DESIGN BASIS REPORT

ELECTRICAL

HOTEL BUILDING FOR Mrs. SAHIBJAN

SERVICES CONSULTANT

#1, Adithya Apartments,

Kowdiar, Trivandrum – 695003
 Design Basis Report

Table 1: Revision History

Revision Date Description

R0 28.12.2016 INITIAL

Table 2: Approval

Sumanam Engineering
Date CLIENT
Services Consultant Remarks

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 Design Basis Report

PAGE
Sl. No LIST OF CONTENT NO

1.0 GENERAL 04

2.0 LOAD ESTIMATION 05

3.0 LOAD CALCULATION 06

4.0 PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY 07

5.0 SELECTION OF TRANSFORMER 08

6.0 SELECTION OF GENERATOR 08

7.0 DISTRIBUTION OF POWER 09

8.0 UPS 10

9.0 EARTHING & LIGTHNING PROTECTION 11

10.0 CABLES 11

11.0 WIRING 12

12.0 HALLWAY LIGHTING 12

13.0 OCCUPANCY SENSOR 13

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 Design Basis Report

1.0 GENERAL

The Building

The proposed hotel project IS at Eenchakal, Trivandrum.

Total built up area is approximately 3299 Sqm. The building consists of two basements,
Ground + 4 Floors and terrace. The master plan for the project consists of the following.

Floor Details No of rooms Area

Basement Car Parking - 11 Nos 501.00
Mezzanine basement Car Parking - 11 Nos 501.00

Ground floor Kitchen, restaurant, Reception & Lobby 421.20

First floor 6 Roo,+ Boad room + Banquet Hall 421.20

Second floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20

Third floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20
Fourth floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20
Terrace Open restaurant / Services 191.34
Total Area (Sqm) 3,299.34

2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
A. CODES AND STANDARDS
The Electrical system design is conformed to the requirements of the following Standards:

a. Indian Electricity Rules.

b. National Electrical Code of India.

c. National Building Code of India (NBC).

d. Applicable standards issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

e. Regulations of local fire authorities.

f. Requirements stipulated by Pollution Control Board for noise, air & water pollution.

B. ELECTRICAL LOAD ESTIMATION

Lighting

Lighting for the proposed project is designed as per the norms of National Electric Code
(NEC), National Building Code (NBC) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and standards
set out by Starwood Hotels.
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Lighting system is designed based on the following criteria:

a. Visual Performance
b. Visual Comfort
c. Energy Efficiency & Conservation
d. Cost Effectiveness
e. Maintenance factor
Additional local lightings are provided in each place to suit the location and purpose.

The lighting level details for different types of areas are tabulated below.

Sl. No Areas Lux level

1 Office Rooms 300-350 Lux
2 Meeting Room 300-450 Lux
3 Corridor 150 Lux
4 Board Room/GM Room 400-500 Lux
5 Hotel Guest room 50-100 Lux
6 Common area 150-200 Lux
7 Toilets 100 Lux
Load Calculation
The split up of the load calculation is as follows:-.

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STARWOOD HOTELS
Abstract Load Chart
 
Location Raw Power UPS Power Total Load
       
Seventh Floor including HVAC 92 1 93
Sixth Floor including HVAC 99 1 100
Fifth Floor including HVAC 94 1 95
Fourth Floor including HVAC 97 1 98
Third Floor including HVAC 97 1 98
Second Floor including HVAC 106 1 107
First Floor including HVAC + Kitchen 329 4 333
Mezzanine + HVAC 32 3 35
Ground Floor 117 8 125
Landscape Lighting 5 5

AC Load 600
Plumbing Load 178
Fire 124
Lift Load 63
Future Expansion 420
Total Load 2474

Demand Factor and Power Factor

The electrical load of the Hotel is estimated with the following technical parameters
considering the green building concept:

Transformer:
Demand Factor = 0.6
Power Factor = 0.95
Maximum demand calculated as 1563 kVA
Therefore we recommend for two Transformers of 1000 kVA each.

Back up power with Diesel Generators:

Demand Factor = 0.5
Power Factor = 0.8
Max demand is 1280 kVA
Diesel generator selected is 625 kVA one number, 400kVA one number and 250 kVA one
number which gives better flexibility.
C. PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY
11kV power is to be brought from the nearest supply point using 3Cx300sqmm 11 KV
XLPE Aluminium UG cable to an RMU unit which will be located in the premises of the

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building. Even if in future a secondary connection is needed the same can be taken from the
RMU unit. From the RMU, supply is fed to the HT panel located in the electrical room
(MEP room). There are two numbers of 11kV/433V 1000-kVA dry type cast resin
transformer with OLTC and RTCC. A spare VCB can be provided in the HT panel for
precaution.

D. GUEST ROOM DESIGN DETAILS

There are 120 guest rooms and 24 floating cottages. Sufficient number of power sockets for
the following are considered. Hairdryers, coffee maker, mini refrigerator, Iron box, mobile
and music system power out let, TV and DVD points, set off box, data and telephone points
etc All the switches/sockets provided will be as per visual aesthetics and as per requirement
of Star wood specification and requirements. i.e., all the electrical cords will be concealed
from guest view which can be attained by coordinating with the guestroom furnishing plan.
A duplex electrical outlet is provided for the refreshment center. The compatibility of all the
light fixtures and other necessary electrical co – related equipments like lampshade, saddle
socket and the power ratings will be thoroughly checked. Automation for guest rooms will
be as per Starwood Design Requirements incorporating occupancy sensors where required.
Light points and power points inside the guest rooms is given as per Starwood design
requirements and additional with need. Electronic in-room control system is considered for
the guest rooms using low voltage system.

E. SELECTION OF TRANSFORMER
The transformers selected are two numbers of 1000 kVA dry type as per the regulations and
the calculations shown above. The transformers are with OLTC, which maintains
constant/stabilized voltage at all times using RTTC. This will enable healthy working of
electrical and electronic equipments connected to the system. The system uses an AVR to
sense the LV voltage and adjust the tapping as required in order to obtain a constant voltage
output. The RTCC (remote tap changer controller) sends signal to trigger the tap changing
mechanism. The transformers are of dry type and hence can be placed in the electrical room
inside the MEP block.

F. SELECTION OF GENERATORS
The backup proposed for the hotel is considered as full backup including HVAC system.
There will be provision for fuel storage, having a capacity of a minimum of 48 hours
running at full load so as to avoid hassles. An ideal location for the Generator set installation
after considering features like noise, vibration, exhaust emissions, and heat removal is
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 Design Basis Report

adjacent to the MEP room. As per the present load calculation three numbers of diesel
generator sets of 625 kVA, 400 kVA and one number 250 kVA are proposed by considering
the flexibility of the load requirements. For any future requirements a provision for
connecting one more DG in the future is considered.

The arrangement of the Generators set will be such that it will not cause any hindrance to the
safe evacuation of the building under emergency conditions.

In the event of failure of grid supply, multiple generators will start as per the loads from time
to time. The automatic switching and the load sharing will be controlled by the PLC system.
The diesel generators are having factory made acoustic enclosures with a reduced noise level
less than 70db at a distance of one meter from the acoustic enclosure.

G. DISTRIBUTION OF POWER

The power from the transformers is fed to the main panel using Aluminium bus bar trunking.
Both the transformers are coupled in Main Panel using bus couplers considering redundancy.
Even if one transformer fails, almost 85 % of the maximum demand can be loaded in the
other transformer. Bus Risers are used to provide internal distribution of power in the block
from second floor to seventh floor avoiding bulk cables to be run inside the hotel building.
The main panel distributes power to the sub panels for sub distribution. These are located in
strategic load centres. Common Service Panel providing power to fire, lift and plumbing
services is located in the MEP block itself. HVAC panel is fed from the main panel and will
be located in the MEP room itself. MCCB Load banks used for distributing power in each
guest room floors are placed in service corridors as no electrical room is provided in the
floors. Separate Distribution board is provided for each guest rooms with RCBO protection.
The main HVAC load as calculated is fed with Aluminium bus bar feeders from the main
panel. Schematic drawing is provided for closer review and understanding. The DG supply
is fed to the main panel after synchronising using PLC panel. Siemens make relays or
DIYFE relays are used for the purpose of synchronization. CPRI approved vendors will be
fabricating all the panels. Mostly we are proposing to source factory made panels. All panels
shall be incorporated with integrated automated extinguisher system utilising a sensing wire.

To maintain the power factor at 0.95, APFC panels are used. These panels will have
harmonic filters to reduce the third harmonic percentage to the acceptable limit. As two

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numbers of transformers are used we have included two APFC panels. With standard
calculation two numbers 300 kVAr APFC panels are proposed which can handle future
requirements also. Capacitors shall be split in step of 100 kVAr x 1 + 50 kVAr x 3 + 25
kVAr x 2.

For distributing power to health club, cottages and external lighting dedicated feeder pillars
are considered. The power distribution for floating cottages and floating restaurant are
through dedicated feeder pillars also, which are provided in the shore at a suitable location
so that water flooding will not be affected. From there submersible copper cables will be
used for sub-distribution. As currently we are not planning to construct these cottages,
additional spares are provided in the main panel to accommodate for their loads in the
future. For this one of the transformers is loaded slightly lightly so as to handle future loads.
This can be seen in the schematic layout.

H. Uninterrupted Power supply

UPS system protects critical equipments against over voltage, under voltage and electrical
noise and allows systems to safely shutdown during prolonged blackouts. An Uninterrupted
Power Supply (UPS) System delivers clean continuous uninterrupted power to all electrical
appliances. They cater for all staircase lighting; IT rooms, mainly when calamities like
staircase shutdown occur. Here, a few light points are considered in common areas such as
corridors, kitchen and restaurants. All computers in the office spaces and other areas are
powered by UPS backup. Signages, router and CCTV camera power and all staircase lights
are also considered in UPS load. Emergency light points powered by UPS are also
considered in guest rooms as per Starwood Design requirement. Parallel redundant UPS
system is considered for the project. A separate dedicated UPS shall be provided for the
server.

I. EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Earthing is done as per IS 3043, IS 2309, IEC 62305 part3, IEC 60364, IEC 62561 part 2, IS
3043. Earthing electrodes are designed based on the fault level of the premises. Earth
electrode proposed is Cu pipe of required size. In general, electrode by using earth rods of
required size for both LT and HT sides are proposed to draw fault current to the earth. All
the electrical earth pits are linked together for dissipation of current during lightning.
Lightning arrester is of prime importance to safe guard the entire building at the time of
heavy lightning strokes. The external lightning protection is carried out as per IS 2309.
Horizontal conductors and down conductors are made of GI. Test joints are provided 2.7m
above the ground level. All the lightning earth pits are linked together for better dissipation

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 Design Basis Report

of current during thunder. Air terminals based on coverage shall be provided in the roof of
the building to draw the lightning to earth infecting any tall structures in the roof of the
building.
• The transformer neutrals will be solidly earthed.
• The DG neutrals will be earthed through Neutral Grounding Resistor.
• The overall earth resistance will be limited to less than one Ohm.
• All earthing systems will be interconnected in the ground.

As per IS 2309, smaller of the values of down conductor calculated based on base area and
perimeter of the building is taken for lightning protection:
One down conductor for 100 sqm, and one down conductor for each 300 sqm or part thereof
of the area in excess of 100 sqm or one for each 20 m of the perimeter of the building
whichever is less.

Lightning arrester is of prime importance to safe guard the entire building at the time of
heavy lightning strokes. The external lightning protection is carried out as per IS 2309.
Special lighting protection will be provided for floating cottages like Early Streamer method
or placing a higher pole near to the cottage.

J. Surge Protection:

Lightning protection can be done using surge diverters. A surge protection devise (or surge
suppressor) is an appliance designed to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes. A
surge protector attempts to limit the voltage supplied to an electric device by either blocking
or by shorting to ground any unwanted voltages above a safe threshold. All electrical panels
used for the project shall be incorporated with surge diverters.

K. CABLES

The cables proposed are of XLPE insulated armoured aluminium/copper cables. For UPS
distribution flexible copper cables are considered and the neutral wire provided is the same
as phase wire. Design of distribution cable system is done so as to achieve voltage drop of
not exceeding 3% to the farthest cable termination. Submersible three phase four wire
copper flexible cables are proposed to connect the floating cottages, floating restaurant
power.

L. WIRING

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The wiring shall be as per IS 732. The wires shall be Fire Retardant Low Smoke (FRLS)
PVC insulated copper conductor run in 20/25/32mm thick MS/PVC conduit. The color
coding for wires shall be:

Phase: Red, Yellow, Blue

Neutral: Black
Earth: Green
The cross sectional area of wire/cable will be 2.5 Sq. mm. for workstation, pantry and
lighting circuit mains (Load not exceeding 10A).

M. HALLWAY/COMMON AREA LIGHTING

Energy-efficient LED light bulbs are selected appropriate for hotels. For lights that need to
stay on all day every day, switching to more energy-efficient lighting options can result in
significant savings. Outdated high bay metal halide, in the pool room and outdoor areas
can be replaced with smaller, more energy-efficient LED fixtures. Occupancy sensors are
also incorporated to save even more energy.

OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Stairwells and corridors, toilet areas which are not occupied continuously, yet they require
continuous illumination. This provides an energy saving opportunity that can be
implemented by leaving some lamps on continuously, while controlling others with
occupancy sensors. Occupancy sensors are mounted on walls or ceilings and wired to
control one or more fixtures.

Technology

Occupancy sensors rely on different technologies to detect the presence of occupants.

Passive Infrared Sensors

Passive infrared sensors respond to sudden changes in background heat energy, particularly
at wavelengths emitted by humans. A PIR occupancy sensor requires direct line of sight to
detect the presence of an occupant, around corners. With increasing distance, larger
movements are required to trigger the sensor.

PIR sensors are less expensive than ultrasonic occupancy sensors. They are well suited for
use in corridors that are simple rectangles in plain view; in such corridors, a single PIR

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sensor can be used to control several fixtures. Multiple PIR sensors may be needed in long
corridors or corridors that have complex shapes.

To avoid false triggers, PIR sensors should not be mounted within 8 feet of supply diffusers
or on sources of vibration.

Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensors

Ultrasonic occupancy sensors radiate high frequency sound waves that are undetectable to
the human ear. The sound waves bounce off surfaces, including people. Motion is detected
via shifts in frequency. In rooms with hard surfaces, ultrasonic occupancy sensors can
detect occupants around corners, out of the line of sight. They are more sensitive than PIR
sensors in locations where people are moving toward or away from the sensor.

In general, ultrasonic occupancy sensors can cover a larger area than PIR sensors. They are
well suited for use in stairwells, where sound waves can bounce off the hard surfaces &
corners. Like PIR sensors, high levels of vibration or airflow can trigger ultrasonic
occupancy sensors. In corridors, occupant activity can trigger lights on unnecessarily (this
is known as “nuisance triggering”).

Therefore, Ultrasonic occupancy sensors are highly recommended for this project
especially in corridor areas.

Conclusion : -

With the above, following are proposed for the project –

Transformer – 2 Nos. 1000 kVA

Diesel Generators – 1 No. 625 kVA, 1 No. 400 kVA and 1 No. 250 kVA

UPS – Parallel Redundant System

APFC Panels – 2 x 300 kVAr

Power Distribution – Using Bus Risers from Second to Seventh Floor.

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