Pop Culture in JoJo & JoJo in Pop Culture

Shane Le Mar

BA (Hons) Animation Art & Practice - 53273

27/02/2020
Shane Le Mar

‘What effect did Pop Culture have on

JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure, and what
effect did JoJo’s have on Pop Culture?’

Anime is a term that has been coined for all Japanese Animation and is typically aimed at
adults as well as children. Which is different to the Western World of cartoons, as they are
typically manufactured for children (and maybe teenagers) with the exception of a few.
Manga is a term that has been given to Japanese Comic Books and once again, these are
aimed at every one of any varying ages as opposed to one cornered market. A Mangaka is
the Author of a Manga (which could include Story Writer and Illustrator).
Piracy is the act of reproducing, redistributing or reselling a copyrighted work without
permissions, for example uploading Manga or Anime to the web.
Memes are an idea, theme or interesting thing that spreads amongst people in a culture.
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a Manga series written by Hirohiko Araki in 1986 - Ongoing
that is published by Shueisha (a manga publishing company) and Jump Comics. JoJo is
categorized as Seinen Manga, which is manga typically aimed at men of all ages however
JoJo is much more of a serious manga aimed at the older (teenage to adult) men. The series
focuses on the ever-growing lineage of the Joestar family throughout many ages (parts 1 – 6)
facing supernatural forces, and even alternate universes (parts 7 & 8) that reboot other parts.

An Introduction.
With every new, continuing and
classic Anime and Manga comes
the attempt to bring something
new to the table and the clear que
taking from those that came
before, a huge factor into this Wang Chang and Dio –
process of interaction is that of JJBA Phantom Blood
Kaneda - Akira 1988 S01E09
Popular Culture. With the majority of
Anime there is a lot more take than give, however there are some exceptions to this majorly
one-sided relationship. For example, in the late 80’s Katsuhiro Otomo’s adaptation of Akira
left a huge mark on Pop Culture1, even going so far as to provide inspiration for such films as
The Matrix Trilogy. As well as providing inspiration, Akira also took inspiration from
Videodrome and the early Star Wars movies. More recently, you have Anime’s like Steins
Gate that has had a profound impact on the Sci-Fi Anime world and the Sci-Fi Visual Novel
sphere of gaming. However, for this Essay I would like to discuss the interactive relationship
between JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure and Popular Culture. It has a rich history of adaptions (of
questionable quality) into many, many mediums such as Games, Anime, Manga, Gallery’s,
Merchandise, Drinks and even the Fashion Industry. Despite all of these adaptions, however
the capabilities of technology and budget required in creating each of these adaptions has

1
https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/kwk55w/how-akira-has-influenced-modern-culture

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never really been there. It was not until 2012 that JoJo even got a good Anime adaptation, let
alone game or movie. The art style and complex story has been a challenge to any that
attempted to translate it into a different medium other than the Manga. Nevertheless, despite
this uphill struggle JoJo has still had a powerful impact on pop culture (specifically in the
East and in more recent years the West too). JoJo is an ever-evolving piece of work, take the
decade JoJo began in (1988) and the 80’s were ripe with Gothic Horror and slasher flicks.
Also popular at the time were Vampire Movies with this decade seeing the release of Fright
Night, Lost Boys and even Vamp. These all fed into Araki’s decision to make the first Part of
JoJo a Gothic Horror about vampires but even more than the films that were out at the time
he was a huge fan of Bram Stokers Dracula, which can really be seen throughout the entirety
of Phantom Blood. This heavy inspiration and referencing were characteristics that later
became what JoJo (to an extent) is known for. However, the references do not simply stop at
common themes; the Main Antagonist Dio takes their name from the 1982 Heavy Metal Band
of the same name. The majority of characters and abilities (called Stands in JoJo) are named
after things that the Mangaka enjoys.
Throughout this Essay, I will prove that JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure is a
postmodern work of art. I will do this by looking at the cultural ques
that Araki was influenced by when writing JoJo and how JoJo has
influenced certain cultures. With this in mind, I have chosen an excerpt
from The Media Student’s Book 2 where the descriptors of
Postmodernism are broken down into four individual statements. The
excerpt reads:
“Postmodernism has been used to mean at least four things, - A period of
JoJo's Bizarre
Social Life, A Form of Cultural Sensibility, An Aesthetic Style, A Mode of
Adventure Part 1,
Thought, useful for Analysing the period”.
Chapter 11, Page 5
With this in mind, I will be taking ques from this school of thought in-
turn analysing JoJo with focus on Society, Culture, Aesthetic and the Period it was
released/set both in terms of Pop Culture and on Araki’s personal level. In order to prove that
JoJo is a Postmodern work I will need a solid understanding of what Postmodernism is. That
is why I have referenced Fredrick Jameson’s in-depth work on ‘Postmodernism, or The
Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism’. In this work, he defined Postmodernism as:
“an attempt to think the present historically in an age that has forgotten how to think historically in
the first place. In that case, it either "expresses" some deeper irrepressible historical impulse (in
however distorted a fashion) or effectively "represses" and diverts it, depending on the side of the
ambiguity you happen to favour”.3

I believe that armed with this knowledge of Postmodernism and a solid definition of it to
back up my point. Paired with the aforementioned points on how to work out if something
adheres to the conventions of what makes a subject Postmodern, I think that I can go about
proving that (in my opinion) JoJo is an amazing work that really pioneers a new style of
writing and illustrations within manga, anime and any medium JoJo touches. It is truly unique
and in order to ground my thoughts in academic theory I will prove that JoJo is a very
postmodern work in a great many ways.

2
Branston, G. and Stafford, R., 2002. The Media Student's Book. 3rd ed. England: Routledge
3
Jameson, F., 1991. Postmodernism or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. USA: Duke University Press.

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Shane Le Mar

How Pop Culture and Time Influenced Araki’s Writing.

Throughout the writing of JoJo, it is clear
and indisputable that Pop Culture has
influenced Araki’s writing in many ways.
This is proven through many interviews with
Araki himself.4 One of the most noticeable
influences in his writing and illustrations is
that of Western Music. All but a few of the
characters names, designs and abilities
(Stands) are named after or based off of a
western Band, Song or Artist. However
contrary to what it may seem like his biggest
personal inspiration was in fact Da Vinci and
early romance manga’s such as Ai to An excerpted panel from JoJo Stone Ocean (2000
5
Makoto . This was because he grew up in a – 2003)
poor family that couldn’t afford to buy many things so he would get passed down
manga and books as well as whatever he could get at libraries. As
a result of this from a very young age Araki knew all there was to
know about the Vitruvian Man6 and proportioning, so even as a
child Araki could draw very accurately and to an astonishing
degree. All of these factors are what eventually paved the way
that allowed him to construct his own visual style and stories
based on what he was seeing growing up. As Araki got older, he
would find the Post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin which
would one day prove to be a great influence in the conception and
Vitruvian Man - Leonardo
continual production of his Manga. Gauguin is known for his
Da Vinci (1490) very experimental application of colours and this is what
resonated within Araki, later
leading him to choose a similar path. This can be seen as the
art style of JoJo takes the realistic art style of the characters
and then blends it with surreal colours, to this day Araki
continues to do this in ever cover and every panel of his work.
Araki decided to name the characters and stand
abilities after Western Musicians, songs and bands
that he enjoyed. He even went so far as to design
some characters around artists in the western music
scene. It would be hard to dispute that Araki thinks
long and hard about how to incorporate his
favourite songs and bands into his work. But this
isn’t the case, it is in fact simply a hobby for Araki Black Sabbath – JoJo
Manga Part 5 Vento Aureo
(as stated in the 2006 interview with Araki 7) for
- Hirohiko Araki 1995
the first few parts of JoJo it is clear there was more
Comparison between David Bowie (left)
4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYLRKoWDadM and Kira Yoshikage (right) [Bowie
5 promoting
https://myanimelist.net/manga/23309/Ai_to_Makoto?q=Ai%20to%20Makoto Serious Moonlight (1983) &
6
https://www.leonardodavinci.net/the-vitruvian-man.jsp Promotion for JoJo's Part 4

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thought into what Araki wanted to do with his references. Take the infamous character Kira
Yoshikage and the uncanny resemblance to David Bowie8, but as with everything in JoJo’s
this reference goes even deeper as Kira’s Stand abilities (Killer Queen, Sheer Heart Attack
and Bites the Dust) are all based off of titles of Queen9 songs. Araki paired these two (David
Bowie and Queen) together as a nod to when Queen and David Bowie collaborated to make
the 1982 No.1 Hit Single Under Pressure10. This one instance alone is a fantastic example of
the intertextuality that runs deep within JoJo, this is rings true when you think how well Kira
and his Stands combine with his personality (he is a refined man that just wants to live a quiet
life, all his
Stardust abilitiesMap
Crusaders support this being
of Journey Japanable to turn
- Cairo, back
Egypt time and silently explode anyone who
(JoJo's
notices
Bizarrehim). This harmony
Adventure between
Part 3: Stardust Stand ability
Crusaders 1989 –and
1992)user is taken from how well Araki
thought David Bowie and Queen sounded in their track together. So not only is this used as a
great storytelling technique for those who know of the artists and songs but it’s an even better
way for Araki to express his opinions on others work in his own.
To demonstrate another way in which Araki has created an intertextual piece with JoJo I
would like to mention how the entirety of the third part, (Stardust Crusaders) plays out like a
game of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D)11. This is once again by no mere coincidence either, as
Araki wrote Stardust Crusaders as if it were a game of D&D to give that real sense of a large-
scale adventure. This is apparent with the sequential nature of enemies appearing, presenting
threats and soon after their dispatchment at the hands of our protagonists. Each Stand ability
in this Part is represented by either an Egyptian God or a Tarot Card which furthers the feel
of a D&D game, the way each enemy Stand seems randomly drawn to face off against our
characters serves to put them against overpowered enemies that force them sacrifice others
and loose friends just like in a game of D&D. The release years of Stardust are integral in the
D&D theme as during the late 80’s to early 90’s we saw the most innovative iterations of the
role-playing board game released which clearly had an impact on Araki’s writing.

Araki’s Art Style and Popular Culture influences.

It’s becoming more and
more apparent that JoJo is
one of the most ground-
breaking intertextual
works of the late 20th and
21st century, but it goes
much deeper than
references of western pop
Johnathan, Joseph, Jotaro and Josuke in
bands and board games.
Araki's new Style (Hirohiko Araki -
JoJo is a Pastiche of a JoJo6251 – Page 2)
great many things taken from the time it
was written but on an even deeper level JoJo is becoming a
Pastiche of itself. As Fredric Jameson said :
7 Fist of the North Star
https://www.comipress.com/article/2007/04/29/1896 [Question for Araki-sensei! (10): "Western music and
(Tetsuo Hara & Buronson)
its influence"]
8 1983 - Present
https://www.davidbowie.com/home
9
http://www.queenonline.com/
10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a01QQZyl-_I
11
https://dnd.wizards.com/

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 JoJo's Bizarre Adventure - Phan
(Part 1) Art Example
Shane Le Mar

“Pastiche has overtaken parody in the twentieth century. It has become a major
characteristic of postmodernism and an eclectic culture of the simulacrum and the copy” 12.
This statement could not ring truer for JoJo as throughout the many years of its publication
there have been a lot of art style switches, some due to Araki getting better at illustration,
some have simply been Araki experimenting and the earliest styles to conform with manga
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure – Diamond Is
art at that current time. For example, when JoJo began another popular Manga at the time was
Unbreakable (Part 4) Art Example
Fist of the North Star13 and this is what can clearly be seen as the major inspiration for the art
of JoJo Part 1 (Phantom Blood). The detail on the faces, muscular bodies and sharp black
lines are signature of Fist of the North Star, Araki enjoyed this aesthetic and emulated it with
his own personal twist for the first part of JoJo. This worked very well as people were
accustomed to this style and it was widely accepted as a good style, however Araki (always
wanting to improve) meant that this would not be the style for long as even by the end of
Phantom Blood the style was very different to how it began only 44 chapters14 (not even a
year) ago. This was to be the trend for the rest
of the Manga, with Part 2 (Battle Tendency)
and Part 3 (Stardust Crusaders) continuing to
react to the times, change and improve. But
around April of 1992 Part 3 came to an end and
Part 4 (Diamond Is Unbreakable) began its run,
there was a huge art style shift that had a softer
and more comical look. This did fit with the
theme of the series at the time as prior to Part
4, JoJo had just been spectacular fight scenes
and an adventure over huge areas. Part 4
Shokugeki no Soma - Chapter 71 (Megumi &
contrasted this with a slow burning murder
Kurokiba)
mystery confining our story to the small
Japanese prefecture of Morioh. The show had cultivated its own style of
comedy too, this was partly down to the references and the wacky designs but also because
the early 90’s saw many popular comedy films and murder mysteries like Agatha Christies
Poirot (TV)15. This trend of art styles changes, and theme changes continues right up to
modern JoJo today, all these changes and modifications could easily be viewed as ‘trend
chasing’ but if that were the case other long running Manga’s would have surely done the
same. This is not the case; Araki simply want to keep himself and his readers engaged with
his work. All of these elements reinforce the fact that JoJo is a heterogeneous work
combining different cultures, themes and styles into one ground-breaking piece of Art. When
talking about the Art of JoJo it would be remiss of me not to mention some of the
achievements that Araki’s art has garnered over the years and the inspiration it has given.
One of the best examples of Araki’s influence is in the cooking battle Anime/Manga,
Shokugeki no Soma16 where in which two characters enter into a Shokugeki (roughly
translated to a ‘Food Battle’) and in this one case the art style changes up to that of the JoJo
12
Jameson, 1991, 16-24; Schwartz 1998
13
https://myanimelist.net/manga/1149/Hokuto_no_Ken
14
https://myanimelist.net/manga/1517/JoJo_no_Kimyou_na_Bouken_Part_1__Phantom_Blood?q=phantom
%20blood
15
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094525/episodes?season=3
16
https://myanimelist.net/manga/45757/Shokugeki_no_Souma

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art style. The two characters (Megumi and Kurokiba) who both specialise in fish based meals
then appear to gain fish-like Stand abilities one resembling the JoJo Stand, Spice Girl
(referencing the Spice Girls) and King Crimson (referencing the rock band of the same) they
then proceed to have a fist battle, identical to those in JoJo,
Tengathis is only
(left) one of many
Mob Psycho examples
100 Josuke
of JoJo’s influence on Pop Culture. Another would be in a Manga/Anime
(Right) JoJo Part 4 titled Mob Psycho
17
100 where an entire character design (Tenga) is based off of Josuke from JoJo Part 4. Araki
also had his art displayed in the Louvre18 (France) more than 3 times, this was previously
unprecedented until Araki achieved this. But more than displaying his artwork in the Gallery,
he has been commissioned to create a promotional work for the Louvre19. This was completed
in the form of a one-shot manga called “Rohan at the Louvre”20 that was on sale in the gallery
and in back in Araki’s home country of Japan. Araki has explored so many other markets
than the traditional target market for Manga and Anime, this has all gone towards
consolidating him as one of the most prolific Mangakas of our time.

JoJo’s Circulation into Popular Culture & the Effect

Localisation had on the Experience.
For such a popular franchise JoJo has had a lot
more than its fair share of troubles to get read
anywhere outside of Japan, let alone anything
else. Even the simplest of ways to reach the rest
of the world was plagued with issues. A great
example of this is the Manga’s localisation (and
what has now become known and the ‘Duwang
Diamond is Unbreakable, Volume 37, Chapter Translations’ due to whenever the word ‘days’
342, Page 18 - Bad Tranlation Manga - VIZ
was said in the Manga it was translated as
Media & Hirohiko Araki (original print date
November 29th 1993)
Duwang). For a great many years JoJo wasn’t
even translated into English, when VIZ Media
started to translate it, they got hit with copyright immediately. This was in response to how
Araki named characters and Stand abilities. A Stand name like ‘Aerosmith’ (based on the
American rock band of the same name) was localised to ‘Lil’
Bomber’21 and one of my personal favourite localised names
was the Stand ‘Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap’ (named after the
1976 AC/DC LP of the same name) which VIZ Media changed
to ‘Filthy Acts at a Reasonable Price’22. The reason I mention
these things is because they marred the overall experience of
JoJo, now granted these are minor things that wouldn’t usually
affect the overall story or reception of a series. It was the sheer
number of mistakes, roadblocks and irritation combined that
put off a huge audience. You couldn’t even enjoy the story in Narancia's Aerosmith vs
Risotto - Part 5 Golden Wind -
17
https://myanimelist.net/anime/32182/Mob_Psycho_100 1995 Araki . H
18
https://www.louvre.fr/en/
19
https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-01-22/jojo-araki-creates-manga-for-france-louvre-
museum
20
https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/manga.php?id=16004
21
https://jojo.fandom.com/wiki/Aerosmith
22
https://jojo.fandom.com/wiki/Dirty_Deeds_Done_Dirt_Cheap

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its intended order as when JoJo received its first adaption in 1993, that adapted the third part
of JoJo. Thus, dropping the viewer into a scenario/story they knew nothing about and to make
matters worse the studio adapted the second longest JoJo Part (265 chapters) into 6 episodes,
missing out so much.
This forced fans of JoJo into piracy, as this was the only
way to get JoJo content in its purest (and best) form, this
is even the case today. If you were to pirate the Manga
you would get it without changed names, all translated
correctly and in most cases even in colour (there are
JJBA Part 5 Ep 2 - Bucciarati Is groups of Manga fans who panel by panel colour Manga
Coming (Nov 2, 2019) Left (Original) to make it even more visually appealing). This calls back
Right (Pirated) to the 2011 interview with Gabe Newell (President of
Valve, a game publisher) where he was quoted saying:
“One thing that we have learned is that piracy is not a pricing issue. It’s a service issue. The
easiest way to stop piracy is not by putting antipiracy technology to work. It’s by giving those
people a service that’s better than what they’re receiving from the pirates.”23
This quote could not ring truer when
talking about JoJo, even when it comes to
watching the Anime, if you watch it
through Official channels you get
censorship, name changes and lower visual
fidelity of episodes, even region locked in
some countries. Whereas if you watch the
Pirated version you can watch it anywhere
in the world, subtitled in all languages, and
no name changes etc. This led to JoJo
garnering a huge cult following in
‘underground anime’ circles further
ingraining itself into popular culture
through memes, discussion and references.
It’s got to the stage where there is a
common phrase used amongst JoJo fans
that goes ‘Is that a JoJo Reference?’ or ‘Is
that a JoJoke?’ 24 this can be used as a Gabriel DropOut - Episode 2 (2017)
comment towards anything that even
slightly resembles something in JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure. In the JoJo Fan-Community (or
Fandom) it is even used as an insult towards people who haven’t seen JoJo. Going so far as to
be used as an insult in other shows like Gabriel DropOut25 where a new student joins the
school and the reason for her lack of popularity is blamed on not knowing what JoJo is.

23
https://www.geekwire.com/2011/experiments-video-game-economics-valves-gabe-newell/
24
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/is-this-a-jojo-reference
25
https://myanimelist.net/anime/33731/Gabriel_DropOut/episode/2

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Shane Le Mar

Fredric Jameson spoke about the Utopian

Popular Culture in the text “Reification and
Utopia in Mass Culture” where he stated that:
“The theory of mass culture--or mass
audience culture, commercial culture,
"popular" culture, the culture industry, as it is
variously known--has always tended to define
its object against so-called high culture
without reflecting on the objective status of
this opposition. As so often, positions in this
field reduce themselves to two mirror-images
Araki has designed an entire fashion range and are essentially staged in terms of value.
based off of JoJo costumes for the brand Gucci Thus, the familiar motif of elitism argues for
the priority of mass culture on the grounds of
the sheer numbers of people exposed to it; the pursuit of high or hermetic culture is then
stigmatized as a status hobby of small groups of intellectual.”26
In this quote Jameson touches on the idea of Elitism and Mass Culture which are two things
very prominent in the JoJo Fandom as demonstrated by the previous example of insults based
on not watching JoJo.

Conclusion.
To conclude with I’d like to touch
on the idea of Mass Culture (that
Jameson mentioned in the
previous quote) as it is common to
relate mass culture to the western-
capitalist-media but I’d like to
look at JoJo from this viewpoint
for a moment. This is because
after being exposed to JoJo and
becoming a huge fan of the show I
have started to look at other media
with a different viewpoint. I
unconsciously watch other TV
All eight members of the Joestar Lineage drawn in Araki's
shows, Adverts or even when I’m
new style - 2017
out in day-to-day life, and I’ll
laugh to myself if something resembles something else that is in JoJo.
Now this sounds strange to most people but for fans of JoJo it is very common as people will
take photos of things in other mediums and post them in forums for other JoJo fans to enjoy.
This isn’t the usual way you would apply the term ‘Mass Culture’ and it’s nowhere near
large-scale however if you were to segregate all the people in the JoJo Fandom I believe
you’d see common themes and behaviours occur that wouldn’t if you hadn’t been exposed to
JoJo; which may simply be a result of an over obsessive community but there are larger,

26
Jameson, F. (1979). Reification and Utopia in Mass Culture. Social Text, [online] (1), p.2.
Page 8 of 13
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more vocal communities that do not display these traits. Either way the JoJo community is a
small but very passionate and vocal one. The Fandom is growing more and more with each
part and is even hitting the mainstream Western Anime audience, with services like Netflix
taking an interest in JoJo27 (JoJo will hit Netflix 1st March 2020) I believe that JoJo will gain
more and more impact on Pop Culture in coming years.
By now it is pretty clear that JoJo is a Post-
Modern piece, and there is no disputing that.
But it goes so much deeper than that, to some
JoJo is (at the risk of sounding farfetched) a
lifestyle to some. The real fanatics will quote
JoJo all the time - watch, read and play
anything JoJo related – collect all the models
and merchandise. This overblown love for
Hirohiko Araki - Lucca Comics & Games 2019 JoJo is driven by how well viewers can
connect to the show through its loveable
JoJo x Vans (2019 ) characters, engaging story and of course its
many, many references. I had been
subconsciously consuming JoJo content for years, with Characters in Street Fighter being
based off of JoJo characters28, Meowth (a Pokémon creature) in Pokémon performing JoJo
poses whilst shouting DIO’s (the main antagonist of JoJo) catchphrase or even Joseph Frost
from Resident Evil having the same name and a similar design to Joseph Joestar. It was
almost inevitable that when I watched JoJo, I would enjoy it. JoJo has inspired the colour
palette for some of my personal projects, I’m even trying to replicate some of the iconic
sound effects in my own Animations. It is safe to say that Araki’s work has had a great
influence upon my work and my work ethic as he is constantly evolving, trying new things, to
be the best mangaka he can be. I believe that in the future we will see more works similar to
JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure because it really is pioneering a new style of writing and
illustration. All of these influences, both upon me and pop culture really just go to show the
profound impact of JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure. To call back to my initial question of:
‘What effect did Pop Culture have on JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure, and what effect did JoJo’s
have on Pop Culture?’
I’d like to answer this by first covering the fact that JoJo is woven into Popular Culture both
at the times of each part’s publication and at a time in the future where people can look back
and see what Araki was subconsciously doing, when referencing the bands and people that he
did. The fact that he was naming fictional characters and abilities after real songs and artists
is in itself a Postmodern Act, he isn’t doing it for any other reason than that it pleases him,
but when someone else looks upon his work it appears as if it were done with some higher
purpose, to serve as some deep message about that specific band or song – which
retrospectively it can, and in some cases Araki even meant to do this, but for the most part it
was all simply his wish to include things that interested him. As for the effect JoJo had on
Popular Culture, I’ve shown several examples of when another show has referenced JoJo but
one thing, I didn’t mention is that whenever a certain artist is mentioned or even when a song
is used it then becomes a part of JoJo and thus JoJo a part of it. People that may have never
27
https://www.netflix.com/title/80179831
28
https://www.polygon.com/a/street-fighter-2-oral-history/chapter-2

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listened to The Bangles29 (the song Walk Like an Egyptian was used as the Ending Theme for
Part 3 Stardust Crusaders) are now listening to them and the same with any other reference
that is in JoJo. This interaction between Pop Culture and JoJo is what has made it, in my
opinion, one of the best pieces of work of our time, and subsequently Hirohiko Araki one of
JoJo cosplayers at Romics Ottobre
the best and most prolific writers of a generation.

29
http://thebangles.com/

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Bibliography:

Araki, H. (1986 - Present). JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure. Japan: Shueisha, Lucky Land
Communications.
Araki, H. (1994). JoJo6251. 1st ed. Japan: Shueisha, Lucky Land Communications, p.2.
Araki, H. (1999). Deddo Manzu Q. 1st ed. Tōkyō: Allman (Shueisha), p.1.
Araki, H., (2014). JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Part 1 - Phantom Blood, Vol. 1. San Francisco,
California: VIZ Media: SHONEN JUMP ADVANCED.
Branston, G. and Stafford, R., (2002). The Media Student's Book. 3rd ed. England:
Routledge.
Crunchyroll, (2020), The 10 Most Stylish Anime Fashion Collaborations You Should Be
Wearing! (JoJo x Gucci) [ONLINE]. Available at: https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-
feature/2018/08/14-1/the-10-most-stylish-anime-fashion-collaborations-you-should-be-
wearing [Accessed 11 February 2020].
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