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Dermatome[edit]
The dermatome is the dorsal portion of the paraxial mesoderm somite which gives rise to the
skin (dermis). In the human embryo it arises in the third week of embryogenesis.[2] It is formed
when a dermamyotome (the remaining part of the somite left when the sclerotome migrates),
splits to form the dermatome and the myotome. [2] The dermatomes contribute to the
skin, fat and connective tissue of the neck and of the trunk, though most of the skin is derived
from lateral plate mesoderm.[2]
Myotome[edit]
The myotome is that part of a somite that forms the muscles of the animal. [2] Each myotome
divides into an epaxial part (epimere), at the back, and a hypaxial part (hypomere) at the front.
[2]
The myoblasts from the hypaxial division form the muscles of the thoracic and anterior
abdominal walls. The epaxial muscle mass loses its segmental character to form the extensor
muscles of the neck and trunk of mammals.
In fishes, salamanders, caecilians, and reptiles, the body musculature remains segmented as in
the embryo, though it often becomes folded and overlapping, with epaxial and hypaxial masses
divided into several distinct muscle groups.[citation needed]
Sclerotome[edit]
The sclerotome forms the vertebrae and the rib cartilage and part of the occipital bone; the
myotome forms the musculature of the back, the ribs and the limbs; the syndetome forms the
tendons and the dermatome forms the skin on the back. In addition, the somites specify the
migration paths of neural crest cells and the axons of spinal nerves. From their initial location
within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet
the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. The lower half of one
sclerotome fuses with the upper half of the adjacent one to form each vertebral body. [10] From this
vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming
the vertebral arch. Other cells move distally to the costal processes of thoracic vertebrae to form
the ribs.
21.4.6. პლაცენტა
პლაცენტა (ბავშვის სავარძელი)ადამიანი მიეკუთვნება დისკოიდური
ჰემოქორიალური ბუსუსების პლაცენტის ტიპს (იხ. ნახ. 21.16; ნახ. 21.17). ეს არის
მნიშვნელოვანი დროებითი ორგანო მრავალი ფუნქციით, რომელიც უზრუნველყოფს
ნაყოფის დაკავშირებას დედის სხეულთან. ამასთან, პლაცენტა ქმნის ბარიერს
დედისა და ნაყოფის სისხლს შორის.
პლაცენტა შედგება ორი ნაწილისგან: ემბრიონისტული ან ნაყოფისგან (pars
fetalis),და დედობრივი (pars materna).ნაყოფის ნაწილი წარმოდგენილია
განშტოებული ქორიონით და ქორიონზე შიგნიდან გადაბმული ამნიონური
მემბრანით, ხოლო დედის ნაწილი წარმოდგენილია საშვილოსნოს
მოდიფიცირებული ლორწოვანი გარსით, რომელიც უარყოფილია მშობიარობის
დროს (decidua basalis).
პლაცენტის განვითარება იწყება მე -3 კვირას, როდესაც გემები იწყებენ საშუალო
ბორცვებსა და მესამეული ბუსუსების ფორმას და მთავრდება ორსულობის მე -3 თვის
ბოლოს. 6-8 კვირის განმავლობაში გემების გარშემო
Dermatome[edit]
The dermatome is the dorsal portion of the paraxial mesoderm somite which gives rise to the
skin (dermis). In the human embryo it arises in the third week of embryogenesis.[2] It is formed
when a dermamyotome (the remaining part of the somite left when the sclerotome migrates),
splits to form the dermatome and the myotome. [2] The dermatomes contribute to the
skin, fat and connective tissue of the neck and of the trunk, though most of the skin is derived
from lateral plate mesoderm.[2]
Myotome[edit]
The myotome is that part of a somite that forms the muscles of the animal. [2] Each myotome
divides into an epaxial part (epimere), at the back, and a hypaxial part (hypomere) at the front.
[2]
The myoblasts from the hypaxial division form the muscles of the thoracic and anterior
abdominal walls. The epaxial muscle mass loses its segmental character to form the extensor
muscles of the neck and trunk of mammals.
In fishes, salamanders, caecilians, and reptiles, the body musculature remains segmented as in
the embryo, though it often becomes folded and overlapping, with epaxial and hypaxial masses
divided into several distinct muscle groups.[citation needed]
Sclerotome[edit]
The sclerotome forms the vertebrae and the rib cartilage and part of the occipital bone; the
myotome forms the musculature of the back, the ribs and the limbs; the syndetome forms the
tendons and the dermatome forms the skin on the back. In addition, the somites specify the
migration paths of neural crest cells and the axons of spinal nerves. From their initial location
within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet
the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. The lower half of one
sclerotome fuses with the upper half of the adjacent one to form each vertebral body. [10] From this
vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming
the vertebral arch. Other cells move distally to the costal processes of thoracic vertebrae to form
the ribs.[10]