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(64225) Coiled-Tubing Drilling of Horizontal Sidetrack (实例1)
(64225) Coiled-Tubing Drilling of Horizontal Sidetrack (实例1)
m3/d兲, liquid capacity was 150 bbl 共24 m3 ), and the separator was
designed to handle liquid rates to 25,000 B/D 共3975 m3/d兲. Gas the project of potential hazards and occurrences to expect during
metering was by orifice measurements and liquid metering by the job. The following equipment was then moved in and rigged
3
calibrated sight glasses and turbine meters. For safety during the up: fluid pumpers, nitrogen pumper, 2 8 in. coiled tubing unit, CT
underbalanced drilling, two 2 in. safety relief valves set at 200 psi reel-support unit, cranes, and additional support equipment.
共1380 kPa兲 provided pressure release on top of the vessel. High The nitrogen unit was rigged in just in case the drilling fluid
liquid level and high/low level shutdowns were also incorporated. had to be nitrified to counter lower than expected reservoir pres-
The surface control system was designed to handle the pre-job- sures. The remainder of the production testing equipment was
specified maximum liquid flow rate of 1,250 to 1,875 B/D 共200 to rigged in. The CT and production equipment were rigged in to
300 m3/d兲 with a drilling circulation rate of 0.3 to 0.5 m3/min. The drill the lateral section underbalanced with water. Project progno-
maximum wellhead shut-in pressure was estimated at 725 psi sis called for 300 m of 3 87 in. openhole horizontal lateral from
共5000 kPa兲. An emergency shutdown valve was installed on the 2210 to 2510 m.
wellhead to shut in the well at any time. The 4 in., 2,000 psi A tailgate safety meeting was held to inform personnel on lo-
working pressure well effluent lines were connected to a 4 in. cation of the sequence of events that would be undertaken for
choke manifold and sample catcher system. Chokes were used to pressure testing and pulling the RBP. Upon stabbing the injector,
control the backpressure on the well and solids were diverted into the dimple connector was installed and pressure tested along with
the sample cylinders for formation evaluation 共geologic control兲 the CT. The bottomhole assembly 共BHA兲 was assembled and
throughout the drilling operation. Solids were removed from the torqued up for pulling the RBP. The injector was placed on the
separator to a slop tank, gas was flared through a 4-in.-diam. by well and all surface equipment were pressure tested, including the
40-ft-high flarestack, and clean drilling water was transferred production testing equipment. Wellhead flanges were also pres-
through a 400 bbl tank to the pumper 共Fig. 3兲. Propane and a sure tested. The 4 161 in. BOP actuators were function and pressure
vaporizer were used to maintain pressure on the separator and for tested. Complete pressure testing procedures lasted 3 hours.
purging.
During the underbalanced drilling operations no oil production Day 3. The CT was run to 998.5 m where the RBP was tagged.
was recorded at the surface. However, formation water was pro- Weight was set down to activate the equalization valve, putting
the well in a positive pressure state. The RBP was then pulled to
duced to the surface at rates up to 1 m3/h.
the surface. The master valve was closed and the wellhead pres-
sure was bled off. The injector was then removed along with the
Operation
7 RBP and overshot assembly.
Day 1. Rigging up was started on the wellhead 共Fig. 1兲. A 2 8 in.
The crew prepared the equipment for CTD. The CTD dimple
slip and pipe ram blowout preventer 共BOP兲 and a 7 161 in. annular
connector was installed and pull/pressure tested. The wellhead
BOP were installed to allow pressure deployment of the bottom-
was re-pressure tested to regulatory 共Alberta Energy Resources
hole drilling assembly. The BOPs were installed on top of the
drilling flow spool and a 7 161 in. full opening valve. The 7 161 in.
valve was installed to allow the CTD control equipment at the
surface to be removed without killing the well. Conceptually, we
were planning on snubbing in the completion string under pres-
sure, at the conclusion of drilling. However, the well ended up
killing itself with produced formation water, so the completion
string, and rod and pump, were run conventionally. A 7 161 in.
‘‘Bowen’’ connector was installed on top of the annular BOP to
permit the installation of a wireline lubricator for pressure deploy-
ment of the drilling assembly. A specially constructed CTD sub-
structure was installed over the wellhead to facilitate handling the
lubricator for pressure deployment and installing the CT stripper,
BOPs, and injector head.
The closed-production system equipment components shown in
Fig. 2 were rigged in. Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the complete
closed system from drill bit to separator and associated production
control equipment.
Milligan, Andreychuk, and Lunan: Coiled-Tubing Drilling SPE Drill. & Completion, Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2000 93
Fig. 5– BHPÕBHT data.
94 Milligan, Andreychuk, and Lunan: Coiled-Tubing Drilling SPE Drill. & Completion, Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2000
Fig. 6– Survey data. Fig. 8– Coiled tubing life „%….
Fig. 7– Coiled tubing force overlay. Fig. 9– Usage of time to pull the RBP and CTD.
Milligan, Andreychuk, and Lunan: Coiled-Tubing Drilling SPE Drill. & Completion, Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2000 95
10. Circulating pressures were under the predicted values. Shell Canada has not pursued CTD opportunities elsewhere,
Lower circulating pressures greatly decreased the percentage of primarily due to competitive pressures from low-cost conven-
CT life consumed to drill the lateral section 共Fig. 8兲. tional drilling in Western Canada, and difficulties quantifying the
11. Short rig-up/rig-down times enhanced project operations. advantages of underbalanced drilling in terms of reduced forma-
Quick bit trips also contributed to a decreased project cost. Fig. 9 tion damage and increased well productivity. Nevertheless, it is
illustrates the percentage of time used accomplishing various tasks the authors’ opinion that CTD does have a niche especially for
throughout the project. underbalanced applications. Reduced CTD costs and improved
quantification of the advantages related to formation damage re-
Recommendations duction would stimulate its application.
1. Participate in more underbalanced CTD projects to refine
and enhance operations. Continual CTD exposure will result in Acknowledgments
better productivity, lower daily costs, and increased efficiency. The authors thank the management of Shell Canada, Dowell Div.
2. Configure surface drilling equipment only to CTD opera- of Schlumberger Canada, and Northland Production Testing Ltd.
tions. Specializing in a CTD service will enhance location layout for permission to publish. In addition, we thank John Ramalho,
and operational effectiveness. Shell Canada drilling foreman for his enthusiasm, support and
3. Develop a BHA that is functional when drilling with gas, onsite supervision of CTD operations.
nitrified fluid or foam, and be capable of providing surveys and
orientation in real time. Electromagnetic 共EM兲 or wireline tech-
nology will greatly enhance the effectiveness of underbalanced
SI Metric Conversion Factors
directional drilling with gasified fluids.
4. Structure the BOP stack for CTD operations only. Running a bbl ⫻ 1.589 873 E⫺01 ⫽ m3
dual combination quad stack will shorten rig up and pressure test- in. ⫻ 2.54 E⫹00 ⫽ cm
ing time. It will also enhance deployment operations. ft ⫻ 3.048 E⫺01 ⫽ m
5. Cross train directional drillers and CT operators. Training on ft3 ⫻ 2.831 685 E⫺02 ⫽ m3
CT operations would also be beneficial. psi ⫻ 6.984 757 E⫹00 ⫽ kPa
6. Implement the use of nitrogen-generating units on location;
especially for wells requiring large amounts of nitrogen to be SPEDC
drilled.
7. Enhancing CTD operations and equipment 共wellhead con- Mike Milligan is Chief Production Engineer with Shell Canada
figuration, EM/wireline BHA兲 will greatly increase the profi- in Calgary. e-mail: michael.milligan@shell.ca. He champions
ciency of the operation and further reduce costs. the introduction of new technologies geared to business
8. Obtaining annular BHP/BHT in real time is critical with need. Milligan holds a degree in mechanical engineering
regard to calculating mud motor volumetric requirements. from Willesden College of Technology. Mark Andreychuk
is President of Cancoil Technology Corp. e-mail:
Followup Observations andreychuk@cancoil.com. He previously was with Dowell. An-
dreychuk holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the
The following observations were compiled in January 1999—
U. of Manitoba. Brian Lunan is President of Curtis, Lunan, &
some four years after the underbalanced CTD of the horizontal Assocs. e-mail: blunan@compuserve.com. He previously was
sidetrack at House Mountain. The CTD operation itself was an with Northland Production Testing Ltd. Lunan holds a BS de-
outstanding technical success. Unfortunately, the well only pro- gree in metallurgy and an MS degree in petroleum oil and gas
duced water when put on production at 50 m3/d on beam pump. exploration, both from the U. of Aberdeen.
96 Milligan, Andreychuk, and Lunan: Coiled-Tubing Drilling SPE Drill. & Completion, Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2000