chapter-6. PROJECT CONCEPT & SCOPE ............................................................................... 89
6.1 Concept ............................................................................................................................... 89
6.1.1 Advantages: ............................................................................................................ 89
6.1.2 Disadvantages:........................................................................................................ 90
6.2 Assessment & Design ......................................................................................................... 91
6.2.1 Comprehensive Redevelopment ........................................................................ 91
6.2.2 Connectivity – Bridges & Roads ........................................................................... 92
6.2.3 Sanitation .................................................................................................................. 92
6.2.4 High-rise Buildings – for landless beneficiaries ................................................... 93
6.2.5 Livelihood facilities that suit the social conditions ............................................ 93
6.2.6 Meeting O&M costs using livelihood facilities ................................................... 94
6.3 Scope of the Project .......................................................................................................... 95
6.4 Approach and Methodology .......................................................................................... 96
6.4.1 Survey ........................................................................................................................ 96
6.4.2 Data Entry, Compilation & Analysis ..................................................................... 96
6.4.3 Land Mapping ......................................................................................................... 96
6.4.4 Integration of Data & Formulation of Plan ......................................................... 97
6.5 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 98
6.5.1 Conducting the Survey .......................................................................................... 98
6.5.2 Consent of Beneficiaries ........................................................................................ 98
6.5.3 Unsuitable Physical Conditions ............................................................................. 99
6.5.4 Land acquisition ...................................................................................................... 99
Chapter-7. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND PLANNING ..................................................... 103
7.1 Slum Survey ........................................................................................................................ 103
7.1.1 Socio- Economic survey & Livelihood Survey .................................................. 103
7.1.2 Physical Survey....................................................................................................... 115
7.1.3 Validation of data by competent authority .................................................... 121
7.1.4 Beneficiaries identification through UIDAI ........................................................ 121

7.2 Community Participation ................................................................................................ 122
7.2.1 Focus Group Discussions ...................................................................................... 122
7.2.2 Beneficiaries’ Consent ......................................................................................... 125
7.2.3 Community Involvement ..................................................................................... 126
7.2.4 Beneficiaries’ Contribution & Mobilization ....................................................... 128
7.3 Provision of Housing.......................................................................................................... 134
7.3.1 Planning and Design of Buildings ....................................................................... 134
7.3.2 Disaster Management and Mitigation Strategies ........................................... 155
7.3.3 Adoption of Green technology ......................................................................... 155
7.4 Provision of Community Facilities................................................................................... 156
7.4.1 Anganwadi and Library ....................................................................................... 156
7.4.2 Livelihood Components ....................................................................................... 159
7.5 Provision of Urban Infrastructure .................................................................................... 167
7.5.1 Roads, Pavements & Bridges .............................................................................. 167
7.5.2 Drainage ................................................................................................................. 169
7.5.3 Water Supply .......................................................................................................... 171
7.5.4 Sanitation & Waste Management ..................................................................... 177
7.5.5 Fire Fighting System ............................................................................................... 180
Chapter-8. Statutory Approvals .............................................................................................. 183
Chapter-9. Project Implementation & Management Framework ................................... 187
9.1 Institutional Capacity ....................................................................................................... 187
9.2 Institutional framework .................................................................................................... 188
9.3 Implementation Schedule .............................................................................................. 189
9.4 Quarterly Investment Schedule ..................................................................................... 189
9.5 Project Management Set-up ......................................................................................... 189
9.6 Monitoring Mechanism.................................................................................................... 192
9.7 Quality Control & Quality Assurance Plan ................................................................... 192
Chapter-10. Consultants......................................................................................................... 195
Chapter-11. Annexure ............................................................................................................ 199


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: BPL and non-BPL population of Kochi (CDP Kochi, 2006) ........................................ 43
Figure 2: Location of the project area ......................................................................................... 45
Figure 3: Google map of the project area ................................................................................. 46
Figure 4: Thuruthy - location and connectivity ........................................................................... 48
Figure 5: Project Area ...................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 6: Distribution of RAY and non-RAY population ............................................................. 50
Figure 7: Map of the project area ................................................................................................ 63
Figure 8: View of the canal ............................................................................................................ 64
Figure 9: Population figures (Census 2011, Household surveys) .............................................. 65
Figure 10: Sex Ratio (Census 2011, Household surveys) ............................................................ 65
Figure 11: Male – Female Population Percentage .................................................................... 66
Figure 12: Literacy Rate (Census 2011, Household surveys) ..................................................... 66
Figure 13: Snapshots from the slums ............................................................................................. 68
Figure 14: Inaccessible houses ....................................................................................................... 69
Figure 15: Most of the houses are in a very bad state, both structurally and spatially ...... 69
Figure 16: Distribution of types of houses ..................................................................................... 70
Figure 17: Distribution of households in each slum .................................................................... 70
Figure 18: Images of existing overbridge ..................................................................................... 71
Figure 19: Status of Roads ............................................................................................................... 71
Figure 20 : Different sources of water in the cluster ................................................................... 72
Figure 21: Frequency of water distribution in different areas of the cluster ......................... 73
Figure 22 : Sewage directly discharged to the canal .............................................................. 73
Figure 23 : Toilet facilities of the cluster ........................................................................................ 74
Figure 24 : Some of the public toilets within the cluster ............................................................ 74
Figure 25 : An Anganwadi by the side of the canal ................................................................. 75
Figure 26: Govt. Lower Primary School, Kalvathy ....................................................................... 76
Figure 27: Inside the classrooms .................................................................................................... 77
Figure 28 : High School building .................................................................................................... 78
Figure 29 : The toilets and wash facilities in a state of disrepair .............................................. 78
Figure 30 : Hospital compound ..................................................................................................... 79
Figure 31: Casualty Ward Figure 32 : General Ward .......................................................... 79
Figure 33 : Inside the children's clinic............................................................................................ 80

Figure 34: The old age care centre .............................................................................................. 80
Figure 35: The Health Inspector’s office adjacent to the Taluk Hospital ............................... 81
Figure 36 : Community hall ............................................................................................................. 82
Figure 37: Interiors of the community hall .................................................................................... 82
Figure 38 : Outdoor area of the community hall ....................................................................... 83
Figure 39 : Mehboob Park .............................................................................................................. 83
Figure 40 : The Janamaithri Police Station in Konchery ............................................................ 84
Figure 41 : Market ............................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 42 : A RAY participant holding her name board ........................................................... 91
Figure 43: Location of the proposed bridges ............................................................................. 92
Figure 44: Location of the proposed G+11 apartments for the landless .............................. 93
Figure 45: Location of the proposed livelihood support centres ............................................ 94
Figure 46 : Proposed housing type................................................................................................ 95
Figure 47 : Interaction with the RAY participants ....................................................................... 97
Figure 48: An aerial view of the area ......................................................................................... 103
Figure 49: Primary Occupation .................................................................................................... 104
Figure 50: Duration of work ........................................................................................................... 104
Figure 51: Employment Status ...................................................................................................... 105
Figure 52 : Monthly Wages ........................................................................................................... 105
Figure 53 : Distance to place of work ........................................................................................ 106
Figure 54 : Working Population .................................................................................................... 106
Figure 55 : Age of working members.......................................................................................... 107
Figure 56: Occupation-wise details ............................................................................................ 107
Figure 57 : Existing features ........................................................................................................... 109
Figure 58 : Proposed Housing components .............................................................................. 111
Figure 59 : Proposed Infrastructure components ..................................................................... 113
Figure 60 : Slum wise distribution of houses ............................................................................... 115
Figure 61 : Physical condition of houses .................................................................................... 116
Figure 62: Roof types of houses ................................................................................................... 116
Figure 63: Status of Roads ............................................................................................................. 117
Figure 64: Different sources of water in the cluster .................................................................. 118
Figure 65: Frequency of water distribution in different areas of the cluster ....................... 118
Figure 66 : Public Toilets ................................................................................................................. 120

Figure 67: Toilet Facilities of the Cluster ...................................................................................... 120
Figure 68: During one of the community meeting sessions .................................................... 122
Figure 69 : During cluster development meeting .................................................................... 123
Figure 70: Cluster Development Committee ............................................................................ 124
Figure 71 : community interaction .............................................................................................. 125
Figure 72 : Community interaction.............................................................................................. 125
Figure 73 : A RAY beneficiary ....................................................................................................... 126
Figure 74: Cluster level meetings ................................................................................................. 127
Figure 75: A model layout representing some of the proposed components .................. 134
Figure 76: View of individual housing unit.................................................................................. 135
Figure 77: Individual Housing - Unit Details ................................................................................ 136
Figure 78: Individual House – Elevation ...................................................................................... 137
Figure 79: Individual House – Section ......................................................................................... 137
Figure 80: A view of the proposed duplex row housing ......................................................... 138
Figure 81: Row Housing – Ground Floor Plan............................................................................. 139
Figure 82: Row Housing - First Floor Plan ..................................................................................... 139
Figure 83: Row Housing - Elevation ............................................................................................. 140
Figure 84: Row Housing - Section ................................................................................................ 140
Figure 85: Row Housing – Unit Details ......................................................................................... 141
Figure 86: A view of the G+2 multi-family housing unit ........................................................... 142
Figure 87: G+2 - Typical Floor Plan .............................................................................................. 143
Figure 88: G+11 twin housing units – model .............................................................................. 145
Figure 89: G+11 units - Top View .................................................................................................. 146
Figure 90: Ground Floor - Plan & Area ........................................................................................ 148
Figure 91: First Floor - Plan & Area ............................................................................................... 149
Figure 92: Typical Floor - Plan & Area ......................................................................................... 150
Figure 93: Eleventh Floor (livelihood space) - Plan & Area .................................................... 151
Figure 94: Terrace – Plan ............................................................................................................... 152
Figure 95: G+11 - Elevation ........................................................................................................... 153
Figure 96: Furniture Layout - areas & dimensions ..................................................................... 154
Figure 97: View of the Anganwadi-cum-Library ...................................................................... 156
Figure 98: Plan – Ground Floor & First Floor ................................................................................ 157
Figure 99: Anganwadi & Library - Elevation .............................................................................. 158

Figure 100: Anganwadi & Library - Section ............................................................................... 158
Figure 101: A proposed idea for landscaping at the empty ground .................................. 164
Figure 102: A model of the proposed bridge ........................................................................... 167
Figure 103: Bridge – Plan ............................................................................................................... 168
Figure 104: Bridge - Elevation ....................................................................................................... 168
Figure 105: Drain section - 50cmx 80cm .................................................................................... 169
Figure 106: Drain section - 40cm x 60cm ................................................................................... 170
Figure 107: Drain section - 30cm x 45cn .................................................................................... 170
Figure 108: Water Supply - schematic diagram ....................................................................... 172
Figure 109: Schematic representation of Water tank building ............................................. 173
Figure 110: Water Tank Building – Elevation .............................................................................. 174
Figure 111: Water Tank Building – Section ................................................................................. 174
Figure 112: Ground Floor (Ayurveda clinic) – Plan................................................................... 175
Figure 113: First Floor (Homoeo clinic) – Plan ............................................................................ 175
Figure 114: Second Floor (Health Inspector's Office) – Plan .................................................. 176
Figure 115: Water Tank Building - Terrace Plan ......................................................................... 176
Figure 116: SWM building - Front Elevation ................................................................................ 178
Figure 117: SWM building – Side Elevation ................................................................................ 179
Figure 118: SWM building – Plan .................................................................................................. 179
Figure 119: SWM building - Section ............................................................................................. 180
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Slum population of Kochi (CDP Kochi, 2006) .............................................................. 43
Table 2: Socio-economic profile of urban poor ......................................................................... 44
Table 3: Demographic Details ....................................................................................................... 49
Table 4: Slum wise distribution of DUs ........................................................................................... 50
Table 5: Details of beneficiaries in terms of composition ......................................................... 51
Table 6: Caste-wise break-up of beneficiaries ........................................................................... 67

THE UNDERTAKING FURNISHED BY THE CORPORATION
1. The slum identified for implementation of RAY program would be de-notified and
no additional fund will be allocated to the same slum for the same purpose.
2. The remaining houses in the identified slums, which are not selected for RAY
assistance, are in good habitable condition.
3. All beneficiaries selected for assistance under RAY for individual

houses/improvement of existing houses have land tenures.
4. The area selected for housing schemes proposed under RAY are free from Zonal
regulations.
5. Necessary convergence would be made while implementing the scheme with

proper integration of services.
6. The estimates have been prepared based on the State PWD Schedule of Rates
2012.
7. The project components proposed under the present proposal have not been
considered under any other scheme.
8. The beneficiaries identified under this proposal have not been considered for any
other housing program implemented by the Corporation/State for the last 5
years, or in the BSUP projects sanctioned by GOI.
9. Biometric identification of beneficiaries would be done and the list would be

updated on the State/Municipal/RAY website.
10. The adequacy, correctness of design and quantity calculation conforms to the
proposed design/plan.
11. The operation and maintenance of the common infrastructure facilities provided
under the RAY scheme shall be funded under RAY for the first five years and the
Corporation shall carry out the necessary operation and maintenance activities
for the rest of the life span of the facility.
12. The Cochin Corporation undertakes to carry out the necessary measures to
ensure the transfer of all the land documents of the beneficiaries to the legal
possession of the Corporation for the implementation of RAY.
13. Open spaces identified as public green in the layout are under the ownership of
the Corporation and shall be retained as public open spaces.
Secretary,
Corporation of Cochin


CERTIFICATE
It is certified that, in relation to the DPR submitted for the RAY Project titled “Slum
Rehabilitation in Thuruthy” by the Cochin Corporation, the following requirements have
been met:
1. The estimates have been prepared as per the current SOR along with the current
cost index, and the estimates have been signed by the Engineer-in-charge of the
Corporation.
2. Socio-economic survey of slum pockets reflected in the DPR has been carried
out.
3. CPHEEO Manual has been adopted for design of water supply, treatment of
sewage, Municipal solid waste management and storm water design.
4. The list of beneficiaries along with biometric identification is enclosed/would be

submitted, and has also been displayed in the websites of NBO and state level
Nodal Agency.
5. Beneficiaries covered under the project will be provided security of tenure

through guaranteed tenancy/ownership rights.
Engineer-in-charge Secretary Nodal Officer
(Corporation) (Corporation) (Kudumbashree)




Chapter-1. CHECKLISTS
1.1 Checklist of documents/information available in the DPR of RAY
1. State : Kerala
2. City : Kochi (Cochin)
3. Project Name : Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy (Thuruthy, Kalvathy,
Konchery under Rajiv Awas Yojana)
4. Project cost (Rs in lakhs): Rs. 6762.47 lakhs
S. No. Description Yes No
Duly authenticated Admin. & Tech. checklist of

1 Yes
DPR is enclosed
Duly authenticated Executive Summary is

2 Yes
enclosed
Duly authenticated detailed cost estimates are

3 Yes
enclosed
Following duly authenticated drawings enclosed:
Location plans
Yes
Survey maps and contour plans
yes
4 Existing slum/area layouts and service plans
Yes
Building plans, Architectural & Structural drawings
Yes
L-section / Cross-sections / Elevations as
Yes
applicable for roads, drains, sewer etc
Following duly authenticated annexures

enclosed:
Undertaking (signed by ULB/SLNA)

Yes
List of beneficiaries
5 Yes
Sample copy of consent of beneficiaries
Yes
Sample copy of household survey
Sample copy of allotment letter indicating no

ownership rights

Copy of SLSMC approval
Copies of statutory approval required Fire, PCB
Photographs of existing slum covering housing Yes

and infrastructure conditions and micro-planning
Certificate regarding “as is where is” basis, if there

is no Master Plan for the region

1.2 Administrative & Technical checklist for DPR of RAY
1. Name of the State : Kerala
2. Name of the City : Kochi
3. Name of Project : Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy (Thuruthy, Kalvathy,
Konchery) under Rajiv Awas Yojana
4. Project Cost (Rs in Lacs): Rs 6762.47 lakhs
5. Nodal Agency : Kudumbashree
6. Implementing Agency: Corporation of Cochin
7. Total urban population of the city as per census 2011 : 6,01,574
8. Total slum population of the city as per CDP 2006 : 1,27,872
9. Slum population as per the socio-economic survey
conducted by the Corporation : 6671
S.No. Description Yes No
Has the State adopted a policy towards

1. (a) conferring land tenure rights to slum No
dwellers?
The legislation is under

If not, is the legislation for the above in
(b) consideration of the
process? And what stage is it?
GoK
Have the beneficiaries covered in DPR

(c) Yes
been provided with tenure rights?
Has Slum Free City Plan (SFCP) been

2. (a) No
prepared and forwarded to MoHUPA?
If yes, has the Slum Free City Plan (SFCP)

(b) N.A
been approved by MoHUPA?
If not, what is the stage of SFCP Being

(c)
preparation? prepared
Has the State Slum Policy been prepared It is envisaged as part

3.
and adopted? of SFCPoA
4. Has MoA for reforms been signed with No

MoHUPA?
Has State Level Sanctioning and Monitoring

5. Yes
Committee (SLSMC) been constituted?
The SLS&MC approval is not

obtained; however, vide letter no.
59823/DC2/2013/ LSGD dated
6. Has DPR been approved by the SLSMC? 21/11/2013, Principle Secretary
(LSGD), GoK has informed that the
project will be placed before SLS&MC
for ratification
Has the DPR been forwarded by the

7. Yes
designated Nodal Agency?
Is the implementation authority identified

8. Yes
with State Government approval?
9. Whether elected Local Body is in place? Yes
10. Does a valid City Master Plan exist? Yes
11. Has a City Sanitation Plan (CSP) been

Yes
(a) prepared?
If yes, is the DPR prepared keeping the CSP Yes, DPR is in line with
(b)
in view? the CSP
12. Has a Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

Yes
(a) been prepared for the city?
If yes, is the DPR prepared keeping the city

(b) Yes
DMP in view?
If no, is the DMP for the slums included in

(c) N.A
the DPR?
Has the Final List of Slums (with census data)

13. Yes
after de-notification been prepared?
14. Is this slum(s) notified or non-notified? Non-notified
If SFCP is not completed, has tenability and

deficiency assessment of slum(s) and
15. Yes
preparation of slum-level GIS maps been
completed and furnished in the DPR?

Is the project land in possession of

16.
Implementation Agency and free from any Yes
(a)
encroachments and encumbrance?
(b) If not, provide status of proposed land. N.A
Has socio-economic survey of slum(s) been

17. Yes
completed as per latest format?
Has Physical (Total station) survey of slum(s)

18. Yes
been completed?
Have environmental sustainability studies for

19. N.A
slum(s) covered in DPR been carried out?
Have beneficiaries been identified by

20. biometric or UID and is the list enclosed in Yes, UID
DPR?
Whether caste-wise breakup of

21. Yes
beneficiaries is furnished?
Has the entire slum been taken up for

housing and infrastructure improvement
22. Yes
while formulating the DPR? (whole slum
approach adopted)
Have detailed cost estimates been

23. prepared with State Schedule of Rate? Yes; SOR 2012.
Mention year of SoR.
If cost index is applied on old SoR, has it

24. No
been certified by Competent Authority?
Is the DPR for in-situ

25. Yes
redevelopment/upgradation?
26.
N.A
(a) Is the DPR for relocation?
If yes, distance of proposed site from

(b) N.A
existing location
Whether beneficiaries’ consent has been

(c) Yes
obtained for the proposed project?
27. Project Cost (Rs. In Lakhs) and in

percentage of Housing to Infrastructure
• Housing Rs. 4722.81 lakhs (73%)
• Infrastructure Rs. 1733.02 lakhs (27%)
Sub-Total Rs. 6455.82 lakhs
• Contingency
• Escalation
• Departmental charges O&M: Rs. 258.23 lakhs
• Any other DPR: Rs. 48.42 lakhs
Total Rs. 6762.47 lakhs
Has the cost sharing among State and ULB

28. Yes
been formally agreed upon?
Have the tie-ups for beneficiary

29. Yes
contribution been indicated?
30. Central share requested (Rs. In Lakhs) Rs.1880.18 lakhs (27%)
State share (Rs. In Lakhs) and in percentage Rs. 4882.29 lakhs (73%)
State Grant Rs.2012.49 lakhs (29%)
31. ULB/Agency’s own funds Rs.2034.90 lakhs (30%)
Beneficiary contribution Rs. 834.91 lakhs (13%)
Any other
Project duration 36 months

32.
Proposed date of commencement After getting sanction
Number of DUs – 755 (total)
• New : 667
• Upgradation: 88
• Transit: -
33.
• Rental: -
• Dormitories / any other: -
• If only infrastructure provided, then N.A

give number of DUs benefitted
34. Minimum carpet area of a DU (sq.m.) 25.03 sq.m.
35. Density (DU/hectare) 1046 DUs in 16

hectares 65.3

DUs/hectare
36. Is the land use of the proposed site

Yes, residential
(a) residential as per the Master Plan?
If not residential, whether notification for

(b) N.A
change of land use has been issued?
Coverage area under proposed project (in sq.m.)

components
• Residential 94,839.45
• Commercial 1,704.56
37.
• Facilities 27,419.03
• Green area 4,441.95
• Roads, pavements & bridges 23,655.69
• Any other (specify) 13,440.00 (canal)
Status of statutory approvals from:
Town & Country Planning Department Not required
Municipal Corporation Yes
Fire Department Fire fighting system

provided as per NBC
38.
Pollution control Board
STP designed as per
CPEEHO
Ministry of Environment N.A.
Coastal Regulation Authority etc N.A.
Have Green Technologies or any cost

39. effective technologies been adopted in No
the project?
Has Disaster Resistant Technology been

40. Yes
adopted?
Water Supply:
41.
Is Municipal water supply main available Yes; Water available in
(a)
near the slum boundary? If yes, how far? the zone
(b) If yes, whether slum water supply system is Yes; Kerala Water Authority will
proposed to be connected to the provide it. An amount of Rs 8 lakhs for

Municipal water supply main? What is the the integration.

cost of integration?
If not, whether independent slum water

(c) supply system has been proposed? What is N.A
the cost of this system?
Whether individual water supply

(d) Yes
connection proposed?
Sewerage: No, but the CSP envisages Municipal

42.
Is Municipal sewer line available near the Sewer along the main road which is
(a) 0.5 km away
slum boundary? If yes, how far?
If yes, whether slum sewerage line is

proposed to be integrated with the
(b) N.A
Municipal sewer line? What is the cost of
integration?
Independent septic tanks are

If not, whether independent slum sewerage proposed for all types of building
(c) system has been proposed? What is the except the high-rise buildings. STP is
cost of the system? provided for the high-rise buildings.
Cost: Rs.115.12 lakhs
Roads:
43. Yes – less than half a
Is the Municipal main road near the slum kilometer
(a)
boundary? If yes, how far?
Has slum road network been proposed?

(b) Yes; Rs. 175.96 lakhs
What is the cost?
Does connectivity with the main peripheral

(c) Yes
road exist?
If not, whether slum road network is

(d) proposed to be integrated with city level N.A
network? What is the cost of integration?
Storm Water Drains:

44.
Is Municipal drain available near the slum Yes
(a)
boundary? If yes, how far?
Whether slum drainage network has been

(b) Yes; Rs.170.11 lakhs
proposed? What is the cost?

Does connectivity with the municipal drains

(c) Yes, Natural drain
exist?
If not, whether slum storm water drainage

line is proposed to be integrated with city
(d) NA
level network? What is the cost of
integration?
Street Lighting:
45.
Has internal slum electrification been Yes; Rs.26 lakhs
(a)
proposed? What is the cost?
Whether connectivity with external supply

(b) Yes
line exists?
If not, whether slum-level electrification is

(c) proposed to be integrated with city level N.A
network? What is the cost of integration?
Has provision for Solid Waste Management

46. Yes
been made?
47. Parks and Open spaces Yes
48. Whether health care facility exists within the

Yes
(a) site? If not, how far is it?
(b) If yes, what type of facility exists? Govt. Taluk Hospital
49. Whether educational facility exists within

Yes
(a) the site? If not, how far is it?
Upto Higher
(b) If yes, what type of facility exists?
Secondary school
Yes – welfare
measures are initiated
Provision for convergence of the Central with Kudumbashree
and State Government Schemes in the
following sectors has been made in the Aswasa Kiranam
DPR: Scheme;
50. Cancer Suraksha
Health
Scheme;
Health insurance
CHIAK
Education SSA

1.Indira Gandhi
national old age
Social security including accidental and pension; 2.Labour
medical insurance, old age pension, old pension; 3.Thalolam
age homes etc Scheme; 4.Karunya
Deposit Scheme;
5.Asraya project
Provision of other civic amenities (if any) like

Yes – Livelihood centres, Library,
51. community centre, livelihood centre,
Ayurveda & Homoeo clinics
informal market etc
Yes; For the first five years the O&M

will be met from the fund under this
project after fifth year the same will
Has separate provision for upkeep and
be handed over to the community
52. maintenance of public assets to be
and a certain percentage of the
created through this project been made?
income generated through the
livelihood activity will be earmarked
for the purpose.
53.
Are project components on PPP basis? No
(a)
(b) If yes, what are the components? N.A
Whether the works proposed under the DPR

54. have been carried out under any other No
scheme? If yes, when?
1. Livelihood activity centre takes

care of the maintenance of common
facilities
Innovative approaches adopted in the
55. 2. Water Tank Structure is used to
project
house the floors for: i. Ayurveda clinic
ii. Homoeo clinic iii. Health Inspector’s
office



Chapter-2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 Abstract
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF RAY THURUTHY
1. State: Kerala
2. City: Kochi (Cochin)
Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy (Thuruthy,

3. Project name Kalvathy, Konchery) under Rajiv Awas
Yojana
4. Project cost - Housing + Infrastructure (Rs in

Rs. 6455.82 lakhs
lakhs)
5. Total Project Cost inclusive of O&M and other

Rs. 6762.47 lakhs
costs (Rs in lakhs)
6. Central share (Rs in lakhs) Rs. 1880.18 lakhs
7. State share (Rs in lakhs) Rs. 2012.49 lakhs
8. ULB share (Rs in lakhs) Rs. 2034.90 lakhs
9. Beneficiary share (Rs in lakhs) Rs. 834.91 lakhs
10. Others (PPP and Convergence) (Rs in lakhs): Nil
New: 667 units

11. Total number of DUs
Renovations: 88 units
12. SOR adopted 2012
13. Project Duration: 36 months
14. Date of sanction:


56 C-EARTH Pvt Ltd, Cochin-16

33

34

35

36

37



Chapter-3. INTRODUCTION
3.1 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)
The Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) is an initiative of the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty
Alleviation (MoHUPA) of the Government of India. It is a scheme aimed at the welfare of
slum dwellers and the urban poor, envisaging a “Slum-free India” by encouraging
States/Union Territories to tackle the problems of slums in a definitive manner. The
scheme aims to help in the rehabilitation of slums in those states that are willing to assign
property rights to slum dwellers, to enable the provision of shelter and basic civil and
social services for slum rehabilitation, and for creation of affordable housing stock.
The cost of the project will be borne by the Central Government and the respective
State Government and Urban Local Body (ULB), apart from a small contribution by the
beneficiaries of the project. The scheme is expected to cover about 250 cities, mostly
with population of more than three lakhs, across the entire country. The scheme will
progress at the pace set by the States.
Thuruthy, a small settlement situated next to the backwaters in the city of Kochi in Kerala,
is among the slums selected for the RAY scheme in Kerala. Comprising of mostly
minorities, the colony is home to a large number of people working in the unorganized
sector and living in impoverished, uninhabitable conditions and generally cut off from
the well-off masses of the city.
Prepared according to the CDP of Kochi (2006), this DPR presents proposals for the
integrated development of housing and infrastructure conditions for the residents of
these communities and aims to empower them with better living conditions as well as
livelihood opportunities.
3.2 A Brief of Fort Kochi
The Peninsula of Fort Kochi and Mattancherry (together also known as Old Kochi or West
Kochi) is located to the west of Kochi city, and is primarily a tourist enclave. Fort Kochi
forms the upper part of the Peninsula with neatly arranged colonial buildings, narrow
well-paved roads, Anglo-Dutch influenced structures and large antiques
shops. Mattancherry is primarily a trading city, famous for its thriving Gujarati settlement
brought to the city in the 16th and 17th centuries by the spice trade.

St. Francis Church Chinese fishing nets
3.2.1 History
The territory that is now Fort Kochi was granted to the Portuguese in 1503 by the Rajah of
Kochi, after the forces of Alfonso de Albuquerque helped him in fighting the forces
of the Saamoothiri of Kozhikode. The Rajah also gave them permission to build a fort
near the waterfront to protect their commercial interests. The first part of the name Fort
Kochi comes from this fort, Fort Emmanuel, which was later destroyed by the Dutch. The
Portuguese built their settlements behind the fort. They also built a wooden church,
which was rebuilt in 1516 as a permanent structure, today known as the St Francis
Church. Fort Kochi remained in Portuguese possession for 160 years. In 1683 the Dutch
captured the territory from the Portuguese, destroyed many Portuguese institutions,
particularly Catholic including convents. The Dutch held Fort Kochi in their possession for
112 years until 1795, when the British took control by defeating the Dutch. Foreign control
of Fort Kochi ended in 1947 with the Indian independence.
3.2.2 Tourist Attraction
A mix of old houses built by the Portuguese, Dutch and British in the colonial periods line
the streets of Fort Kochi. St Francis Church was built in 1503 by the Portuguese as a
Catholic church. Vasco da Gama was once buried in this church which now falls under
the Church of South India and is one of the national monuments. Santa Cruz Basilica,
also built by the Portuguese in the 16th century, was later destroyed by the British and
rebuilt near the end of 19th century. The landmark that causes more public and visitor
interest is a series of pre-colonial Chinese fishing nets on the waterfront, believed to have
been introduced by Chinese traders in the early 14th century.

3.2.3 Slum profile of Kochi
The economic boom of the past decade has seen Kochi soaring into one of the hottest
employment hubs of the country. This has led to a large number of migrants flowing into
the city, the number of such workers being the largest in Kerala. This has, however, also
contributed to a growing slum-dwelling population in the city. The shift of economic
activities from the western part of Kochi to the east has also accelerated poverty and
growth of slums in the former.
As of 2006, Kochi Corporation, surrounding Municipalities and Panchayats (CDP Area)

had a total population of 12,50,900. Out of this, about 4,24,854 people lived below the
poverty line (BPL). This is about 34% of the population.
Figure 1: BPL and non-BPL population of Kochi (CDP Kochi, 2006)
As of 2006, there were about 349 slums in the whole of the Kochi CDP area, containing
about 32,420 people. In these areas, poverty is high both in relative and in absolute
terms. In Kochi city alone, there were 218 slums containing 27,872 people residing in
them.
Location Number of slums Slum population
Kochi 218 1,27,872
Urban outskirts 131 22,740
Total 349 1,50,612
Table 1: Slum population of Kochi (CDP Kochi, 2006)

A socio-economic study on the urban poor of Kochi yielded the following results about
their living conditions, lifestyle and employment:
Description Quantity
Employment in unorganized informal sector 70%
With no regular employment / Only one member with regular 93%

employment
Living in rented accommodation 14%
Living in huts/sub-standard houses 85%
Without access to safe drinking water within 15 metres 82%
Without a sanitary latrine 60%
With children below 5 years 45%
With acute alcoholics / drug addicts 25%
With an illiterate person 20%
Destitute / Women 30%
Without the capacity to take two square meals a day 32%
Table 2: Socio-economic profile of urban poor
3.3 RAY program in Thuruthy
The RAY programme was introduced in the state of Kerala in 2010 with the aim of
making the state free of slums. Kochi, like many other metros, has to deal with the
problem of the urban poor, accommodating them and bringing them on par with the
well-off masses. Thuruthy, one of the most vulnerable and oldest clusters in the city, has
not been mainstreamed into the city’s development profile, and hence was selected for
improvement under the Rajiv Awas Yojana. The project is executed at the city level with
the help of Kudumbashree (State Poverty Eradication Mission of Kerala) and the
Corporation of Cochin.

3.3.1 Thuruthy – Location
Figure 2: Location of the project area

Figure 3: Google map of the project area

Our project area comprises of parts of the colonies of Thuruthy, Kalvathy and Konchery,
in Fort Kochi (Kochi) and is located very close to the busy street connecting the Heritage
Tourism Centre at Fort Kochi and the Trade Centre of Mattancherry. They have a
combined area of 40 acres. They occupy the heart of the Fort Kochi area, which is 12 km
away from Ernakulam city. The area is in close proximity to the sea, with the main canal
running around Thuruthy – the Rameswaram canal – directly joining the backwaters.
The area is accessible through road and inland water transport network. The ancient
road that connects Fort Kochi and Mattancherry is the boundary of this colony on the
Northern and Eastern sides. The Kalvathy- Rameswaram Canal serves as the boundary to
its South, the road connecting Fort Kochi to Veli to its West and an open park, named as
Mehboob Park, is located to its South-West. The colony has a Taluk Head Quarters
Hospital to its North-West side. The South side has slums on the other side of the canal.
The colony can be accessed through road on the West side or through water on the
North-East side by ferry. Accessing the inner parts of the colony by vehicles is difficult
due to the narrow inner lanes and the canal that isolates the colony from its
neighbourhood.
Figure 4: Thuruthy - location and connectivity

3.3.2 Thuruthy – Demography
Figure 5: Project Area
There are about 6671 people occupying the colony. Almost all the families follow Islam.
Among the residents of the colony, most of them or their earlier generations had jobs at
the Cochin Port or fishing harbour, or they were engaged in fishing or trading seafood.
The women used to get employment in cleaning, sorting and packing of export stuff like
spices, seafood etc. But now, most of these jobs have become mechanized and people
have become jobless. Lack of education prevents them from gaining new skills or
adapting themselves to new-generation jobs.
Total project area 40 acres
Net inhabited area 31 acres
Total population 6671
Density of population 215 persons/acre
No. of RAY beneficiaries 755 families
Table 3: Demographic Details

3.3.2.1 Slum-wise distribution of houses
Initially, the project area selected comprised only of Thuruthy. It is the poorest locality in
Fort Kochi. Later on, the adjacent areas of Kalvathy and Konchery were also brought
into the project purview for a more holistic development of the area. Each of these
colonies has a slightly distinct profile from one another: while Thuruthy is densely packed,
has greater number of slum settlements and lesser unoccupied or free land, Kalvathy
and Konchery are relatively better in terms of land, livelihood and social infrastructure.
Konchery has the least number of slum settlements amongst the three.
Total Population
RAY beneficiaries
43%
Non-beneficiaries
57%
Figure 6: Distribution of RAY and non-RAY population
Slum-wise distribution of DUs Proposed DUs
Semi Proposed Upgradation Proposed

Slum Pucca Kutcha Total
pucca additional
name DUs DUs DUs DUs new DUs
DUs DU units
Thuruthy 243 76 247 566 143 9 106
Kalvathy 138 57 109 304 170 70 107
Konchery 69 33 74 176 85 9 56
450 166 430 1046 398 88 269
Table 4: Slum wise distribution of DUs

There are around 1046 Dwelling Units (families) in the project area, comprising of both
the RAY beneficiaries and others, of which 566 DUs are situated in Thuruthy, 304 DUs in
Kalvathy and 176 DUs in Konchery.
Currently, 450 DUs live in pucca buildings, 166 DUs in semi-pucca buildings and 430 in
kutcha buildings. The pucca houses are occupied by those who are not part of the RAY
program, i.e the non-beneficiaries, as well as the landless or homeless people in the area
who have rented houses (possibly from the non-beneficiaries). The semi-pucca and
kutcha houses are all occupied by the RAY beneficiaries, who require housing assistance
either in the form of new houses or through upgradation of their present houses.
The following table lists the number of beneficiaries in each slum in terms of factors such
as gender, caste, economic status etc.
Details of beneficiaries in terms of composition

Total Population
Total number of
Minority P (H)
General P(H)
Slum Name
Households
Others P(H)
APL/BPL
Female
SC P(H)
ST P(H)
Male
Sl no
1 Thuruthy 1518 692 826 347 3 1 344 323
2 Kalvathy 2025 923 1102 258 3 256 237
3 Konchery 674 307 368 150 1 147 132
Total 4218 1922 2296 755 7 747 692
Table 5: Details of beneficiaries in terms of composition

3.3.3 Nodal and Implementation Agency
Kudumbashree (State Poverty Eradication Mission of the Government of Kerala) has

been assigned the role of Nodal Agency for the implementation of the scheme,
whereas the Corporation of Cochin shall function as the Implementation Agency. The
Corporation Secretary is the Project Director for the program in the city.
3.3.3.1 Selection of Beneficiary
The dwellers of the slums have to furnish any of the following documents, issued prior to
the 2009 June list, to prove that they have been residing in the cluster before June 2009:
a. Voter’s ID
b. Election card
c. Copy of Electricity bill
d. Copy of Telephone bill
e. Passport
f. Gas connection
g. Possession certificate
h. Ration card
A total of 755 families have been selected for the project according to the stated
criteria.
3.3.3.2 Security of the tenure
This is the most important requirement of the slum dweller. The residence is given either in
the joint names of the male and female heads of the family, or to the female head. It
has to be noted that the houses will be taken back if the families shift elsewhere within
the stipulated period of seven years. In no case will the dwelling unit be transferred to
another person.

3.3.3.3 Grant from Central Government and State Government
The Central Government will provide 50% of the project cost as grant for this scheme,
subject to an upper ceiling of Rs.5 lakh per household (inclusive of both housing and
infrastructure costs); the State Government will provide 30% of the total cost and the rest
has to be borne by the Urban Local Body (ULB) and the beneficiaries together.
3.3.4 Beneficiary Contribution
The beneficiaries are required to contribute towards the Housing cost of the project, but
not the Infrastructure cost. Their share among the total Housing Cost can range between
0 to 25%. The contribution from each beneficiary family is decided by taking into
consideration their various social and economic parameters, such as:
i. General/SC/ST/OBC
ii. BPL or APL
iii. A family having one or more physically or mentally handicapped member
iv. Members belonging to Ashraya scheme
etc, to name a few.
The ceiling on beneficiary share, for the EMI burden created on him, should be such that
it is no more than 25% of his monthly household income.




Chapter-4. SALIENT FEATURES OF SFCPoA
4.1 Slum-Free City Plan of Action
The Slum-Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) is an overall action plan with investment
requirements projected and prioritized for upgrading the existing slums and planning for
houses for the urban poor for the next 10-15 years. It is required so that the slums are
prioritized for development and funding based on scientific assessments. It is also
important as it gives the way forward in terms of quantum of urban poor housing and
the corresponding fund required to prevent slums from forming in future.
RAY envisages a two step implementation strategy where SFCPoA is to be first prepared
on a ‘whole city’ basis, i.e., covering all the slums within the city, and based on prioritized
slums in the SFCPoA, individual Detailed Project Reports are prepared for each slum.
4.2 Criteria for Slum Selection
As per the Government norms, a cluster of at least 10 households living within 0.25 acres
of land resulting in population density of at least 200 people per acre, with one or more
of the following indicators, will be identified as a slum:
• Located within or in proximity to solid waste dumps, drainage ponds, open

drains, streams, canals etc
• Unauthorized settlements on public land like road poramboke, railway land,

thodu poramboke, canal poramboke etc
• The location is prone to water-logging, accumulation of drainage/waste-water
• At least 50%of the households earn their livelihoods through the unorganized
sector (as defined by the NCEUS)
• At least 50% of the dwelling units are of semi-permanent or non-permanent

nature
• At least 50% of the households do not have access to piped water supply
• At least 50% of the households do not have individual household latrines
• At least 50% of the households do not have access to private bathing spaces
• At least 50%of the households do not have at least 1-metre wide pathways
leading to their dwelling units
• There is no street lighting in the cluster.
• At least 20% of the families do not have authorized electricity connection

4.3 Selection of slums in the project area based on GoK norms
The Corporation of Cochin has selected 441 slums under Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). After
merging and physical verification by the external agency, the slum count has been
finalized as 218 as per the slum selection criteria by Government of Kerala. These slums
have a population of more than 28,000 families – an average of 128 families per slum.
According to the geographical nature of the City the administrative area has been
divided into five zones. More than 60% of the slums which are identified for RAY are in the
Fort Kochi Zone. Because of the physical, historical and other reasons, the density of
population in this zone are high and people stay in dilapidated and vulnerable
conditions. Being a trade city, it has witnessed the migration of people from many states,
as a byproduct of development. Various tourism-related activities such as jobs in the
port, construction areas, loading and unloading, fishing, casual labour and such have
triggered the creation of slums or slum-like conditions in many areas. These have
gradually expanded into large communities with less physical and social infrastructures.
Thuruthy is one of the most vulnerable and oldest slums in Fort Kochi Zone with more than
150 years of history as a slum with limited infrastructure and housing facilities. Two more
vulnerable slums adjacent to it, Kalvathy and Konchery, have also been merged with
Thuruthy for the project, for holistic development. Socio-economic Survey was
conducted in these three slums to collect the Housing and Livelihood status of the
people. These surveys found that majority of the people depend on unskilled labour: 88%
people are casual labourers and only 3% of the people are salaried. Around 74% of the
working population earn below Rs.3000 as their monthly income. The housing, social and
civic infrastructures are not much in Thuruthy as the facility available in other parts of the
City. The presence of the contaminated Kalvathy canal around the colonies disrupts
their connectivity with their surrounding areas and also causes health hazards to the
people. Drastic fall in job opportunities, lack of good education and technical skills etc
have led to decreasing employment among the people, and those with very low
wages. These situations have made Thuruthy and adjacent slums very vulnerable. Other
main criteria for selecting Thuruthy colony for the RAY project are described below:
• Density of population is greater than 200 families per acre.
• Located within and in proximity to solid waste dumps, open drains, canals.
• 99% of the beneficiaries are under minority community and 74% families are BPL.
• The location is prone to water-logging, accumulation of drainage/waste-water.
• 92% of the families are working in unorganized sector.
• 68% families live in semi pucca houses and 24% live in kachha houses.
• 67% families depend on the public water system.
• 92% families do not have patta of land and only 43% have possession certificate

Infrastructure and Sanitation
• A majority of the families do not have proper sanitation facilities and have to
depend on the very few public toilets, which are again in poor, unhygienic
conditions
• Kalvathy canal, which surrounds the colony, is highly contaminated and polluted
• Public transportation is not available, so people have to walk more than 1.5km to
access many facilities
• Open drains and canals are polluted and not cleaned, and they increase the
chances of spreading diseases
• Schools are very far from the slum and only one School is available inside.
• Irregular water supply
• Septic wastes are directly disposed into drainage channels
• Water supply network through drainage channels – leakage and contamination

of water
• Water logging
• Open toilets
• Waste management system is not available in the entire slum
Health
• Only one Govt. Hospital is available to the people of the colonies
• The canal surrounding the colony is highly contaminated and polluted and it has
triggered the chances of communicable diseases
Livelihood
• Majority of the people working in unorganized sector
• Majority of the women are unemployed and sufficient opportunities are not
available
• Seasonal employment in many fields, especially in fishing
• Lack of proper education and skills to grab the available employment

opportunities in the area




Chapter-5. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
5.1 Introduction
Thuruthy Colony is a settlement of poor people living in close proximity to the famous
tourism destination of Fort Kochi and the trade hub of Mattancherry. Moreover, there
are many historic monuments in the near vicinity of the colony, and a small part of the
locality also falls under the ‘Heritage Zone’ category marked by the planners.
Figure 7: Map of the project area
Fort Kochi and Mattancherry, which are placed right at the sea mouth, have
experienced immense trade-related activities and have developed a rich pluralistic
culture and tradition unique to this heritage zone. This is reflected in the distinct facets
and culture of this area, which exhibits great monuments, structures and settlements of
outstanding heritage value, all of which make this area completely unique and unlike
any other place in the region. These aspects have thrust Fort Kochi and Mattancherry
into worldwide maps as happening tourist destinations and have a big share in boosting
Kerala’s economy.

Some of the attractions in the neighbourhood of the cluster are: The Jewish Synagogue
of Mattancherry (built in 1568), which is the oldest active synagogue in the
Commonwealth of Nations; the St.Francis Church built in 1503 by the Portuguese, which
is the oldest European church in India; the Mattancherry Palace; Santa Cruz Basilica; the
Bazaar Street, which is famous for spices, rubber, seafood and hardware etc, to name a
few. The prestigious Vallarpadam Container Transshipment Terminal and the Cochin
Shipyard are also located close to the area.
However, the residents of the clusters are not benefitted from these economic activities
happening in their immediate neighbourhood. Their living conditions have been very
poor for the past several decades. The marginalization is mainly due to the physical
isolation of the clusters from the economic activity hubs, poor educational background
of the people, lack of capital mobilisation, and communal and religious reasons.
5.2 Topography, Soil & Climate
The land demonstrates a flat terrain without any contours and is about 1m above Mean
Sea Level (MSL). The surface soil is clayey sand in most places and clay underneath. In
the soil test conducted, it was seen that there were no hard strata or strong sand layers
upto a depth of 45m from ground level. The micro climate in the area is comparable to
the climatic conditions of any other coastal village in Kerala.
Figure 8: View of the canal

5.3 Demographic Profile
Figure 9: Population figures (Census 2011, Household surveys)
The project area consisting of the clusters of Thuruthy, Kalvathy and Konchery, is spread
over an area of 40 acres. The combined population of the area is 6671 and the area
under housing is 31 acres, giving rise to a population density of 215 persons per acre. Like
in most parts of Kerala, this cluster too has a sex ratio in favour of women, at 1160
females per 1000 males.
1200
1150 1160
1100
1084
1050
1028 1031 Sex Ratio
1000
950
Thuruthy - Kochi Kochi Urban Kerala
Kalvathy - Corporation Agglomeration
Konchery cluster
Figure 10: Sex Ratio (Census 2011, Household surveys)

Population - Males v/s Females
males
46% females
54%
Figure 11: Male – Female Population Percentage
There are 2296 females and 1922 males among the RAY beneficiaries. There are many
women-only households in the area, where the men have died, or left home, or the
couples have separated or divorced, etc.
Figure 12: Literacy Rate (Census 2011, Household surveys)
The literacy rate of the project area comprising of the Thuruthy-Kalvathy-Konchery

cluster is 93.46%, lesser than that of the city’s 97.49% and the State’s 94%.

Among the people of the colony, there are 29 people who are physically handicapped
(PH). Among the 755 beneficiary families, 692 belong to BPL (below poverty line)
category. More than 99% of the population is Muslims, and the rest are Hindus and
Christians. The caste-wise distribution of beneficiaries is as given below:
S.No. Category Number of families
1. General 7
2. SC 2
3. ST 0
4. OBC 746
Total 755
Table 6: Caste-wise break-up of beneficiaries

5.4 Socio-economic profile
The people of Thuruthy have been living a marginalized life of poverty, unemployment
and ill-health for decades due to various reasons. The physical infrastructure,
accessibility, health and educational facilities are in a poor state here compared to the
rest of the city. The mechanization of the Cochin Port and the steep decrease in the
prospects of fishing have caused a loss of labour opportunities within their territory. The
high level of poverty and the isolation of the colony from its more developed
neighbourhoods have played a big role in the occurrences of drug trafficking and other
crimes in this vicinity.
Figure 13: Snapshots from the slums
Most of the people depend on fishing, unskilled jobs in the port, market, construction
sector etc or petty jobs in the tourist areas. Due to illiteracy and religious limitations, the
women do not go out to work, except for a few who go for household jobs. This has
limited the family income to the earning potential of male members of the family. There
are many women who do not have their spouses either due to their death or by
separation.
After the active involvement of Kudumbashree system, the women are enhanced and
ready to come out earn themselves. Some of them engaged in tourism related activities,
home maid or home nurse, small scale industrial works and fishing related activities. Such
engagements are nominal compared to the poor socio-economic status of the slum
community.

5.5 Infrastructure Profile
5.5.1 Housing and Layout
The houses are laid out in a haphazard manner, in non-uniform plots and with no proper
layout. Their sizes also vary unevenly from plot to plot, hence rendering most of the
houses inaccessible and unnoticeable – it is practically impossible to reach many of the
houses in the clusters by vehicle.
Figure 14: Inaccessible houses
Most of the houses are thatched with tar sheets, asbestos sheets or MP tiles except a few
houses that are roofed with RCC slabs. The people live in a crowded environment, with
too many people crammed into the small confines of each house. Often, many
extended families live in houses that are normally meant for a single family. For many
houses, the floor level is below road level, which leads to flooding during the rainy
season.
Figure 15: Most of the houses are in a very bad state, both structurally and spatially

Figure 16: Distribution of types of houses
There are 430 kutcha households, 166 semi-pucca households and 450 pucca
households in the colony. These also include the houses of the people not participating
in RAY, who live in pucca houses. Most of the RAY beneficiaries live in kutcha houses.
Figure 17: Distribution of households in each slum
The total number of households in Thuruthy is 566, 304 in Kalvathy and 176 in Konchery.
Altogether there are 1046 households in the project area (inclusive of families not
participating in RAY). Thuruthy has the largest concentration of households among the
three colonies in the project area.

5.5.2 Accessibility and Road Network
The occupants have to walk a distance of about 0.40 km - 1.25 km to reach the various
locations of the colony. The canal which surrounds the Thuruthy colony separates it from
the rest of the Fort Kochi area. Though there are a few bridges across the canal, they
are not motorable. The canal, which could have been accessed by water, is not being
used for the purpose because there are pipelines which cross the canal at surface level
and the bridges do not have sufficient height to facilitate the movement of boats. The
bad quality of water and the garbage thrown into the water makes water transport
impossible.
Figure 18: Images of existing overbridge
The approach roads to the colony are generally tarred, with an average width of 3.0 m -
5.0 m, while the internal roads within the cluster are very narrow. For most of the area
inside the cluster, the internal roads are kachha and narrow, which prevents any
vehicular movement inside the cluster. The internal lanes that connect the houses with
the tarred road are made of cement concrete. There are drains that run under the
tarred roads and CC lanes, and most of them have RCC slab covers.
Figure 19: Status of Roads

5.5.3 Water Supply
The cluster is served with public water supply network facilitated by the Kerala Water
Authority (KWA) and community taps are available in the cluster. The public taps get
water from the main pipeline which is 1 km away from the colony. There is also a tank
which supplies water to some parts of the colony. The quality of this water is saline
because of the geographical conditions of the region.
Sources of Water
2% 1%
5% Public Tap
Individual Tap
Hand Pump
32%
Private Well
60%
Water Tanker
Figure 20 : Different sources of water in the cluster
The water pipelines pass through canals and drains that carry highly contaminated
water containing human and other wastes. Breaking of pipes and mixing up of drinking
water with drainage is a common incident in this area. These cause contamination of
drinking water, giving rise to epidemics like cholera, jaundice etc.
The water is available only for 1-2 hours per day, which is not at all sufficient for the
households to meet their daily needs. The condition becomes worse in summer as they
face an acute shortage of water. The residents of the cluster have often complained
about the poor availability and quality of the water they receive.

Frequency of Water Distribution

<1 hour daily 1-2 hours daily >2 hours daily Once in a week
2%
18% 25%
55%
Figure 21: Frequency of water distribution in different areas of the cluster
Since the population of the cluster as a whole is 6671, and assuming the daily water
requirement of a person to be roughly 135 liters per head, the daily requirement of water
for the whole cluster would be, therefore, 900.58 KL (kilolitres).
5.5.4 Drainage and Waste Management
Drainage: The colony has a network of drains with covered slabs. However, these
drains are insufficient to carry the storm water during rainy season. The drains also have
problems like less width at some points, sharp turning etc which obstruct the free flow of
water.
Figure 22 : Sewage directly discharged to the canal

Sewage Disposal: There are some public toilets in the colony which have septic tanks.
But these are not well maintained. Most of the houses having their own toilets dispose
their sewage directly to the canal or through the drains. This causes extreme pollution of
ground and surface water and the surrounding environment.
Toilet System
Own Septic Tank / Flush
Latrine
21% Own Dry Latrine
39%
Shared Septic Tank /
9% Flush Latrine
Shared Dry Latrine
27% 4% Community Septic Tank /

Flush Latrine
Figure 23 : Toilet facilities of the cluster
Around 60% of the households do not have individual toilets, and depend on public
toilets. There are only around 10 public toilets in all three colonies combined, and most of
these are not properly functional. Only 2 public toilets have their own water tanks,
whereas the rest do not have storage facilities. The households dependent on these
toilets store water in containers outside the toilets. Due to lack of alternate options and
awareness, the people continue the use of unhygienic toilets in the area.
Figure 24 : Some of the public toilets within the cluster

Solid Waste Management: The Corporation has engaged employees to collect solid
waste from households every day. The collected wastes are transported to the central
treatment plant. But it is seen that the canal still has a lot of solid waste floating in it, like
plastic bottles, carry bags, fish and meat waste from the market etc.
5.5.5 Educational Facilities
The colonies of Thuruthy, Kalvathy and Konchery together contain 10 Anganwadis (pre-
primary schools / day care centres), a Government Lower Primary school, a Government
Higher Secondary school and a few Madrasas (Islamic teaching centres). To avail of
education beyond this level, the people will have to go to mainland Kochi.
5.5.5.1 Anganwadi:
There are altogether 10 Anganwadis, existing in 5 pairs, which offer pre-primary

education and child care to the children of the colony. Each of these pairs is in the form
of two small twin rooms, adjacent to each other, and function as two distinct units.
Figure 25 : An Anganwadi by the side of the canal
Although their standards of teaching and care are satisfactory, some of them are a little
weak infrastructure-wise. There is a pair of Anganwadis situated on the roadside
adjacent to the canal, and it has to be shifted to a safer location, since the present area
is not suitable for little children due to the risk in safety and health.

Lower Primary School:
The Government Lower Primary School, located at Kalvathy, offers primary education to
the children of the colony. It is located adjacent to the Higher Secondary School.
Figure 26: Govt. Lower Primary School, Kalvathy
The school has a vibrant atmosphere suited to the needs of the young children, and
places special emphasis on their cognitive development, as is evident from the student-
teacher interactions, the books, charts and magazines put up on display and the well-
illustrated classroom walls. Being a government school, the midday meal program is also
present in full swing and it is especially beneficial to the kids hailing from poor families.

Figure 27: Inside the classrooms

High School:
The Government Higher Secondary School, Kalvathy, was recently upgraded from its
High School status. The school has an active Parent Teacher Association and
competitive quality of teaching, and is comparable to the best of the government
schools in the city. The school has, among other things, a digital library, a computer lab
and midday meal facilities.
Figure 28 : High School building
However, the toilet blocks of the school need to be revamped, as they are in a bad
condition and are especially not suitable for women. The hand wash facilities also need
repair.
Figure 29 : The toilets and wash facilities in a state of disrepair

5.5.6 Health Facilities
The Government Taluk Headquarters Hospital is situated adjacent to the Kalvathy

colony, and is at a walkable distance from Thuruthy and Konchery as well. Although
falling under the colony premises, the hospital serves to cater to the whole of Fort Kochi
and not just the cluster.
Figure 30 : Hospital compound
The various departments of the hospital are scattered across its compound of 5 acres,
and some of them need more attention and improvements in infrastructure as well as
staffing. Nevertheless, the hospital can still function as a whole unit to meet the basic
requirements of the people. Some parts of the area occupied by the hospital fall under
the ‘Heritage Zone’ category and hence, they are protected and cannot be used for
any other acquisition or works.
Figure 31: Casualty Ward Figure 32 : General Ward

The hospital has a casualty ward, an Operation Theatre, labour room, general ward,
private rooms, children’s clinic, old age care centre, laboratories, pharmacy etc. The
administrative unit of the hospital is located opposite to the main block, and it also
contains a ward for private rooms attached to it.
Figure 33 : Inside the children's clinic
In spite of being a Government Taluk Hospital and meeting the basic healthcare needs
of the locals, the hospital still lacks totality and efficiency. For example, the operation
theatre is disjointed from the main hospital block, and patients who have to be taken to
the OT have to be moved on stretchers through the rough pavement outside. This is
especially hard for pregnant women or badly injured persons. Similarly, the patients and
hospital staff alike have to brave instances of bad weather during such transits, since the
path connecting the OT to the main block is not roofed and neither is there any
provision for vehicles (such as ambulance) to access the OT directly.
Figure 34: The old age care centre

A common problem echoed by all staff members of the hospital is the big gap in
manpower – doctors, nurses and other staff. The vacancies are not filled up and this
affects the functioning of the hospital, which, in turn, affects the locals who are
dependent on it.
Situated adjacent to the Taluk Hospital, within the same compound, is the Health
Inspector’s Office of the Corporation of Cochin. It is, however, in a very feeble state
infrastructure-wise and needs to be rebuilt.
Figure 35: The Health Inspector’s office adjacent to the Taluk Hospital
The inclusion of additional health facilities to supplement the Taluk Hospital and the
Health Inspector’s Office, would be highly beneficial to the people of the colony. These
facilities can be integrated into the building containing the Health Inspector’s Office,
when it is rebuilt.

5.5.7 Community and Social Infrastructure
Community Hall:
The P.A. Sayed Mohammed Memorial Community Hall at Kalvathy was recently
renovated to its present form, with modern infrastructure and state-of-the-art facilities.
Located near the Kalvathy LP School and HS School, at the heart of the colony, it now
serves as an efficient social convention centre for the residents of the colony.
Figure 36 : Community hall
Its facilities include a seating capacity of 1500, one mini hall (meant for parties,
receptions etc) and one main hall (for bigger events like weddings), podiums for
conducting events, adjoining dining spaces and furnishings, cooking and catering area,
separate washrooms for gents and ladies, adequate parking space, etc.
Figure 37: Interiors of the community hall

Figure 38 : Outdoor area of the community hall
Parks and Open Ground:
The cluster has a few parks and open grounds around it, of which Mehboob Park,
located at Konchery, is nearest. The total area of the park was about 2.5 acres. A
portion of this park (around 65 cents) at the Eastern end was utilized for rehabilitating 64
homeless families in the year 2005 under Urban Poverty Alleviation Scheme funded by
DFID. Another 40 cents were utilised to establish a Police Outpost for the area. The
remaining part of the park is maintained as an open park.
There are also a few open grounds near the colonies, where children engage in sports
and games.
Figure 39 : Mehboob Park

Police Outpost:
Figure 40 : The Janamaithri Police Station in Konchery
A ‘Janamathri’ Police Station was established at Konchery to check anti-social activities

in the colony and neighbouring areas. It was set up on the 40 cents of land borrowed
from Mehboob Park, which is adjacent to it. The presence of this outpost has been very
helpful to the residents of the colonies and has brought down the crime rate to a great
extent.
Market:
The present market, situated near the Rameswaram canal, is located almost centrally to
Thuruthy, Konchery and Kalvathy. Currently there are renovations going on for the
market, replacing the temporary, make-shift shops with an organized, concrete structure
of many shops adjacent to each other. However, the waste disposal is still a problem,
since most of the shop owners dump their waste, especially meat, to the canal and dirty
it, leading to pollution and foul smell.
Figure 41 : Market

5.6 Justification of the Project
To summarise the existing state of affairs in the colony, these are the issues faced by the
people on various levels:
Physical Conditions:
• A large number of houses are in dilapidated conditions, with a high density of

occupants in a single household
• Many houses are congested and clustered around each other, in narrow layouts,
with many of them inaccessible for vehicles.
• No proper drinking water supply in the area
• Poor drainage systems
• Narrow internal rods
• Lack of proper sanitation and waste management system
Social conditions:
• A large number of minorities, with religious and social restrictions, especially

among the women
• Very few have any proper work, and among them, most are employed as casual
labourers – in short, unstable economic and livelihood conditions.
• Lack of formal education and skills hinder them from finding better jobs.
Land Tenure Issues:
• Many of the households do not have proper documents to prove their legal
rights on the land on which they live. Hence they are hesitant to pool in their
possessed land for the project, fearing that they may lose their land for ever.
• Many households are occupied by landless people who are living in the current
houses on rent.
• There are cases where the owner of a house lets it out for a basic monthly
income and lives outside the colony in some other slum.
• The people are worried about the liquidity of their property in case they want to
sell it within a few years
Thus, an intervention like the one proposed in RAY becomes highly necessary for an area
like this. With the designs and proposals put forward in the project, there is a very good
chance of removing many of these disabilities and raise the living conditions of the
people in these slums to much better standards.




Chapter-6. PROJECT CONCEPT & SCOPE
6.1 Concept
From the various socio-economic and household surveys that were conducted in the
colony, we have arrived at an analysis of the existing conditions of the colony and figure
out the pros and cons of their situation. While they have to face a lot of disadvantages
due to their slum conditions and poor infrastructure, they also stand to have a few
advantages as well by virtue of their physical location and vast manpower potential.
The concept for the project was drawn by analyzing these conditions and coming up
with the most suitable and effective design solutions that will best benefit them.
6.1.1 Advantages:
• The colony is in close proximity to major tourism and trade centres like Fort Kochi
and Mattanchery. This provides immense scope for development and livelihood
opportunities.
• There are about 2000 women in the colony who are presently unemployed due
to their prevailing social restrictions, but who can work if they are provided with
sufficient opportunities within their locality.

6.1.2 Disadvantages:
• At present, the colony is isolated from the rest of the city, one of the major
reasons being the canal surrounding it and the lack of proper roads or bridges to
facilitate connectivity from either side. Hence, the connectivity of the cluster with
other areas has to be improved.
• A majority of the people in the colony belongs to backward sector and has a lot
of social and communal restrictions, especially among the women. These include
restrictions in going for work – they are hesitant to go for work outside their colony
and hence very few are employed. This severely affects their earning potential
and adds to their poverty.
• The houses are in poor conditions in terms of infrastructure, layout and physical
conditions. It is important to consolidate the houses and rearrange their patterns.
• The infrastructure and services of the community are also weak, like water supply,
sanitation, sewerage system etc.
• The general environmental and health conditions of the area are at great risk,
one of the most prominent reasons being injudicious use of the canal that
surrounds the colony. The people dispose their household wastes directly into the
canal, which causes pollution and, consequently, the spread of diseases. Hence,
it is important to provide an efficient system of waste disposal and sanitation.
• A vast number of beneficiaries are landless, who live in rented houses within the
colony and have to shift houses from time to time due to their instability.
• There are limited health services in the colony, with the only main centre being
the Government Taluk Hospital.
• There are no sufficient provisions in the colony for the locals to enhance their
knowledge and computer skills, which are vital for them to find job opportunities.
Such provisions have to be provided.
• Efficient utilization of open spaces and parks have to be brought about to

enhance the community life of the dwellers.
• Strategies have to be developed to tap the available local job opportunities, as

well as creation of other livelihood components that help the residents become
self-sustained, skilled and able to improve their standard of living.
Taking these aspects into consideration, the project proposals have been designed to
make the most out of their potential and to reduce the social and physical challenges
faced by them as much as possible.

6.2 Assessment & Design
6.2.1 Comprehensive Redevelopment
The design components for the rehabilitation of the project area have been proposed
considering its need for a comprehensive redevelopment – not just solving the problems
of housing, but also other aspects like transportation and connectivity, water supply,
waste management, educational facilities, physical fitness, livelihood components and
aesthetics, among others. This is a way to ensure that an important, government-funded,
large-scale rehabilitation project like RAY actually penetrates to the grassroots level to
assess the day-to-day problems and needs of the people and helps them in reaching a
comprehensive, all-round solution to combat them. It is a way of ensuring long-term
stability and growth, and not simply short-term results.
The situation at the site is such that it cannot be completely reconstructed or

redeveloped as a whole; instead, some aspects have to be retained and the rest
replaced or upgraded. This may be due to the prevailing physical or social conditions.
For example, in a patch of land, there might be many houses that are in good condition,
are structurally sound, and where the inmates belong to well-off families and have a
steady income. These households need not be part of the RAY initiative and are left as
such. On the other hand, many other houses in the same area could be in desperate
need of an intervention. Similarly, sensitive areas like mosques, heritage zones, cemetery
etc cannot be included in the project area for utilization under the scheme.
Accordingly, the rest of the land and infrastructure have been most efficiently used and
the best of efforts have been taken to come up with a comprehensive plan suiting the
requirements of the people.
Figure 42 : A RAY participant holding her name board

6.2.2 Connectivity – Bridges & Roads
For improving the connectivity of the colony, the main centres of the colony can be
connected to the neighbourhood with bridges and roads. This will facilitate more
passage of people and vehicles and thereby increase the visibility and exposure of the
area. It will also help in increased transportation and communication within and outside
the colony.
Figure 43: Location of the proposed bridges
6.2.3 Sanitation
The sanitation problems of the canal and the colony as a whole can be solved to a
great extent by taking care of the sanitation services of the entire colony. This is done by
providing total sanitation solutions for the whole colony. Individual waste disposal and
sanitation facilities for houses will also ensure that people don’t dispose wastes in the
canal anymore.

6.2.4 High-rise Buildings – for landless beneficiaries
The landless beneficiaries are provided housing in two blocks of G+11 housing. Those
who own land or houses are provided with redeveloped houses within the same
footprint.
Figure 44: Location of the proposed G+11 apartments for the landless
6.2.5 Livelihood facilities that suit the social conditions
Since the people face social restrictions in terms of work and lifestyle, we proposed to
create livelihood support activities within the colony itself. This way, even the women of
the community can easily go for work, learn new skills, and earn their own income,
thereby becoming capable of supporting themselves and their families. The livelihood
activities shall be facilitated in the ground floor and eleventh floor of each of the
proposed G+11 multi-family housing units, with the help of the members of
Kudumbashree (the State Poverty Eradication Mission of Kerala).

6.2.6 Meeting O&M costs using livelihood facilities
The operation and maintenance costs of the services of the G+11 buildings shall be met
by the margin raised from the livelihood activities in the buildings. This can reduce a lot
of burden from the beneficiaries and the governing bodies. Many other social and
physical infrastructures have been proposed for the project.
Figure 45: Location of the proposed livelihood support centres

6.3 Scope of the Project
Based on the various surveys conducted, such as household surveys and socio-
economic surveys, the problems faced by the residents of the cluster were thoroughly
analysed and these were used to zero upon the design proposals to be brought about
for the project. Here, the proposed components have been broadly classified under
‘Housing’ and ‘Infrastructure’. The components under Housing are:
i. Individual Housing (83 housing units)
ii. Duplex row housing (180 housing units)
iii. Multi-family multistoreyed housing – in one G+2 block (6 housing units in total) and
two G+11 blocks (398 housing units in total)
iv. Upgradation of existing houses (for 88 housing units)
Figure 46 : Proposed housing type
The components under Infrastructure are:
• Roads and Pavements – widths of 5m, 3m and 1.5m
• Bridges – at two locations in the cluster
• Drains – of three types, for collecting gray water and black water
• Water supply – including plumbing, rainwater harvesting and water tank building
• Sanitation & Waste management
• Fire fighting system – for the whole colony and for the G+11 housing units
• A building for containing an Anganwadi and a Library-cum-Computer centre
• Landscaping
• Livelihood components (at multiple locations) – introducing provisions for

livelihood support programs that will help create jobs for the people and develop
their skills, thereby helping them earn their own income and become self-
sufficient.

6.4 Approach and Methodology
Creation of a Slum Redevelopment Plan is based on:
• Survey of all slums – notified and non-notified
• Database creation of slums using geo-spatial technologies
• Integration of spatial and socio-economic data
• Identification of redevelopment model for the slum
6.4.1 Survey
An initial socio-economic survey was conducted by Kudumbashree (the State Poverty

Eradication Mission of Kerala) with our assistance. In the survey, each household of the
cluster was visited and data were collected on population and its density, communities
and their relationships, education, occupations, health conditions, medical facilities etc.
The conditions of the dwelling units were also evaluated during the visits.
Socio-economic survey captures the details of slums and slum households in various slum
pockets – land status, demographic profile, housing status, economic status,
occupational status, access to infrastructure, household level information etc.
The bio-metric survey captures the unique bio-identification marks for the head of the
household and other members. This will be subject to the guidelines issued by Unique
Identity Authority of India (UIDAI).
6.4.2 Data Entry, Compilation & Analysis
The surveys are followed by data entry, data compilation, collation and analysis
processes for all the information generated in the slum surveys, and they are entered
into a MIS format based on national guidelines/software developed by the Ministry of
Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation.
6.4.3 Land Mapping
Land ownership/legal title may not belong to a single entity for the entire slum pocket or
parcel of vacant lands. Therefore, mapping the land ownership titles/land tenure status
for parcels of land within the demarcated slum area and vacant lands identified is
necessary. This involves collecting information on land ownership details and plot
boundaries from land revenue/municipal records for the entire slum pocket and vacant
lands.

6.4.4 Integration of Data & Formulation of Plan
The data collected through surveys and various other sources are integrated to enable
data analysis using different parameters for the preparation of Slum-free City Plans.
Community Participation
Before coming up with any decision or proposal regarding the slum rehabilitation and
infrastructure improvement, it was first seen to that the community was also involved at
each and every step of the process. Around 50 people representing the residents of the
area were made part of regular discussions conducted in the area, which aimed at
promoting awareness to the residents about the project, the benefits they would gain,
the resources required and so on. Their suggestions were also sought for shaping up the
proposals. This ensures that the people living in the community are not only well aware of
the changes about to take place with themselves and their surroundings, but can also
play an active part in the same, and will be more aware of their responsibilities.
As far as possible, the manpower required for construction and other activities related to
the project can also be partly acquired by involving the people of the slum area, who
are mostly unemployed or engaged in unsteady jobs. This can ensure their employment
at least for a period of time, besides imparting to them training in the field which would
be beneficial for them for finding other jobs.
Figure 47 : Interaction with the RAY participants

6.5 Challenges
Even while studying the problems of an underprivileged area or community, analyzing

their situations and coming up with solutions to rehabilitate them, there are still bound to
be a few challenges that may hinder the smooth execution of the plan.
The problems could be in the form of the topography or land constraints, dealing with
social norms and managing the demands of the residents, feasibility or practicality of
the plan etc.
Some of the challenges faced were:
6.5.1 Conducting the Survey
The initial part of the study, i.e. the surveys had to be monitored and analysed carefully
and even done multiple times in order to ensure accuracy of the information provided
by the residents of the colony. Details like names, photos, jobs, income and ownership
details do not always tally with previously taken records of the colony, and hence had to
be rechecked and redone. New details have to be furnished, in case of changes in the
number of residents. Similarly, details regarding the number, location etc of schools,
market, community hall and other such features have to be furnished.
6.5.2 Consent of Beneficiaries
It was a challenge to get a majority support from the beneficiaries in order to proceed
with the project. It is essential that the slum-dwellers get to know and are well aware of
the developments that are about to take place with and around them, however
uneducated they may be, and to have their consent and active participation for the
program.
Many who owned plots in the colony were unwilling to give them up for a group housing
project, as land is always an asset and can fetch them a good amount upon selling later
on. Similarly, many people were hesitant on agreeing to the idea as they suspected that
they will lose their houses forever by handing them over to strangers.

6.5.3 Unsuitable Physical Conditions
Carrying out a large-scale redevelopment project requires a horde of features to be in

its favour, like water, sufficient land area, power etc. The problems that we have
encountered here are:
• The quantity and quality of water available in the region is not good enough for
construction
• No proper drinking water facility
• Requirement of good and continuous supply of power, which isn’t available
• In many houses, their floor level is below the ground level, which poses problems
during rains and floods. Keeping this in mind, the floor level has to be raised
above the ground level.
• As a comprehensive housing plan, it is mandatory to bring out an effective

solution to the existing problem sewage treatment, through the construction of
STPs and by improving the drainage system. For building STPs, additional land has
to be found apart from the ones that are already being considered for housing.
6.5.4 Land acquisition
According to our objectives, we have to provide new or improved housing to all the
eligible slum-dwellers of the colony, which total up to 755 families. However, in order to
effectively execute the plan without compromising on the quality and requirements of
the housing and infrastructure scheme, we need more land than what is currently
available. In the absence of such an important factor, we will have to compromise on
the usage of the available land, which may not be otherwise considered or favoured,
such as using parts of the public park for construction purposes, or bringing in high rises
which are uncharacteristic of the area, and so on. These measures have to be taken so
that maximum number of people can be accommodated and benefitted from this
project.




Chapter-7. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND PLANNING
7.1 Slum Survey
Figure 48: An aerial view of the area
7.1.1 Socio- Economic survey & Livelihood Survey
Socio-Economic and Livelihood Surveys were conducted in the colonies following the
pre-survey meetings, which could be initiated with the help of community members who
were actively involved in Kudumbashree NHG groups. A unique identity number is
designated for each household. The list of beneficiaries is also discussed in the cluster
meetings to ensure the quality and correctness of data. Photographs of each
household and its head have been taken to avoid duplication and errors in data.

7.1.1.1 Primary Occupation
A large number of people in the colony are engaged in unsteady jobs. Around 97% of
the people earn their livelihoods through unskilled labour, 1% through skilled labour and
2% through other professions.
Figure 49: Primary Occupation
7.1.1.2 Duration of Work
As mentioned, the people depend on unskilled labour and seasonal employment for
work. Around 51% people work only half the day, 31% work full days and 5% have work
for just a quarter of a year.
Figure 50: Duration of work

7.1.1.3 Employment Status
In the cluster, 88% of the people are casual labourers, whereas only 3% are salaried.
Around 8% of the people are self-employed and just 1% earn regular wages.
Employment Status
casual labour self-employed salaried regular wage
8%
3%
1%
88%
Figure 51: Employment Status
7.1.1.4 Monthly Earnings
In total, 74% of the earning members earn wages only below Rs.3000, whereas only 26%
of the workers earn more than Rs.3000.
Figure 52 : Monthly Wages

7.1.1.5 Distance to Place of Work
A majority of the people (39%) has to travel around 2km to 5km to get to their place of
work. Around 9% have to travel more than 5km. Only about 17% get work within the
slum.
Figure 53 : Distance to place of work
7.1.1.6 Number of Earning Members
Working women are a rarity in the colony: out of the 2296 women, only around 1% (23)
go to work. Among men, out of 1922 members, only around 50% (963) have any regular
employment.
Figure 54 : Working Population

7.1.1.7 Ages of income-generating members
The number of earning members is maximum in the 30-44 age group, followed by 20-29
and 45-59. In some families, even minors (14-19 age group) are forced to go to work in
order to support themselves.
Figure 55 : Age of working members
7.1.1.8 Occupation-wise details
A vast majority of the people in the cluster (92%) work as casual labourers. Many are
engaged in seasonal jobs. Around 3% work as hawkers or street vendors. The rest are
engaged in other professions.
Figure 56: Occupation-wise details


Figure 57 : Existing features


Figure 58 : Proposed Housing components


Figure 59 : Proposed Infrastructure components


7.1.2 Physical Survey
Total Station Survey
The house footprints and infrastructure details were taken with the help of Total Station
Survey. The levels of the streets were also taken to design and detail the services like
water supply, drainage etc.
Soil Test
The bearing capacity of the soil was assessed with the help of a soil investigation
conducted at the site by Government Engineering College, Thrissur. Four boreholes were
taken, three at the site of the G+11 building and one at the site of the water tank. It was
found that the soil is clay upto 45m from the ground level, except a thin layer of sand at
about 7.5m. N value more than 50 was obtained at depths more than 45m. the soil test
report along with recommendations for foundations was issued by Government
Engineering College, Thrissur and it was used for the foundation and structural design of
G+11 buildings, water tank and other structures.
7.1.2.1 Housing and Layout
The houses are laid out in a haphazard manner, in non-uniform plots and with no proper
layout. Their sizes also vary unevenly from plot to plot, hence rendering most of the
houses inaccessible and unnoticeable – it is practically impossible to reach many of the
houses in the clusters by vehicle. Most of the houses are kachha houses, and there are
very few pucca houses for the people to live in.
Slum-wise Distribution of Houses
17%
Thuruthy
54% Kalvathy
29%
Konchery
Figure 60 : Slum wise distribution of houses

Types of Houses
43% 41% Kachha

Semi-pucca
Pucca
16%
Figure 61 : Physical condition of houses
Most of the houses are thatched with tar sheets, asbestos sheets or MP tiles except a few
houses that are roofed with RCC slabs. The people live in a crowded environment, with
too many people crammed into the small confines of each house. Often, many
extended families live in houses that are normally meant for a single family. For many
houses, the floor level is below road level, which leads to flooding during the rainy
season.
Roof types
cement / slab tarpaulin grass / thatched other asbestos tiled
20%
2%
1%
48% 1%
28%
Figure 62: Roof types of houses

7.1.2.2 Accessibility and Road Network
The occupants have to walk a distance of about 0.40 km - 1.25 km to reach the various
locations of the colony. The canal which surrounds the Thuruthy colony separates it from
the rest of the Fort Kochi area. Though there are a few bridges across the canal, they
are not motorable. The canal, which could have been accessed by water, is not being
used for the purpose because there are pipelines which cross the canal at surface level
and the bridges do not have sufficient height to facilitate the movement of boats. The
bad quality of water and the garbage thrown into the water makes water transport
impossible.
The approach roads to the colony are generally tarred, with an average width of 3.0 m -
5.0 m, while the internal roads within the cluster are very narrow. For most of the area
inside the cluster, the internal roads are kachha and narrow, which prevents any
vehicular movement inside the cluster. The internal lanes that connect the houses with
the tarred road are made of cement concrete. There are drains that run under the
tarred roads and CC lanes, and most of them have RCC slab covers.
Condition of Internal Roads
14%
Motorable Pucca
15%
64% 7% Motorable Kachha
Non-motorable Pucca
Non-motorable Kachha
Figure 63: Status of Roads

7.1.2.3 Water Supply
The cluster is served with public water supply network facilitated by the Kerala Water
Authority (KWA). Many people depend on community taps and hand pumps. The public
taps get water from the main pipeline which is 1 km away from the colony. Private wells
and water tanks are few in the colony.
Figure 64: Different sources of water in the cluster
The frequency of water distribution is very scarce in the colony. For the most part, water
is available only for 1-2 hours per day, causing acute shortage to the households in
meeting their daily needs.
Frequency of Water Distribution

<1 hour daily 1-2 hours daily >2 hours daily Once in a week
2%
18% 25%
55%
Figure 65: Frequency of water distribution in different areas of the cluster

7.1.2.4 Drainage and Waste Management
Drainage:
The colony has a network of drains with covered slabs. However, these drains are
insufficient to carry the storm water during rainy season. The drains also have problems
like less width at some points, sharp turning etc which obstruct the free flow of water.
Sewage Disposal:
There are some public toilets in the colony which have septic tanks. But these are not
well maintained. Most of the houses having their own toilets dispose their sewage
directly to the canal or through the drains. This causes extreme pollution of ground and
surface water and the surrounding environment.
Solid Waste Management:

The Corporation has engaged employees to collect solid waste from households every
day. The collected wastes are transported to the central treatment plant. But it is seen
that the canal still has a lot of solid waste floating in it, like plastic bottles, carry bags, fish
and meat waste from the market etc.

7.1.2.5 Toilet System
Figure 66 : Public Toilets
Around 60% of the households do not have individual toilets, and depend on public
toilets. There are only around 10 public toilets in all three colonies combined, and most of
these are not properly functional. Only 2 public toilets have their own water tanks,
whereas the rest do not have storage facilities. The households dependent on these
toilets store water in containers outside the toilets. Due to lack of alternate options and
awareness, the people continue the use of unhygienic toilets in the area.
Toilet System
Own septic tank /
flush latrine
21% Own dry latrine
39%
Shared septic tank /
9% flush latrine
Shared dry latrine
27% 4%
Community septic
tank / flush latrine
Figure 67: Toilet Facilities of the Cluster

7.1.3 Validation of data by competent authority
The data collected through the different surveys are analysed and consolidated, and
are delineated into appropriate representations, such as graphs, tables, charts etc. This is
done by the RAY cell constituted for the ULB and by the Kudumbashree, who validate
the data and then upload them to their website.
7.1.4 Beneficiaries identification through UIDAI
All the beneficiaries have been identified through any of the recognised ID provisions –
UIDAI (Aadhar card) or by Ration cards, for those who haven’t received their Aadhar
cards yet.
This is to ensure complete accuracy throughout the pre-survey and post-survey

processes, and to avoid duplication. The beneficiaries are henceforth identified through
these unique IDs or numbers provided to them, till the completion of the project.

7.2 Community Participation
7.2.1 Focus Group Discussions
Community participation and accountability are inevitable for the success of any
developmental scheme. For the success of any community development project the
community must have a chance to be active participants in planning and
implementation and should be empowered to maintain assets.
In RAY, active community participation is vital in all phases of the project including pre-
survey, preparation of slum redevelopment plan micro-planning, implementation of slum
redevelopment plan and operation and maintenance plan of the created assets. To
build community assets and ownership, a participatory approach should be initiated
right from the beginning. In this context, consultative meetings and participatory
approach should be initiated right from the beginning. In line with the GoI guidelines on
Community Participation, a meeting calendar has been prepared at the State level
illustrating the participatory sessions and meetings to be held at the cluster level during
various stages of the project. Accordingly, community meetings were held in the cluster
during pre-survey, survey, data dissemination, micro planning and plan finalization
stages. Various other meetings also were held at different level towards ensuring
community participation. A 36-member CDC has been constituted in the cluster to
anchor the project implementation in the cluster. Kudumbashree community network
has been actively involved in the process.
Figure 68: During one of the community meeting sessions

7.2.1.1 Cluster Level Meetings
Cluster level meetings have been an integral part of the community participation
aspect. Through these meetings, the community was made aware of the objectives of
the project, a concise idea of the housing and infrastructure components to be
implemented etc. Apart from these, various interactive discussions were conducted in
order to get their ideas and feedback, and to make necessary changes, wherever
applicable. The design development was, thus, conducted in a completely transparent
and participative manner with the approval of the beneficiaries.
The following meetings were held at cluster level:
• Cluster level sensitization by key persons to be done in the pre-survey phase
• Cluster level meetings in the survey phase
• Dissemination of MIS& GIS data & for data validation
• Meeting in SFCPoA stage
• Micro-planning
• Cluster level plan finalization
• Cluster level meeting in the pre-implementation phase (after plan approval by

GoI)
• Implementation and post implementation phase meetings should be properly

documented photographs, attendance, agenda and meeting minutes should
be maintained.
7.2.1.2 Cluster Development Meetings
A series of meetings and participatory sessions were held in the cluster towards ensuring
community participation. Kudumbashree members were identified from the cluster for
Socio-Economic Survey to ensure community involvement, transparency and
correctness of data. Altogether, 19 cluster meetings were conducted at different levels.
Figure 69 : During cluster development meeting

7.2.1.3 Cluster Development Committee (CDC)
An active Cluster Development Committee (CDC) has been constituted in the cluster
with the following objectives:
• Ensure Community participation
• Develop ownership
• Transparency
• Develop a system for Community Monitoring
About 20-30 households are grouped as one unit and 2 representatives are selected
from each group (1 male & 1 female). Female should be an NHG member/NHG family
member). These representatives form a CDC of that cluster. In the project area, the
entire households were divided into 18 groups and a 36 membered CDC has been
constituted consisting of representatives from these groups. Two conveners (1 male & 1
female) have been selected for the CDC.
Figure 70: Cluster Development Committee
CDC is taking a lead role in:
• Ensuring community participation
• Instilling collectiveness
• Ensure acceptance for the project.
• Conflict resolution
• Organising cluster meetings in different stages of project
• Documentation of cluster meetings
• Planning & coordinating various social development activities on the basis of

local needs.

Active involvement of NHG members were ensured in all CDC meetings.
One to one interactions and focused group discussions were conducted with the
families residing in the cluster. The community members, with the support of the
technical team, reviewed detailed analyses of their existing conditions and also
suggested solutions.
Figure 71 : community interaction
7.2.2 Beneficiaries’ Consent
Numerous meetings were held in order to familiarize the beneficiaries with the proposed
designs and the plausible physical and infrastructural changes to the colony that the
community shall witness once the project is implemented. The consent and approval of
the beneficiaries had to be gained in order to proceed with any further developments
and hence, various awareness and sensitization sessions were held during these
meetings and their feedbacks sought.
Figure 72 : Community interaction

7.2.2.1 Cluster-level Sensitization Meeting
Series of meetings were organized during this phase. The main purpose of the meetings
were to disseminate the objective of the program, role of the community, reason for
community involvement and purpose of Socio Economic survey. The meetings were
attended by the Ward Councillor, religious leaders, local leaders, CLTC team members
etc. The meetings were held on 10.02.2012, 14.02.2012 and 22.02.2012 respectively.
7.2.3 Community Involvement
7.2.3.1 Socio-economic Survey
The pre-survey meetings were followed by the Socio-Economic survey which could be
initiated with the help of community members who were actively involved in
Kudumbashree NHG groups. A unique identity number is designated for each
household. The list of beneficiaries is also discussed in the cluster meetings to ensure the
quality and correctness of data. Photographs of each household and its head have
been taken to avoid duplication and errors in data.
Figure 73 : A RAY beneficiary
7.2.3.2 Dissemination of Data to the Community:
The Socio–Economic survey data were shared with the community to get their approval.
CLTC members and members of the project consultants have conducted cross-
checking in the slums to ensure the validity of the data. Cluster meetings were
conducted for sharing the information acquired through socio-economic survey to
ensure that no eligible household is left out and that the data collected is accurate.

7.2.3.3 Plan Finalisation
The draft DPR was presented before the community in order to get their acceptance.
Suggestions raised by the community during the meetings were included in accordance
with the suitability. The plan was approved by more than 80% of the community. We
have conducted three cluster meetings as part of plan finalization.
All the meetings were properly documented. Minutes are maintained by the CDC.
Figure 74: Cluster level meetings

7.2.4 Beneficiaries’ Contribution & Mobilization
7.2.4.1 Inputs Provided by the Stakeholders
The community members were actively involved in participating in discussions and

contributing towards design suggestions. Some of the major issues that they had
identified about their colony that needed interventions were:
• Cleaning the Canal: Toilet waste is being dumped into the canal. This should be
prevented and the surrounding canal must be maintained clean. The community
has suggested pedal boat services in the canal to attract tourists.
• Open defecation: Identified as a major problem. Toilet construction and proper

drainage facility should be given top priority.
• Aid for livelihood activities: Unemployment is prevalent among the members of

the community, especially among the women. Livelihood support is required
especially for the women. It was suggested by community members that they
can start “Evening Food Cafes” beside the canal if it is cleaned and properly
maintained.
• Quality of Construction: The community was very much particular about the
quality of construction and was keen to know about the kind of houses and
infrastructure that they will be provided.
• Operation and Maintenance: The community has entrusted the CDC to maintain
the community assets and take care of their operation and maintenance.
7.2.4.2 Kudumbashree network in the cluster
Kudumbashree activities are very strong in the community. All the meetings conducted
in the community were coordinated by Kudumbashree. There are 36 Neighbourhood
Groups (NHG) and 1 Area Development Society (ADS) functioning in this area.
Altogether there are 730 members in Kudumbashree. A meeting of presidents of NHG
was conducted in the cluster to ensure their participation.

7.2.4.3 Other initiatives in the community
On December 18th 2012, a cancer detection camp was organized in association with
Taluk Headquarters hospital Fort Kochi, National Rural Health Mission, Global Service
Society at community Kalvathy community hall.
7.2.4.4 Community involvement in future
Involvement of the community is vital during both the implementation phase and the
post-implementation phases.
Social Audit:
Social audit is the process for assessing the social effects of the projects in different level
and it is necessary part to analysis the quality. Social Audit committee will do the process
with help of CDC.
Operation and Maintenance of Created Assets:
Community assets will be maintained by the ULB for 5 years and after that Operation
and Maintenance of created assets will be the responsibility of Cluster Development
Committees.
Collection and Deposit of Beneficiary Contribution:
CDC will monitor the collection and deposit the same in account. Linkage with bank
and other financial institution is also monitor by the same community structures.
Sales and Marketing of Livelihood Products:
NHG CDC can help the livelihood activities especially in sales and marketing of the
products which made by the community members.

7.2.4.5 Social Security Measures
The welfare of the society is the wellbeing of its members. A society that performs well in
every sector has to take care of the health and lives of every class and section of the
community. Kerala is known for the welfare measures it has taken for the people of the
state and is considered a welfare state. The state has initiated many social security
schemes for the poor and the needy as the concept of a welfare state pre-supposes
careful planning and effective implementation of welfare services for the weaker
sections of the community. The Social Welfare Services intend to provide needed care
and protection and such other services to the women, children, physically and mentally
challenged, destitute, orphans, aged, infirm etc. It is necessary in the modern age that
the society needs to be approached in a holistic manner with remedies for the illnesses
at the core level. Instead of encouraging the self-centric attitude, a philanthropic
attitude should be promoted among the members of the society towards the poor and
the needy. The main social security measures are provided to the urban poor in Kerala
described below.
Pensions
Indira Gandhi national old age pension (Rs 400 to Rs 500); Indira Gandhi national old
age pension for those above 80 years of age (Rs 900 to Rs 1,100); and kidney patients
belonging to the BPL category requiring permanent dialysis support (Rs 525 to Rs 900).
Unorganised labour pension (Rs 400 t Rs 500); tree climbers (Rs 400 to Rs 500); marriage
assistance for widow’s daughter (one-off, Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000); assistance to
tuberculosis patients (monthly, Rs 525 to Rs 800); and cancer patients (Rs 525 to Rs 800).
Monthly grant to residents of orphanages, old age homes, destitute and differently-
abled: (Rs 525 to Rs 700); Food allowance for students in Government-aided schools for
hearing and sight-impaired: (Rs 750 to Rs 900).
Health insurance – CHIAK
Comprehensive Health Insurance Agency of Kerala, shortly called Chiak, is the Nodal
Agency constituted for the implementation of the RSBY-CHIS health insurance schemes
in Kerala. It is a society registered in accordance with the provisions of the Travancore
Cochin Literary Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955. The chief aims
of Chiak are:
° to provide health insurance cover to the workers and their families in the
unorganized sector under the ‘Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana’(RSBY)
announced by the Central Government;

° to provide health insurance cover to all sections of the society under the
‘Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme’(CHIS) announced by the State
Government.
° to identify, formulate, implement and support implementation of all projects

aimed at the welfare of workers in Kerala;
° to identify and negotiate with consultants of repute for implementation of any

project of the Central Government or the State Government towards minimizing
heavy expenditure on medical care and hospitalization of the citizens which is a
major insecurity leading to their poverty;
° to provide technical, financial or other assistance for the formulation of

programmes meant for social security to workers;
° to co-ordinate with various Departments and agencies of the Central or State

Government, Financial Institutions, Health Insurance Providers, Health Service
Providers, Cooperatives or Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) for
implementation of any project meant for the welfare of workers;
° to undertake or sponsor training programmes, seminars, workshops etc to create

awareness of the various schemes available to the community; and
° to do such other things as may be incidental or conducive to the attainment of

the above objects.
Cancer Suraksha
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in Kerala. Among children, though many
types of cancer are curable today, the treatment is often prolonged and expensive. The
patients and their families therefore face a dilemma -- the painful choice of cost versus
care. Several families abandon treatment mid way, which also contributes to the high
mortality rate. As per the estimate of Regional Cancer Centre,
Thiruvananthapuram, there are 800-850 new pediatric cancer patients every year.
Realising that cancer is curable among children and that there is an urgent need to
support families which are `too poor to afford treatment’; the Government of Kerala has
introduced the Cancer Suraksha Scheme on 1-11-2008. Under this scheme, children,
under 18 years, would be given free treatment for cancer through designated
Government hospitals in the state.
The entire cost of treatment, including the cost of investigations, would be borne by the
hospitals through the funds provided by the Mission. The ceiling of expenditure per child
would be initially Rs 50,000. However, the hospital can incur additional expenditure,
based on the report of the committee comprising of the Oncologist/treating doctor,
Head of the Radiology Department and the Superintendent, subject to ratification by
the Mission.

Ashraya project
The Ashraya was introduced in 2001 as ‘destitute Identification, Rehabilitation and

Monitoring Programme’, supported by State Government through Kudumbashree.
Risk factors used for the identification of Ashraya beneficiaries:
First level identification risk factors Aggravating risk factors
1. Landless Squatter
2. Houseless Sleeping in public areas
Family headed by widow/abandoned

3. Without access to drinking water
woman/unwed mothers living in distress
4. Without access to toilet Incurable disease
5. Woman headed Beggars
6. Unemployed Female victims of atrocities/trafficking
7. Belonging to SC/ST No bread winner
8. Physically/mentally challenged
person (at least one member)
9. Illiterate adult member (at least

one member)
From the above table any family that satisfies at least 7 conditions from the first column
and one additional form second column the Aggravating risk factors will be considered
as Ashraya Beneficiary.
The individual needs of the family are identified through a participatory need
assessment, involving the CBO members and the elected representatives. The project
envisaged to address the various deprivations faced by the destitute families such as
lack of food, health problems including chronic illness, treatment for life threatening
diseases, pension, educational facilities to children, land for home, shelter and shelter up
gradation, drinking water, safe sanitation facilities, skill development, employment
opportunities, etc. Comprehensive project proposals are prepared wherein the needs of
each beneficiary are addressed. Besides the Plan fund of the LSGIs and the Rs.15 Lakh
provided under the Challenge fund from Kudumbashree, the LSGIs have to mobilize

funds from other sources including contributions from individuals and donors. Projects are
implemented with utmost public participation.
Karunya deposit schemes
The scheme is intended to raise resources for the medical and educational support of
physically or mentally challenged children attending special schools or who are inmates
of orphanages/ institutions etc. The aim is to attract depositors who are willing to deposit
sums of at least Rs. 1 lakh or its multiples. The money raised would be deposited in the
state treasury for one year and is renewable on annual basis. The incentive of 15 % paid
by the government will be used by the Mission for meeting the special requirements of
these children.
The depositor would have the option to select the child, orphanage or special school,
area etc or to leave the further selection of the beneficiary to the Head of the
orphanage/special school or to the Mission.
Aswasa Kiranam Scheme
Aswasa Kiranam Scheme envisages assisting the care givers of physically and mentally
disabled bed-ridden patients, who are family members or relatives of the bedridden
patients, as these caregivers are not in a position to take up employment for self
sustenance. The scheme intends to provide a monthly assistance of Rs.400/- to care
givers of bed-ridden patients.
Thalolam Scheme
Thalolam” intended to provide free treatment to children below the age of 18, who are
suffering from Kidney diseases, Cardiovascular diseases, Cerebral palsy, Haemophilia,
Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia, Orthopaedic deformities and other Neuro-
Developmental Disabilities, Congenital anomalies ( Endosulphan victims) and accident
cases which needs surgery.The scheme has come into effect from 01-01-2010 onwards.
A patient will be eligible for an initial assistance of Rs.50,000/- only under this scheme.
Additional financial assistance can be met based on the decision of the Superintendent,
Head of the concerned Department of Speciality and Head of Radiotherapy
Department. Such cases should be brought before the Executive Committee of Kerala
Social Security Mission with justification for enhanced costs for ratification.

7.3 Provision of Housing
7.3.1 Planning and Design of Buildings
Different housing types and designs have been proposed based on the needs and
current situations of the people.
A. New in-situ Housing:
• Type I: Individual Housing – For those who own houses which are of unsound and
inferior quality, or which are in improper layout, affecting their surrounding
infrastructure
• Type II: Duplex Row Housing – For those who live in row houses, but where the
housing layouts have to be rearranged
• Type III: Multi-family G+2 Housing – For those who don’t own any land or houses
• Type IV: Multi-family G+11 Housing – Similar to G+2 housing, meant for the
landless/homeless
B. Upgradation: For those who own houses which are in sufficiently good conditions, but
where minor improvements and upgradations have to be made to their toilets, kitchen
etc.
Figure 75: A model layout representing some of the proposed components

7.3.1.1 Type I – Individual Housing
Individual houses are proposed to replace those houses which are of unsound
conditions or in irregular and improper layout. Individual houses will be built only for those
who already own land or house. The number of new houses proposed is 83. Each
housing unit will have a plinth area of 30 m2 (322 sq. ft.) and carpet area of 25.76 m2 (277
sq. ft.).
Figure 76: View of individual housing unit
Each individual housing unit shall comprise of a living room, a bedroom, a kitchen, an
open work area, water closet, bathroom and a sit-out at the entrance. The unit design
and area comply with the National Building Rules.

Figure 77: Individual Housing - Unit Details

Figure 78: Individual House – Elevation
Figure 79: Individual House – Section
[For more drawings and details, refer Volume II]

7.3.1.2 Type II – Row Housing
Renovated row houses are to be built on the location of those existing row houses which
are present in a haphazard, disorganized manner in different plot sizes. There may be 3 -
5 housing units per block, and in total, 180 housing units are proposed.
These duplex row houses shall have a living room, kitchen and toilet in the ground floor
and a bedroom on the first floor. There is an internal stair to access the first floor. The
remaining area on the first floor is meant to be a terrace or open area for the occupants
of the house, but they can also build another room in its place if they wish so later on.
These row houses would have 30.91 m2 of plinth area and 25.39 m2 of carpet area (per
house).
Figure 80: A view of the proposed duplex row housing

Figure 81: Row Housing – Ground Floor Plan
Figure 82: Row Housing - First Floor Plan

Figure 83: Row Housing - Elevation
Figure 84: Row Housing - Section

Unit Details:
Figure 85: Row Housing – Unit Details

7.3.1.3 Type III – Multi-family G+2 Housing
The G+2 multi-family housing unit is meant for those who own neither land nor home.
Located near the Taluk Hospital, these are 6 apartments on a single G+2 block, with two
units in each floor. Each apartment will have 28.91 m2 of plinth area and 25.03 m2 of
carpet area excluding common areas.
Figure 86: A view of the G+2 multi-family housing unit

Figure 87: G+2 - Typical Floor Plan


7.3.1.4 Type IV – Multi-family G+11 Housing
The two G+11 multi-storey housing units are meant for the landless and homeless. They
will be built as twin structures in the Mehboob Park compound in the colony, with one of
them replacing an existing G+1 housing unit (which lies adjacent to the park). Overall,
each of the two twelve-storeyed (G+11) towers shall contain the following components:
residential units (199 in each), livelihood support centres in the ground floor and eleventh
floor, stairs, elevators, service rooms (electrical room, pump room etc), office room,
terrace, common areas and parking. Each apartment will have 30.25 m2 of plinth area
and 25.98 m2 of carpet area.
The livelihood support units in the G+11 towers can be leased out for the benefit of the
people of the colony, who can utilize these units as shops or outlets for selling their work.
Leasing out the units can help earn revenues for supporting the operation and
maintenance costs of the buildings. The presence of these units can also help increase
the visibility of the area, attracting more people towards the colonies.
Figure 88: G+11 twin housing units – model

Figure 89: G+11 units - Top View

Details of the G+11 units:
• Residential units: 19 units in the 1st floor and 20 units each from 2nd floor to 10th
floor
• Livelihood support centres - Ground floor & Eleventh floor: These are meant to
help the residents become self-sufficient and earn their own income, by taking
up livelihood support acivities such as handicrafts, tailoring, food preparation
and processing, laundry etc. Kudumbashree, the women-centred State
Eradication Mission of Kerala, has agreed to lend their support and services to
train the people towards this end.
• Ground floor: Half of the Ground Floor is meant for Parking. The other half, which
is a built-up area, shall be used for providing livelihood support centres, an
anganwadi, electrical room, pump room, and toilets.
• Office room: Meant to serve as the functioning space of the residents’

association and related activities
• Terrace: The terrace area is roofed and shall contain three overhead tanks
(OHTs).
• Elevators: Three elevators – Two with capacity for 16 passengers, the other for 10
passengers.
• Electrification: Provision for electricity for the entire building
• Fire fighting system: Fire fighting facility for the building with provision for fire
hydrant system, fire alarm system and fire extinguishers
• Water supply: Two underground sump tanks, three overhead tanks in the terrace
and plumbing system for the entire building shall be provided. Out of the 3 OHTs,
two are meant for storing and distributing water, and the other for rainwater
harvesting and fire fighting.

Figure 90: Ground Floor - Plan & Area

Figure 91: First Floor - Plan & Area

Figure 92: Typical Floor - Plan & Area

Figure 93: Eleventh Floor (livelihood space) - Plan & Area

Figure 94: Terrace – Plan

Figure 95: G+11 - Elevation

Figure 96: Furniture Layout - areas & dimensions

7.3.1.5 Upgradation
For those who own houses, but which are in unsound or dilapidated conditions,
upgradation works shall be done so as to make them livable and devoid of slum
characteristics. The upgradation works mainly consist of provisions for toilet, kitchen or
both, as per requirement. The cost of upgradation falls within the range of 1.5 - 2.5 lakhs
on an average.
The estimates have been prepared according to 3 different types of upgradation,

namely:
i. Kitchen addition
ii. Toilet addition
iii. Kitchen + Toilet addition
7.3.2 Disaster Management and Mitigation Strategies
The following disaster management strategies have been adopted in the designs:
i. Complies with Zone-3 seismic structural and foundation design
ii. Provision of fire fighting system
iii. Provision of Sewage Treatment Plant to maintain sanitation and avoid epidemics
7.3.3 Adoption of Green technology
Rainwater harvesting system has been included in the project to conserve water in the
area, especially since the project area faces an acute shortage of water, whether for
drinking or cleaning purposes.

7.4 Provision of Community Facilities
7.4.1 Anganwadi and Library
There are two existing Anganwadis adjacent to each other on the narrow strip of land
between the canal and the road. They are improperly placed and can be dangerous to
the kids, and hence have to be relocated to a safer place in the vicinity.
The proposed Anganwadi will have a plinth area of 78.65 m2 (846.27 sq.ft) and carpet
area of 62.92 m2 (677.02 sq.ft) per unit.
It is also planned to include a library-cum-computer training centre above the

Anganwadi area. This serves to enrich the knowledge and skills of the residents, most of
whom are illiterate and lack computer skills, leading to difficulties in finding good jobs.
The library/computer centre, too, has the same plinth area and carpet area as the
Anganwadi (i.e. 78.65 m2 and 62.92 m2, respectively).
Figure 97: View of the Anganwadi-cum-Library

Figure 98: Plan – Ground Floor & First Floor

Figure 99: Anganwadi & Library - Elevation
Figure 100: Anganwadi & Library - Section

7.4.2 Livelihood Components
7.4.2.1 Livelihood components in G+11 housing units:
Introduction:
Kudumbashree Mission is the Poverty eradication and Women Empowerment agency in

Kerala having a successful track record of more than a decade. Livelihood
development is one of its major objectives to promote economic empowerment.
As per the Socio economic survey, there are more than 2000 women who are
unemployed. The women have skills in Cooking, tailoring, packing, dry fish based
products etc. Most of them are interested to work, but their social, educational and
financial constraints prevent them from converting their potential to a practical
livelihood.
Most of the families belong to Muslim Community. The women in Muslim community
have social and religious restrictions to go out and work in the tourism or trade locations.
Further, there is a lack of education and training which prevents them from working in
jobs that need specialised skills. Some women are able to do only part time job because
of their responsibilities in their own homes.
A practical solution to help these women is to provide jobs within their colony and help
them with:
i. Capital in the form of Bank Loans
ii. Subsidies and Government grants
iii. Training in the jobs which have a demand in the market
iv. Support with administrative and money handling helps
v. Flexible timings by which they can work without compromising on their family
affairs
vi. Organising groups
vii. Linking with the existing outlets or opening their own outlets
viii. Branding and publicity

Livelihood Activity Space:
In the G+11 buildings, the top floor of 1041 m2 area is kept aside exclusively for Livelihood
Activities. There are nearly 400 families living in the building and at least one member
from each family will be ready to take part in the Livelihood activity. The space, being
located on the top floor of the building and connected to the lower floors by lifts and
stairs, can be accessed easily by the beneficiaries without going out of their place of
stay.
There are 14 shops at the Ground Floor level, which can be used by the beneficiaries
with some experience in shopkeeping. They can sell the products of the production units
and also other commodities required by the population of the colony and for others. A
monthly rent of approximately Rs.100/m2 has to be paid by the shopkeepers for using the
space.

Kudumbashree has various schemes to train the women who are willing to work and to
help them with financial assistance in the form of loans, grants etc. They also have
existing exclusive outlets to market the products from Kudumbashree units. As such, the
Kudumbashree units in the locality are active in solid waste collection, a few micro
enterprises etc. Once they get the space to work, the beneficiaries can be increased in
number.
The Livelihood Activities in the building shall be run as different units, each of which will
make a profit. Each unit can decide the wages to be paid to each working member
and the contribution from each unit for meeting common expenses will be decided by
the Apartment Owners’ Society.
The common maintenance of the building along with the equipments like lifts (6 nos.),
Pump sets, Common lighting, Sewage Treatment Plant, Water supply, Cleaning, Solid
waste management etc will be the responsibility of the Owners Society formed by the
occupants of the building. Since the active members of the Livelihood activity will form
the majority of the Owners Society, there is no reason for clash of interests.
The attached calculation shows the number of persons intended to work in each unit,
the income they generate, the wages they get and how the common expenses can be
met. There are provisions for periodical social functions, newspapers etc. There will be a
margin after meeting all the possible recurring costs. This margin can be distributed
among the beneficiaries on the basis of their merit.
Repaying the Housing Loan:
Of the total number of beneficiary families, 266 families have to pay around Rs.1.90 lakhs
towards beneficiary contribution, which is the highest possible amount payable by the
beneficiaries towards the project cost. If they do not have sufficient funds to make this
contribution, they can make use of the proposed livelihood activities through which they
can earn more than enough money for this purpose. The livelihood activities will add
Rs.4000-Rs.7000 to their monthly income. Along with their present income, the total
income would be Rs. 7000- Rs.12000. This will make them eligible for a housing loan of up
to Rs.1.90 lakhs, which shall be arranged by Kudumbashree and the Corporation. Hence,
repayment of loans will not be a problem for the beneficiaries.
Present income of one family = Rs. 3000
Additional income expected from livelihood activity = Rs. 5000
Total income = Rs.8000
Monthly EMI = 25% of total income = Rs. 2000
Housing Loan amount for a repayment period of 15 years = Rs. 2 lakhs


Thus, a profit amount of approximately Rs.5.61 lakhs can be generated per month with
the help of these livelihood activities, which can be distributed to the beneficiaries along
with annual incentives.
The people thus become skilled, self-reliant and income-earning members of their family.

7.4.2.2 Provision for Landscaping, Tourism and Associated Activities
The area at the entrance to Kalvathy colony, next to the Taluk Hospital, is a piece of
unused, barren land. It falls under the Heritage Zone of the area and hence, no
permanent structures can be built there for the purpose of housing, commerce etc. It
can, therefore, be utilized for landscaping, promoting tourism and running affiliated
services, which also generate employment opportunities for the locals.
Built in the form of a park, with provisions for a jogging track, parking, kiosks, boat rides
etc, this component can merge a lot of elements that are conductive to tourism
promotion and local manpower welfare. Being connected to the canal, this area can
be used for setting up boating facilities, whereby small boats can take tourists around for
local sight-seeing along the lengths of Fort Kochi and Mattanchery. The kiosks in the park
could especially be of help to women who can set up stalls where they can sell
traditional home-cooked food or handicraft products, which are very popular with
tourists. This can boost their enterprising skills, while also helping them earn additional
family income.
Figure 101: A proposed idea for landscaping at the empty ground
Additional landscaping shall also be done in the two G+11 housing units proposed in the
Mehboob Park compound.

7.4.2.3 Provision for Community-triggered Recreational and Livelihood Activities

by CoC
• YOUTH CENTRE - A youth centre inside the colony is very much needed. This
centre can be used for multifarious activities with the help of Nehru Yuva Kendra
and youth welfare board. E.g.: Counselling service for children, career guidance
program etc. The Arts & Sports club can be used for this purpose.
• DRY FISH PROCESSING UNIT- Variety of fish available in this area and it will help to
start dry fish processing unit cum sales centre. They can also make parcel packet
with hygienic packing can sell it outside the area. If they open an outlet near the
tourist place can improve their marketing.
• LIBRARY CUM READING ROOM - Social activity is very essential for human life. The
library cum reading room helps the cluster members to gather together and
share their ideas, knowledge and concerns. It also helps boost the relationship
among individuals.
• LAUNDRY SERVICE - Washing and ironing of cloths can be another source of

income to the dwellers. Many star hotels, hospitals and resorts are in the premise
of this slum and it is capable of creating more opportunities in this area.
• COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION- RELIGIOUS BASED - Community participation is

essential for all the development programs. We have to include the religious
leaders in cluster level meetings and committees and enhance their
participation in programs.
• COMMUNITY KITCHEN WITH BIOGAS PLANT- The people of the community can
maintain the Community Kitchen with the help of bio gas plant. Waste
management is the main problem in the slum and we can introduce the bio gas
plant and terracotta for eco restoration.
• LUNCH - PARCEL SERVICE UNIT - Lunch with fish curry parcel is another source of
income for the dwellers. This service can be beneficial for the workers in boat
and other tourist shops. They can provide lunch with fish curry at reasonable
rates. It will provide more opportunity to the Kudumbashree members and they
can use the community kitchen for the preparation of food.
• LABOURERS WITHIN THE SLUM - MORE OWNERSHIP - Many labourers are available
in slums and we can make use of them in our programs. Carpenters, masons,
helpers, painters, flooring and aluminium fabrication workers etc are available.
We can easily identify them through the socio-economic survey. It will create
more ownership in the implementation.
• IN-HOUSE VEGETATION – The newly-built and renovated houses can be used for
vegetable plantation. The dwellers can plant different kind of vegetables for their
use and make their surroundings eco-friendly and healthy living spaces.
• It also can be used the top of the house for open space for game like tennis,
carroms, and can be used for recreational activity place. We can use this place

for any small function like meetings, religious programmes and any other family
get-together.
• ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCT UNIT- The dwellers can open an eco-friendly production

unit for paper bag, cloth bag, paper cover and envelop and craft item. This will
encourage the people for eco restoration and attract tourists to the shops.
Kudumbashree members have enough knowledge on these areas. They can
open an outlet outside the premises to promote the product.
• USE CANAL FOR TOURIST ACTIVITIES-It is imperative to clean the existing canal
around Thruthey colony. So that we can use the canal for tourist purposes as
back waters tourism. It will attract many people to this place and will create
more job opportunities in Tourist facilitation activities. E.g.: Boat service in the
canal with the help of DTPC.
• ECO-FRIENDLY TOILETS- Water logging is the main problem in the coastal area, so
the normal toilets will not be possible in the coastal belt slums. It would be an
excellent to introduce eco-friendly toilets for the dwellers. Jalanidhi Project has
different innovative toilets construction models and we can converge the
projects with RAY.
• PERFORMING ART CENTRE-This colony is situated in a well-known tourist place.

Foreigners are very much interested in performing arts like Kathakali,
Kalaripayattu, Ottamthullal. So a centre for performing arts in this area will be an
additional income source for colony dwellers.

7.5 Provision of Urban Infrastructure
7.5.1 Roads, Pavements & Bridges
The current roads are narrow and unplanned, and there are bottlenecks at various
places. New asphalt roads of width 6m, as well as internal roads/pavements made of
concrete of widths 3m and 1.5m, are proposed.
Two bridges have been proposed, so as to make the island more well-connected to its
surroundings. One of the bridges, an already existing narrow bridge located near the
Community Centre, is too narrow for vehicles to pass by, and hence has to be widened.
The other bridge is proposed to be built near the mosque, since it will serve as a good
connection between the island and the neighbourhood, and gives ease of access and
circulation to the people entering the colony.
Figure 102: A model of the proposed bridge

Figure 103: Bridge – Plan
Figure 104: Bridge - Elevation

7.5.2 Drainage
Three types of drains are proposed:
i. 50cm x 80cm
ii. 40cm x 60cm
iii. 30cm x 45cm
These match with the length of the present drains.
Figure 105: Drain section - 50cmx 80cm

Figure 106: Drain section - 40cm x 60cm
Figure 107: Drain section - 30cm x 45cn

7.5.3 Water Supply
Based on the CDP, Kerala Water Authority has prepared their programmes for meeting
the demand projected for Kochi City and adjoining areas. The Ad-hoc Augmentation
Water Supply Scheme commissioned in 2007 benefits Western Kochi where the project
area is situated. Further, the Water Supply Scheme for Kochi City under JNNURM – Part-1
is under its final stage of commissioning and will be ready for use within months. These
projects are designed and implemented (or are being implemented) to meet the
demand of the area, including the demands for this project since the RAY beneficiaries
are basically from the same part (KWA water zone) of Kochi Corporation. Hence, the
water supply for the project area should be such that there is a controlled and effective
system of water supply as per the norms fixed by KWA and approved by CPHEEO by
sanctioning various schemes to this portion for better implementation of the RAY project.
The System:
The demand for water supply is projected for another 30 years and a transmission line is
designed accordingly to draw water from the existing 500 mm CI LA distribution main of
KWA at 1.5 Km away. But only a length of 707 metres (687+40), the project boundary, is
considered in the project. The independent pipeline for a length of 687m (250mm DI K7)
is taken as a common pipeline in the controlled area and is separated into two
branches. One branch is designed for Type I, Type II, G+2 and for the others living in the
project area, as 200 mm DI K7 for 40 m. The other branch is designed to meet the
demand of the two towers of G+11, for a length of 20 m (150mm DI K7). Water through
both branches will be freely discharged to the sumps to be constructed at the Health
Inspectors office and G+11 buildings respectively. Necessary measuring devices will be
provided at the entry of the project area.
Pumping mains and Pump sets required are designed to pump the water from the sump
to the OH tanks are proposed to provide on the roof of these buildings for distribution
through gravity.
Networks are designed keeping the guidelines and norms issued by CPHEEO. Separate
networks are designed for the General (Type I, Type II, G+2 and others in the Project area
except G+11). Necessary Plumbing design for water and waste water for G+11 is
provided.
Rain Water Harvesting is proposed in the project to reduce the consumption of water
from KWA and also to implement the vision of Central Government in Rain Water
harvesting. Rain Water from the G+11 is collected in an underground tank through the
pipes designed for it. The same will be pumped to the OH tank proposed in the G+11
and separate distribution net works for the G+11 is designed. Arrangements are also
made for the Type I, Type II and G+2 families for rain water harvesting facilities and its
utilization.

Waste Water collection System is designed as per the guidelines for the G+11 and for
others and the sewer from each individual building is proposed to lay up to the their
premises boundary so as to enable to discharge the same to the proposed sewer system
in the Project leading to its STP proposed for further treatments.
Estimates for the designed components have prepared based on the 2012 Schedule of
Rates of the Kerala Public Works Department.
Figure 108: Water Supply - schematic diagram

Water Tank Building
As part of the proposal for the provision of water supply to the colony, an overhead
water tank and a sump tank are required where the water from KWA can be stored and
distributed. Since the KWA water supply is intermittent, providing a common OHT that
stores and supplies water to all houses is preferable instead of providing individual tanks
for houses. For this, a 12m high water tank building is required, which can contain the
OHT and the underground sump tank.
Since the colony contains a Health Inspector’s Office which is in a state of disrepair, it is
proposed that the functions of both the Office and the Water Tank Building be
combined to create a three-storeyed building, which can carry out both the purposes.
This building can function in such a way that its Ground Floor can be used as an
Ayurveda clinic, the First Floor as a Homoeo clinic, and the Second Floor as the Health
Inspector’s Office. Since there are no major health and medication provisions for the
colony apart from the Taluk Hospital, this building can effectively serve to fulfill this
requirement, thus proving beneficial to the people of the colony.
Since such a building can easily attain a 12m height, the terrace of the building can be
used for the OHT, and the underground sump tank can be provided beneath the
building. The cost of the mutli-functional building shall only be marginally greater than a
building which serves to contain the water tanks alone. Thus, this can be a very good
option to serve the social and health requirements of the residents.
Figure 109: Schematic representation of Water tank building

Figure 110: Water Tank Building – Elevation
Figure 111: Water Tank Building – Section

Figure 112: Ground Floor (Ayurveda clinic) – Plan
Figure 113: First Floor (Homoeo clinic) – Plan

Figure 114: Second Floor (Health Inspector's Office) – Plan
Figure 115: Water Tank Building - Terrace Plan
[For more details and drawings, refer Volume II]

7.5.4 Sanitation & Waste Management
The City Sanitation Plan (CSP) is currently being prepared for the city of Kochi. The
proposed sanitation and sewerage system for the RAY project area has been prepared
in such a way that when the CSP is implemented and becomes functional, the
sewerage system proposed for the RAY project area can be easily merged with the
city’s system.
The following section (7.5.4.1) gives a gist of the Kochi CSP, highlighting the important
points regarding sewerage planning for our project area, which roughly falls under
wards 1 and 2 of Kochi.
7.5.4.1 City Sanitation Plan – Master Plan for Sewerage:
A report by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) indicates that waste water
generation in Greater Kochi area (with a projected population of 20 lakh by 2025) will
generate 240 MLD of waste water. Given that the current STP capacity is of only 4.5 MLD,
the report calls for an urgent development of sewage treatment infrastructure. As per
this report, Master Planning of sewerage for CoC has been done based on the
estimated population of 700,000 persons in year 2041 and an average per capita water
supply of 150 lpcd. CoC has been broadly divided into seven major sewerage zones
depending on geography, existing sewerage and sanitation for planning purpose. This
will also decentralise the collection, transportation and treatment.
Out of the 7 zones, Zones I and II covering Fort Kochi, Mattanchery and Palluruthy area
are densely populated. Our RAY project area comprising of Thuruthy, Kalvathy and
Konchery colonies, falls under these zones. It is not techno-economically feasible to
prepare an integrated sewerage scheme for this part of Kochi with the main land and
an independent system of collection, transportation and treatment is proposed. Zone I
and II have estimated populations (2041) of 165,151 and 134,634 respectively with
estimated sewage generation at 38 MLD considering water supply at the rate of 150
LPCD and other factors like ground water infiltration, floating population and institutional
demand. The sewage is proposed to be treated at the 38 MLD (FAB Technology)
Sewage Treatment Plant proposed at Mundamveli before letting in to the Pandarachal
Canal.

7.5.4.2 Proposed Sanitation for RAY project area
It is proposed to include the following components within the area:
 Septic tanks of three different sizes and soak pits for Individual, Row & cluster
housing
 Collection tank for G+11 buildings
 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of capacity 0.25 mld for G+11 buildings
Coc has prepared a sanitation master plan and there is a proposal for a centralized
sewage treatment plant located at Mundamveli, about 5km away from Thuruthy. The
SMP envisages treatment of septic tank effluents from the entire West Kochi area to be
treated in this STP and disposed of into the Pandarachira canal. The sewerage network
and STP are tendered and is expected to be commissioned in four years’ time. Hence,
the effluent from the individual scattered houses of Thuruthy will also be collected and
treated in the STP at Mundamveli.
However, as per the regulations of Kerala Pollution Control Board, decentralized STP has
to be provided for the G+11 buildings. So it is proposed to provide an STP of 0.25 mld
exclusively for the G+11 buildings so as to comply with the norms of KPCB. The effluent
from this STP will be safe enough to be used for irrigation or washing purposes or can be
disposed of into the adjacent canal safely.
Solid Waste Management Building:
Figure 116: SWM building - Front Elevation

Figure 117: SWM building – Side Elevation
Figure 118: SWM building – Plan

Figure 119: SWM building - Section
7.5.5 Fire Fighting System
Fire fighting systems shall be provided to the twin G+11 buildings, in compliance with the
National building Code (NBC), under which the buildings fall under the A4 category.
Each of the blocks shall be provided with a Fire Hydrant System, Fire Alarm System and
Fire Extinguishers.



Chapter-8. Statutory Approvals
Usually, a set of statutory approvals are required for a project to be finalized, and before
it is implemented or executed, out of which, for the RAY project in Thuruthy, the following
are NOT required:
i. Building Permit (from Corporation of Cochin) – None of the buildings violate the
NBC or KBR. The designs, height etc are all properly maintained.
ii. Forest & Environmental Clearance
iii. Town & country Planning Department – Not required since this is not a new
development, rather an in-situ development of an already existing habitation.
iv. Coastal Zone Regulation – The area doesn’t fall under Coastal Zone; it is nearer
to the backwaters
The statutory approvals that are required and which shall be obtained, are from:
i. The Fire Department
ii. Kerala Pollution Control Board (KPCB)




Chapter-9. Project Implementation & Management

Framework
A two-step implementation strategy would be adopted for the implementation of the

RAY project:
i. Preparation of Slum-free City Plans of Action (SFCPoAs) on ‘whole city’ basis, and
ii. Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) on ‘whole slum’ basis for selected
slums.
The SFCPoA will be an overall action plan of the ULB with investment requirements
projected and prioritized for improving/developing the existing slums and providing
houses including basic civic infrastructure and social amenities for the urban poor for the
next 10 -15 years.
On the basis of prioritization of slums in SFCPoAs, cities would be required to prepare

Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) following a ‘whole slum’ approach. In each selected
slum, an integrated approach would be adopted with the provision of housing, basic
civic infrastructure and social amenities.
9.1 Institutional Capacity
For the Financial Year 2013-14, RAY will be implemented as Additional Central Assistance
(ACA) Scheme wherein funds would be released to State by Ministry of Finance on the
recommendations of CSMC. Thereafter, RAY will be implemented as Centrally
Sponsored Scheme wherein funds would be released by Ministry of Housing & Urban
Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) to States/UTs as per recommendations of CSMC.
States/UTs would be required to sign a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with Central

Government agreeing to follow the RAY guidelines and undertaking required
mandatory reforms as pre-requisite for taking central assistance under the scheme. In
turn, concerned ULBs will also be required to sign a MoA with concerned State/UT to
commit themselves to follow the RAY guidelines and required mandatory reforms.

The RAY program shall have a three-tier structure for administration and implementation:
i. National level: Consisting of the National Steering Committee (NSC), the Central
Sanctioning & Monitoring Committee (CSMC) and the Mission Directorate (MD).
ii. State level: consisting of the StateLlevel Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee
(SLSMC), a State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) and a State Level Technical Cell
(SLTC)
iii. City level: consisting of a city-level Mission under the Chairmanship of the Mayor;
a City Level Technical Cell (CLTC)
iv. Community level: Apart from the Central, State and City levels, administrative
assistance is also provided at the Community level, with the help of
Neighbourhood Groups (NHGs) assisted by the Kudumbashree.
9.2 Institutional framework
The MoHUPA would be carrying out capacity building of State/City level officials dealing
with slums and urban poverty, especially RAY and other stakeholders through training
institutions as per the norms approved by the Ministry. Judicious mix of workshops and
exposure visits will be conducted for building the capacities. The Ministry has been
implementing the scheme of Urban Statistics for HR and Assessment (USHA) for
development and maintenance of urbanization, slums, urban poverty and housing
related statistics. USHA would be continued as a capacity building measure under RAY
and will be further augmented and strengthened.
At the State level, the State level Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee (SLSMC),
established during the RAY preparatory phase under the Chairpersonship of Chief
Minister of respective States/UTs, will continue to be the SLSMC for implementation
phase. Similarly, a State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) shall be formed under RAY wherein
a State level Mission Directorate will be set up for RAY for coordination of the scheme
and reform-related activities.
The State Mission Directorate is supported by a State Level Technical Cell (SLTC), which
will have the experts in the following fields on contract basis:
• MIS – 1
• GIS – 1
• Town Planning – 1
• Social Development – 1
• Project/Engineering – 1, and
• Capacity Building/Training – 1

These experts are constituted under the RAY cell of the Cochin Corporation, and this cell
assists in the administrative and technical functioning required for the RAY project.
A city level Mission is set up under the chairpersonship of the Mayor of the Corporation,
which is supported by a City Level Technical Cell (CLTC) suggested to have the experts
on contract basis as recommended for SLTCs.
Suitable grievance redressal system will be set up at both State and City level to address
the grievances from various stakeholders including Central Government.
The functioning at the Community level is taken care of by the Neighbourhood Groups
(NHGs) which are active in the colony, with the help of Kudumbashree, the State
Poverty Eradication Mission of Kerala. This ensures the active involvement and
participation of the people, and helps them in familiarizing themselves with the
developments of the project.
9.3 Implementation Schedule
The project is expected to complete in 36 months. The initial 3 months are meant for
tendering and preparatory works. The construction of all housing types would start
simultaneously.
A month-wise cash flow requirement chart has been added to indicate the time and
cash requirements during the execution stage of the project, for every stage.
9.4 Quarterly Investment Schedule
A quarterly investment schedule, similar to the monthly schedule, has been attached, in
which the shares of the Centre, State, ULB and the beneficiaries are depicted for every
quarter.
9.5 Project Management Set-up
The construction of all housing types would start simultaneously. In order to

accommodate the beneficiary families while construction is on, the Tower A of the G+11
buildings (in Mehboob Park) will be built first, so that the existing houses are not
disturbed.

After the initial 3 or 4 floors of the building are constructed, a batch of the beneficiary
families that are living in the existing independent or row or G+1 houses (which are part
of RAY) can be brought into the new building in order to provide them with temporary
accommodation. They can also, if they so desire, stay with their relatives or friends living
in other houses in the community. The temporary accommodation can serve as their
living quarters for the duration of the construction of their houses (say, 3 – 4 months).
As more levels of the multi-storey unit are built and more amenities are included, more
and more families can be accommodated. After their houses are built, they can go
back to their respective new houses and the next batch of beneficiaries can be brought
into the G+11 building for temporary accommodation, and so on.
After all the individual and row houses have been built, the construction of the
remaining G+11 and G+2 units can be completed.


9.6 Monitoring Mechanism
RAY will be monitored at three levels: City, State and Central Government. The web
based Integrated Poverty Monitoring System (IPoMS) developed by MoHUPA for
monitoring projects sanctioned under JNNURM shall be used to monitor and track
progress of projects sanctioned under RAY. IPoMS has been strengthened to include pre-
approval tracking system for project submitted under RAY, enabling submission of
appraisal reports of the projects and for submitting field visit reports by TPIMA.
Monitoring of quality of projects executed by the implementing agencies will be done

through Third Party Inspection and Monitoring Agency (TPIMA) at both Central and State
level.
The monitoring is done locally by the Kudumbashree and the Engineering division of the
CoC.
9.7 Quality Control & Quality Assurance Plan
The quality control and assurance for the project is the responsibility of the
Kudumbashree and the Engineering Department of the Corporation of Cochin. They
shall be involved throughout the implementation of the project and shall take care of
the accuracy and quality to be maintained during execution.
Implementation shall be done through experienced contractors empanelled with the

Corporation or PWD. The tendering shall be done in a transparent manner and the most
competitive bidder shall be awarded the work. Time-bound completion and quality of
materials and workmanship shall be ensured by the project implementation unit of RAY
along with the Engineering department of Cochin Corporation.



Chapter-10. Consultants
Designs & DPR preparation:
C-EARTH Pvt. Ltd.
(Director: Johnson Jacob)
39/2077, A.M.Thomas Road, Kochi – 16, Kerala
Phone: 91-484-2375892; 91-9847037916
Email: mail4cearth@gmail.com
Sub Consultants:
1. Structural: Er. Suresh S
M/s Associated Structural Consultants, Kochi - 17
Phone: 91-484-2203098; 91-484-6464034
Email: asc1@vsnl.net; asckochi@gmail.com
2. Plumbing & Sanitation: Shri. Prabhakaran
M/s Saras Engineering and Environ Consultants,

Maradu, Kochi
Phone: 91-9995775639; 91-9447508914
Email: saraseaeco@gmail.com
3. Electrification: Shri. Sanal Kumar
M/s OMS Electrical Consultants, Kochi-17

Phone: 91-9447163609
Email: omsconsultantskochi@gmail.com
4. Fire Fighting: NIFE Fire Systems Pvt. Ltd., Palarivattom, Kochi – 25

Phone: 91-484-2341153; 91-484-2341154
Email: nifefiresystems@gmail.com




Chapter-11. Annexure
i. Approval of the project and project cost (Corporation of Cochin)
ii. Approval of project cost with split-up of shares (Corporation of Cochin)
iii. Conformity of project designs with Kerala Municipal Building Rules (Corporation
of Cochin)
iv. Undertaking by CoC to meet O&M expenses of the G+11 buildings
v. Undertaking by KWA to provide necessary water supply to the project area













VOLUME I Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

VOLUME I Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT RAJIV AWAS YOJANA

Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 1

Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 2

Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 3

Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 4

Chapter-1. CHECKLISTS ............................................................................................................... 19

1.1 Checklist of documents/information available in the DPR of RAY ........................... 19

1.2 Administrative & Technical checklist for DPR of RAY ................................................... 21

Chapter-2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 31

2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 31

Chapter-3. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 41

3.1 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) ................................................................................................... 41

3.2 A Brief of Fort Kochi ............................................................................................................ 41

3.2.1 History ........................................................................................................................ 42

3.2.2 Tourist Attraction ...................................................................................................... 42

3.2.3 Slum profile of Kochi ............................................................................................... 43

3.3 RAY program in Thuruthy ................................................................................................... 44

3.3.1 Thuruthy – Location ................................................................................................. 45

3.3.2 Thuruthy – Demography ........................................................................................ 49

3.3.3 Nodal and Implementation Agency .................................................................. 52

3.3.4 Beneficiary Contribution ........................................................................................ 53

Chapter-4. SALIENT FEATURES OF SFCPoA ............................................................................... 57

4.1 Slum-Free City Plan of Action ........................................................................................... 57

4.2 Criteria for Slum Selection ................................................................................................. 57

Chapter-5. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 63

5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 63

5.2 Topography, Soil & Climate .............................................................................................. 64

5.3 Demographic Profile .......................................................................................................... 65

5.4 Socio-economic profile ..................................................................................................... 68

5.5 Infrastructure Profile............................................................................................................ 69

5.5.1 Housing and Layout ................................................................................................ 69

5.5.2 Accessibility and Road Network .......................................................................... 71

5.5.3 Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 72

Corporation of Cochin Slum Rehabilitation in Thuruthy Consultants: 5

5.5.4 Drainage and Waste Management ................................................................... 73

5.5.5 Educational Facilities .............................................................................................. 75

5.5.6 Health Facilities ........................................................................................................ 79

5.5.7 Community and Social Infrastructure ................................................................. 82

5.6 Justification of the Project ................................................................................................ 85

Chapter-6. PROJECT CONCEPT & SCOPE ............................................................................... 89

6.1 Concept ............................................................................................................................... 89

6.1.1 Advantages: ............................................................................................................ 89

6.2 Assessment & Design ......................................................................................................... 91

6.2.1 Comprehensive Redevelopment ........................................................................ 91

6.2.2 Connectivity – Bridges & Roads ........................................................................... 92

6.2.3 Sanitation .................................................................................................................. 92

6.2.4 High-rise Buildings – for landless beneficiaries ................................................... 93

6.2.5 Livelihood facilities that suit the social conditions ............................................ 93

6.2.6 Meeting O&M costs using livelihood facilities ................................................... 94

6.3 Scope of the Project .......................................................................................................... 95

6.4 Approach and Methodology .......................................................................................... 96

6.4.1 Survey ........................................................................................................................ 96

6.4.2 Data Entry, Compilation & Analysis ..................................................................... 96

6.4.3 Land Mapping ......................................................................................................... 96

6.4.4 Integration of Data & Formulation of Plan ......................................................... 97

6.5 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 98

6.5.1 Conducting the Survey .......................................................................................... 98

6.5.2 Consent of Beneficiaries ........................................................................................ 98

6.5.3 Unsuitable Physical Conditions ............................................................................. 99

6.5.4 Land acquisition ...................................................................................................... 99

Chapter-7. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND PLANNING ..................................................... 103

7.1 Slum Survey ........................................................................................................................ 103

7.1.1 Socio- Economic survey & Livelihood Survey .................................................. 103