Assignment Number 1

Submitted by: STO. TOMAS, SHAIRA F.

Submitted to: Ma’am Gomez, Marife Estallo

Evolution of Microprocessor
First Generation Microprocessors (1971-1972)
The instructions of these microprocessors were processed serially, they
fetched the instruction, decoded and then executed it. When an instruction of the
microprocessor was finished, then the microprocessor updates the instruction pointer
& fetched the following instruction, performing this consecutive operation for each
instruction in turn.
Second Generation Microprocessors (1970-1979)
Examples of the second-generation microprocessors are 16-bit arithmetic 7
pipelined instruction processing, MC68000 Motorola microprocessor. These
processors are introduced in the year 1979, and Intel 8080 processor is another
example of the microprocessor. The second generation of the microprocessor is
defined by overlapped fetch, decode, and execute the steps. When the first generation
is processed in the execution unit, then the second instruction is decoded and the third
instruction is fetched.
Third Generation Microprocessors (1978)
Intel’s 8086 and Zilog Z8000. These were 16-bit processors with a
performance like mini computers. These types of microprocessors were different
from the previous generations of microprocessors in that all main workstation
industrialists began evolving their own ISC based microprocessor architectures.
Fourth Generation Microprocessors
Composed with million transistors. Leading-edge microprocessors like
Motorola’s 88100 and Intel’s 80960CA could issue & retire more than one
instruction per clock cycle.
Fifth Generation Microprocessors
Employed decoupled superscalar processing, and their design soon exceeded
10 million transistors. PCs are a low-margin, high volume business conquered by a
single microprocessor.
Transistor (Dec 23rd, 1947) - Bell lab
Integrated Circuit (1958) - J Kilby
4-bit Microprocessor
INTEL 4004/4040 (1971) - Stanley Mazor & Ted Hoff. The clock speed of this
microprocessor is 740 KHz. The number of transistors used in this
microprocessor is 2,300 and instruction per second is 60K. The number of pins
of this microprocessor is 16.
8-bit Microprocessor
8008 processor (1972) - The clock speed of this microprocessor is 500 KHz
and instruction per second is 50K
8080 microprocessor (1974) - The clock speed is 2 MHz. The number of
transistors used is 60k and instruction per second is 10 times quicker as
compared with 8008 processor.
8085 microprocessor (1976) - The clock speed is 3 MHz. The number of
transistors used is 6,500 and instruction per second is 769230. The number of
pins of this microprocessor is 40
16-bit Microprocessor
8086 microprocessor (1978) - The clock speed is 4.77, 8 & 10 MHz. The
number of transistors used is 29000 and instruction per second is 2.5 Million.
The number of pins of this microprocessor is 40
8088 microprocessor (1979) - Instruction per second is 2.5 Million
80186/80188 microprocessor (1982) - The clock speed is 6 MHz
80286 microprocessor (1982) - The clock speed is 8 MHz. The number of
transistors used is 134000 and instruction per second is 4 Million. The number
of pins of this microprocessor is 68
32-bit Microprocessor
Intel 80386 microprocessor (1986) - The clock speed is 16 MHz to 33 MHz.
The number of transistors used is 275000. The number of pins of this
microprocessor is 132 14X14 PGA
Intel 80486 microprocessor (1986) - The clock speed is 16MHz to 100 MHz.
The number of transistors used is 1.2 Million transistors and instruction per
second is 8 KB of cache memory. The number of pins of this microprocessor is
168 17X17 PGA (Pin Grid Array)
PENTIUM microprocessor (1993) - The clock speed is 66 MHz and
instruction per second is Cache memory 8-bit for instructions 8- bit for data. The
number of pins of this microprocessor is 237 PGA
64-bit Microprocessor
INTEL core 2 microprocessor (2006) - The clock speed is 1.2 GHz to 3 GHz.
The number of transistors used is 291 Million and instruction per second is 64
KB of L1 cache for each core 4 MB of L2 cache.
i3, i5, i7 microprocessors (2007, 2009, 2010) - The clock speed is 2GHz to
3.3GHz, 2.4GHz to 3.6GHz & 2.93GHz to t 3.33GHz.
 Evolution of Microprocessor in Different Applications
Business Calculator (1971)
A business calculator like Unicom 141P was invented. It was out of the leading gadgets
that include a microprocessor.
Commodore PET (1971)
PET was implemented & is mostly recognized as the main all-in-one home computer.
Washing Machine (1977)
Washing machines were launched which were controlled through leading microchips.
Arcade Mania (1980)
Namco established Pac-Man within the pathway of the United States & ignited a novel
trend.
Osborne 1 Laptop (1981)
Osborne 1 Laptop was launched using five screens with 10.7kgs of weight. For most
modern laptops, it is a great grand-father.
Nintendo NES (1986)
The consoles refreshed the gaming business like Nintendo Entertainment System.
Computing Democratized (1991)
The invention of Personal, as well as business computing, blasted through a wide
variety of desktops laptops & tabs.
MP3 Player (1997)
A music player was launched to enjoy music in a modern way
BlackBerry (1999)
The Smartphone insurgence boosted with the launch of RIM’s Blackberry 850
Apple iPod (2001)
Gave the prospect of MP3 music set-up a new range of set tunes.
Microsoft Windows Tablet (2002)
Businesses were using these tabs for more helpful works.
Netbook (2008)
Netbooks were launched because of small as well as a light-weighted device for
carrying out simple jobs, enjoying media & internet content.
Apple iPod (2010)
Tabs hit the client’s main-stream through the release of the iPod.
Digital Signage (2011)
First of the enormous new usages of the microprocessor. Academic, internet-
connected devices were established in the everyday life from commerce & retail to
farming as well as automobiles.
Ultrabook (2011)
The development of the PC takes an extra gigantic step like fashionable Ultrabook
devices with high-performance computing experience.

MICROPROCESSOR
A CPU that it is an essential component of the computer
A silicon chip that comprises millions of transistors and other electronic
components that process millions of instructions per second.
Accepts digital data as i/p and processes it according to the instructions stored
in the memory.
Sends and receives data to make the function of the computer well.

Reference:
Evolution of Microprocessor: Types of Microprocessors (n.d.). Retrieved
February 7, 2021 from https://www.elprocus.com/evolution-of-microprocessor-
with-applications/