ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009

Mechanical Design

1. Considering the stress concentration at point A in Figure 1, determine

the maximum normal and shear stresses at A, if F= 1 kN.

Figure 1

Solution
Larger diameter D =38mm
Smaller diameter d = 24 mm
Radius r = 3 mm
D/d = 38/24 = 1.58
r/d = 3/24 = 0.125
Kts = 1.40
Kt = 1.6

Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP
ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009
Mechanical Design

32 K t M 32(1.6)(1000)(0.350) Nm
σA = =
πd 3 π (0.024) 3
17920
= = 4..129 x10 8 N / m 2 = 412.90 MPa
0.0000434
16 K ts T 16(1.40)(1000)(0.400)
τA = =
πd 3 π (0.024) 3
8960
= = 2.0645 x10 8 N / m 2 = 206.45MPa
0.0000434

Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP
ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009
Mechanical Design

σA ⎛σ ⎞
2 2
412.90 ⎛ 412.90 ⎞
σ max = + ⎜ A ⎟ + τ A2 = + ⎜ ⎟ + 206.45 =
2

2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
σ max = 206.45 + 42621.60 + 42621.6025 = 206.45 + 291.964 = 498414 MPa

⎛σ ⎞
2 2
⎛ 412.90 ⎞
τ max = ⎜ A ⎟ + τ A2 = ⎜ ⎟ + 206.45 = 206.45 + 291.964 = 498.414
2

⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
τ max = 22.325MPa

2. Figure 2 shows a 38mm-diameter steel countershaft that supports two

pulleys. Pulley A delivers power to a machine causing a tension of
2.7 kN in the tight side of the belt and 0.3 kN in the loose side. Pulley
B receives power from a motor. The belt tensions on pulley B have
the relation T1= 0.125T2.
Find the deflection of the shaft in the z direction at pulleys A and B.
Assume that the bearings constitute simple supports. Given that E =
210x109 N/m2

Figure 2

Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP
ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009
Mechanical Design
Solution
(0.200)
Torque T = (2700 − 300) N m = 240 N
2
(0.30)
(T2 − T1 ) = 240 Nm
2
(0.30)
(T2 − 0.125T2 ) = 240 Nm
2
(0.875T2 )(0.15) = 240 Nm
240
0.13125T2 = 240 Nm => T2 = = 1828.57 Nm
0.13125
T1 = 0.125(11828.57) = 228.57 Nm
T1 + T2 = 228.57 + 1828.57 = 2057.142 Nm,

Ro 2057.142Nm

O A B C

0.3m 0.5m 0.4m

3000N Rc

Ro Rc

O A B C (a)

3000N
2057.142Nm

(b)

O A B C

Ro Rc
Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP
ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009
Mechanical Design

∑ Mo = 0
Rc(1.2) − 2057.142(0.8) + 3000(0.5) = 0
1645.73 − 1500
Rc = = 121.43 Nm
1.2
Ro(1.2) − 3000(0.9) + 2057.04(0.4) = 0
2700 − 822.816
Ro = = 1564.29 Nm
1.2

First consider the 30000N load as acting a lone (a)

∑ Mo = 0
3000(0.3)
Rc = = 750 N
1. 2
3000(0.9)
Ro = = 2250 N
1.2
Fbx 2
y oA = − (x + b 2 − l 2 )
6 EIl
b = 0.9m, x = 0.3m, l = 1.2m
πd 4 π (0.1) 4
I= = = 49 x10 −7 m 4
64 64
3000(0.9)(0.3) 810
y OA =− 9 −7
(0.3 2 + 0.9 2 − 1.2 2 ) = − (−0.54) = 0.00059m = 0.059mm
6(210 x10 )(49 x10 )(1.2) 7408800

a = 0.3m, x = 0.5 + 0.3 = 0.8m

Fa (l − x) 2
y AC = − ( x + a 2 − 2lx )
6 EIl
3000(1.2 − 0.8)
y AC =− ( 0 . 8 2
+ 0 . 3 2
− 2(1.2)(0.8) =
6(210 x10 9 )(49 x10 −7 )(1.2)
1200
=− (0.64 + 0.09 − 1.92) = 0.000193m = 0.193mm
7408800

Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP
ENT253 Tutorial 2 14/01/2009
Mechanical Design
For load 2057.142N, (b)

Fbx 2
y oB = (x + b2 − l 2 )
6 EIl
b = 0.4m, x = 0.3m, l = 1.2m, I = 49 x10 −7 m 4

2057 .142(0.4)(0.3)
y oB = ( 0 . 3 2
+ 0 . 4 2
− 1 . 2 2
)
6( 210 x10 9 )(49 x10 −7 )(1.2)
246.857
y OB = (0.09 + 0.16 − 1.44) = −0.0000396 m = −0.0396 mm
7408800
For x = 0.8m

2057 .142(0.8)(0.4)
y oB = ( 0 . 8 2
+ 0 . 4 2
− 1 . 2 2
)
6( 210 x10 9 )(49 x10 −7 )(1.2)
y OB = −0.0000568 m = −0.0568mm
y A = 0.059m − 0.0396m = 0.0194m
y B = 0.193m − 0.0568m = 0.1362m

Formula

σ ⎛σ ⎞ ⎛σ ⎞
2 2
32 K t M 16 K ts T
σA = ,τ A = , σ max = A + ⎜ A ⎟ + τ A2 ,τ max = ⎜ A ⎟ + τ A2
πd 3
πd 3
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
Fbx 2 Fa(l − x) 2 πd 4
y AB = ( x + b 2 − l 2 ), y BC = ( x + a 2 − 2lx), I =
6 EIl 6 EIl 64
S sy F
S sy = 0.5S y , n = ,τ s =
τs A

Dr. Haftirman
Mechanical Engineering Program
School of Mechatronic Engineering
UniMAP