1.

0 INTRODUCTION

Bridge is a structure that covers a spot and supply passage over a stream, chasm, road or the
other physical hurdle. Generally, bridges carry a road or railway across a natural or artificial
obstacle like a stream, canal or another railway or road. Bridge could be a structure
corresponding to the heaviest responsibility in carrying a free flow of transport and is that the
most significant part of transportation just in case of communication over spacing or gaps for
no matter reason like valleys or gorges. However, bridges area unit classified on the idea that
the four forces particularly shear, compression, tension and moment area unit distributed
within the bridge structure. The look of bridge is two supports holding up a beam,
nevertheless the engineering issues that has got to be overcome even during this easy type
area unit inherent in each bridge. The support should be robust enough to carry the structure
up and therefore the span between supports should be robust enough to hold the loads. Spans
area unit usually created as short as attainable. Long spans area unit even wherever smart
foundations area unit restricted.

Figure 1 Truss Bridge

In this project, we design a truss bridge that is a simple skeletal structure to carry 10kg load.
This project aims to develop our understanding of tensile and compressive strength of
construction materials by understanding the distribution of force in an exceedingly truss. In
order to succeed that, we needed do a precedent study on a span of our alternative, analysing
the connections, arrangements and orientations of the members.
2.0 OBJECTIVES

This project is completed for the subsequent objectives:

1. To identify the engineering principles behind bridge building.

2. To achieve understanding of bridge loading and perform calculations for merely
supported bridge.
3. To design and build a bridge consistent with specifications and ready to apply
theoretical of structural analysis into planning of a bridge.
3.0 MANUAL CALCULATION
H I J K L

300mm

C
D
E A F B G
FYC=50N FYD=50N
50N 50N

225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm

(1) Find reaction

+ ∑MC = 0

50(450) + 50(750) – FYD (1200) = 0

60 000
FYD =
1200
FYD = 50N

+ ∑FY = 0
FYC – 50 – 50 + 50 = 0
FYC = 50N

+ ∑FX = 0
FXC = 0

(2) Find m + r = 2j

m + r = 2j
21 + 3 = 2(12)
24 = 24 STATICALLY DETERMINATE AND STABLE
 (3) Find internal force member (F)

ALTERNATE MTHOD (PRO METHOD)

H
50

37.5
37.5
50
C E

FYC=50N

At point C
(i) FYC 50N = FYCH 50N
FY FX
(ii) =
Y X
50 FX
=
300 225
FXCH = 37.5
(iii) CH = √ (50)2 +(37.5)2
CH = -62.5

(iv) CHX 37.5 = CE 37.5

At point E

(i) CE 37.5 = EA 37.5

(ii) EH = 0

At point H

(i) CHY 50 = HAY 50

FY FX
(ii) =
Y X
50 FX
=
300 225
FXHA = 37.5
(iii) HA = (50)2 +(37.5)2
√
HA = -62.5

(iv) CHX 37.5, HAX 37.5= HIX -75

 I
H J

50

37.5

A
50N

At point A
(i) AY 50 AHY 50 =0 So JAY=0, JA = 0

(ii) AE 37.5, AHX 37.5 = AF 75

At point I
(i) IH 75 = IJ 75
(ii) IA = 0
J

At point F
(i) FA 75 = FB 75
(ii) FJ = 0

K
J L

50

37.5

B
50N

At point B
(i) BY 50 = BLY 50
 FY FX
(ii) =
Y X
50 FX
=
300 225
FXBL = 37.5
(iii) BL = √ (50)2 +(37.5)2
BL = -62.5
(iv) BK = 0

(v) BF 75 = BG 37.5, BLX 37.5

At point K
(i) JK 75 = KL 75

At point G 37.5 G 37.5

(i) GB 37.5 = GD 37.5

(ii) GL = 0

37.5
50
D
G 37.5

50N

At point D
(i) DY 50 = DLY 50
FY FX
(ii) =
Y X
50 FX
=
300 225
FXDL = 37.5

(iii) DL = √ (50)2 +(37.5)2

 DL = -62.5

(iv) DLX 62.5 = DG 62.5

H -75 I -75 J -75 K -75 L

-62.5 +62.5 0 0 0 0 0 +62.5 -62.5 300mm

0

C
D
+37.5 E +37.5 A +75 +75 B +37.5 G +37.5
F
FYC=50N 50N FYD=50N
50N

225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm 225mm

(4) Find virtual work force (µ)

 (5) Find Displacement
Using Displacement of Statically Determinate Plane Trusses
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200x 10^6
Cross section area of the members, A = 2.000

Member L (mm) A E F (N) µ F µL/ AE

CH 375 2.000 200x 10^6 62.5 0.625 3.66x10^-5
AH 375 2.000 200x 10^6 62.5 0.625 3.66x10^-5
CE 225 2.000 200x 10^6 37.5 0.375 7.91x10^-6
AE 225 2.000 200x 10^6 37.5 0.375 7.91x10^-6
EH 300 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0 0
HI 225 2.000 200x 10^6 75 0.75 3.16 x10^-6
IJ 150 2.000 200x 10^6 75 0.75 2.11x10^-5
AI 300 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0 0
AJ 335.4 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0.56 0
AF 150 2.000 200x 10^6 75 1 2.81x10^-5
FJ 300 2.000 200x 10^6 0 1 0
BF 150 2.000 200x 10^6 75 1 2.81x10^-5
BJ 335.4 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0.56 0
JK 150 2.000 200x 10^6 75 0.75 2.11x10^-5
KL 225 2.000 200x 10^6 75 0.75 3.16 x10^-6
BK 300 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0 0
BL 375 2.000 200x 10^6 62.5 0.625 3.66x10^-5
BG 225 2.000 200x 10^6 37.5 0.375 7.91x10^-6
DG 225 2.000 200x 10^6 37.5 0.375 7.91x10^-6
GL 300 2.000 200x 10^6 0 0 0
DL 375 2.000 200x 10^6 62.5 0.625 3.66x10^-5
Ʃ 3.11x10-4

Therefore,
Deflection (at point, F)
Δ r = ƩF µL/ AE
3.11x10-4/400x10^6
=7.78x10^-13