This lecture was delivered on Monday 24th November, 2020 [last lecture before lockdown]

Course no:508: BSc. (Hons)

SOLID STATE
PHYSICS
Dr. Syed Rizwan Ali

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI

Primitive vectors for hcp unit cell

I have explained these

vectors in class lecture
 Diamond structure
 Elements from the column IV in the periodic table
C, Ge, Si and Sn, crystallize in the diamond structure.*

 The Bravais lattice is

face-centered cubic.

 The basis has 2 identical

atoms located at (0,0,0)
and ( ¼,¼,¼) in the cubic
unit cell, for each point ( ¼,¼,¼)
of the fcc lattice.
(0,0,0)

Tetrahedral bonding is characteristic of the diamond structure

 Diamond structure
No of atoms in unit cell = 8

8 CORNER ATOMS
(0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,0,0),
(1,1,0), (1,0,1), (0,1,1), (1,1,1)

4 BODY ATOMS
(¼,¼,¼), (¾,¾,¼),
(¾,¼,¾), (¼,¾,¾).

6 FACE CENTERED ATOMS

(½,½,0), (0,½,½), (½,0,½), (½,½,1),
(1,½,½), (½,1,½),
Diamond structure

 There is no way to choose a primitive unit cell such that the

basis of diamond contains only one atom.
Diamond structure: Coordination no

 Each atom has 4 nearest neighbors

and 12 second NNs.

 For example, the atom located at

(¼,¼,¼) at the center of the cube in
Fig has four nearest neighbors also
shown in Fig. (b).

 (0,0,0), (½,½,0), (0,½,½) and (½,0,½).

Diamond structure
Sodium Chloride Structure
Cesium Chloride Structure
Cesium Chloride Structure
 Books
 Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley,
2004
 S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics, 7th Edition by New Age
International
 J. Richard Christman, Fundamentals of Solid State, John
Wiley & Sons, NY, 1988.
 Manijeh Razeghi, Fundamentals of Solid State Engineering,
Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002)
 M. A. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics, Addison-
Wesley, 1993.
 H. Ibach, H. Lüth, Solid-State Physics: An Introduction to
Principles of Materials Science, Springer, 2003.
 “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

I would like to describe a field, in which little has

been done, but in which an enormous amount
can be done in principle. This field is not quite
the same as the others in that it will not tell us
much of fundamental physics (in the sense of,
‘What are the strange particles?’) but it is more
like solid-state physics in the sense that it might
tell us much of great interest about the strange
phenomena that occur in complex situations.
Furthermore, a point that is most important is
that it would have an enormous number of
technical applications. What I want to talk about
is the problem of manipulating and controlling
things on a small scale. [CALTECH, 1959]
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
Nobel laureate Richard Feynman
REF: Melanie Jackson Agency, LLC. and Caltech Public Relations.
Homework
Read the lecture on nanotechnology by R. P. Feynman,
"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"

 Try to write a few lines on what you understand from this lecture.
 Does it promise too much or most of its predictions are now a
reality.
 Is there anything in his lecture which is still not realized

http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
Books
THANK YOU

I would love to have questions that cannot be answered

rather than answers than cannot be questioned !
[Richard Feynman]