FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY BFC 32501

EXPERIMENT AMMONIACAL NITROGEN & CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

(COD)
CODE / COURSE ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY BFC
32501
SECTION 5

EXPERIMENT DATE 4TH APRIL 2021

GROUP NAME GROUP 2

GROUP MEMBERS ZUL FADHLI BIN SUHAIMI CF190082

MUHAMMAD SYAMIL BIN MOHD NAZRI CF190023
MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN BIN SHAMSHOL CF190133
ANUAR
MUHAMMAD FUAD ADDIB BIN POK ADI @ CF190054
FUADTAYADI
MUHAMAD HAZIM NASRULLAH BIN MOHD CF190109
IDRUS
LECTURER /
INSTRUCTOR / Prof. Madya Ts. Dr. ZAWAWI BIN DAUD
TUTOR NAME
SUBMISSION DATE 2ND MAY 2021
MARKS PSYCHOMOTOR RUBRIC 10 MARKS
AFFECTIVE RUBRIC 10 MARKS
COGNITIVE RUBRIC 25 MARKS
RECEIVED STAMP EXAMINER
COMMENTS
 REPORT CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGES

1.0 DEFINITION 1

2.0 ENVIROMENT POLICY 1

3.0 GOAL 1

4.0 SCOPE 2

5.0 PROJECT LOCATION 2-3

PROCECURE :

1. AMMONIACAL NITROGEN
6.0
 RESULT
2. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)
 RESULT

7.0 DISCUSSION

7.0 CONCLUSION

8.0 REFERENCE

9.0 APPENDIX
1.0 Definition
Environment means the surrounding conditions or environment. Therefore, the
"environment" is towards anything that surrounds human beings. However, environment
specifically refers to the physical phenomena that surround an organism on earth. These physical
phenomena also include phenomena related to climate and weather.
Introduction
In the pursuit of modernity and improving the living standards of the people, economic
activities and development projects of a country are inevitable, people often ignore the
environmental problems that arise as a result of the implementation of economic activities and
development projects. The negative effects of the hasty development and modernization process
are becoming more and more urgent and this results in severe environmental pollution. All of
these negative effects are increasingly threatening health human resources, economic resources
and the independence of the earth. To reduce the impact the negative impact of development on
the environment, every economic activity and development must be balanced with conservation
and preservation efforts of nature.
Pollution can be defined as the dumping of objects or materials from human activities into the
environment causing disruption to the comfort or survival of natural life. A more informative
definition of pollution is according to The Environmental Quality Act 1974 which states that
pollution is any change either directly or indirectly to the physical, chemical, biological properties
or radiation levels of any part of the environment by discharging, removing or disposing of wastes
to the detriment of utility - beneficial uses that give rise to a dangerous or potentially dangerous
condition to health, safety or public welfare or other organisms, plants and animals. Pollution can
be categorized and listed into various forms pollution.

2.0 Environmental policy

The National Environmental Policy (DASN) has been established to continue economic,
social and cultural progress as well as improve the quality of life of Malaysians through
environmental well -being and sustainable development. The purpose of DASN is to achieve:
1. A clean, safe, healthy and productive environment for present and future generations.
2. Conservation of unique culture and natural heritage and effective participation of all
sectors of society.
3. Sustainable lifestyle, consumption patterns and spending.
4. Take care of flora and fauna.

3.0 Goal
1. Environmental monitoring.
2. Conservation and resilience and diversity of nature.
3. Continuous improvement of environmental quality.
4. Sustainable use of natural resources.
4.0 Scope
The scope of monitoring involved is water. Water samples will be taken and sent to the
laboratory for testing. The parameter tests involved are as follows:

1. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

2. Ammonia Nitrogen (AN)

5.0 Project Location

Water Intake

lake university of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

86400 , Parit Raja, Johor

water intake work

6.0 Procedure
6.1 AMMONIA NITROGEN Experiment
6.1.1 Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent :
 Mineral stabilizer
 Polyvinyl alcohol dispersing
 Nessler reagent
6.1.2 Procedure of sample dilution
1) Start program 380N, Ammonia, Ness. For information about sample cells, adapters
or light shields, refer to instrument specific information.
2) Prepare the sample: Fill a mixing cylinder to the 25-mL line with sample.
3) Prepare the blank: Fill a mixing cylinder to the 23-mL line deionized water.
4) Add 4 drops of Mineral Stabilizer to each mixing cylinder.
5) Put the stopper on the mixing cylinders. Invert the mixing cylinders several times
to mix.
6) Add 3 drops of Polyvinyl Alcohol Dispersing Agent to each mixing cylinder.
7) Put the stopper on the mixing cylinders. Invert the mixing cylinders several times
to mix.
8) Use a pipet to add 1.0 mL of Nessler reagent to each mixing cylinder.
9) Put the stopper on the mixing cylinders. Invert the mixing cylinders several times
to mix.
10) Start the instrument timer. A 1-minute reaction time start.
11) Pour 10 mL from the black cylinder unto a sample cell.
12) When the timer expires, clean the blank sample cell.
13) Insert the blank into the cell holder.
14) Push ZERO. The display shows 0.00 mg/L NH3-N.
15) Pour 10 mL from the sample cylinder into a second sample cell.
16) Clean the prepared sample cell.
17) Insert the prepared sample into the cell holder.
18) Push READ. Result show in mg?l NH3-N
6.1.3 Result
6.2 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) Experiment
6.2.1 Chemical Oxygen Demand Reagent :
 Deionized water
6.2.2 Procedure Chemical Oxygen Demand
1) Set the DRB200 Reactor power to on. Preheat to 150°C (Refer to the DRB200
User Manual for selecting preprogrammed temperature applications).
2) Prepare the sample: Remove the cap from a vial for the selected range. Hold the
vial at an angle of 45 degrees. Use a clean pipe to add 2.00 mL of sample to the
vial. Hold the vial at an angle of 45 degrees. Use a clean pipet to add 2.00 mL of
deionized water to the vial.
3) Close the vials tightly. Rinse the vial with water and wipe with a clean paper towel.
4) Hold the vails by the cap, over a sink. Invert gently several times to mix. The vials
get very hot during mixing.
5) Put the vials in the preheated DRB200 reactor. Close the lid.
6) Heat the vials for 2 hours.
7) Set the reactor power to off. Let the vials cool in the reactor for approximately 20
minutes to 120 °C or less.
8) Invert each vial several times while it is still warm.
9) Put the vials in a tube rack to cool to room temperature.
6.2.3 Result:
7.0 Discussion

8.0 Conclusion

What can we conclude from Ammonia Nitrogen Experiment is it is a key parameter for studying
the nitrogen cycle and indicating water quality. Ammonia nitrogen can threatens fish population,
which cause potential negative effects on economic development and human health. Furthermore,
ammonium is the nitrogen source for phytoplankton and excessive ammonium can cause
extensive eutrophication.
To summarize Chemical Oxygen Demand test is that COD is used widely to measure the amount
of organic compounds in water. It is mostly applied to determine the amount of organic pollutants
found in surface water hence measure the water quality. COD indicates the mass of oxygen
consumed per liter of a solution.
Deionized water which purified by ion exchange resins as a reagent, can still contain organics and
microorganisms. Therefore, it will cause high COD results. Moreover, the level organic
contamination of deionized water may vary within time so this test is not recommended. Apart
from that, it is recommended to use water purified with combination of technologies such as
reverse osmosis as it is low in organics and oxidizable inorganic substances. So, it is most likely
best fitted for COD test.

9.0 References

 Kunning Lin, Yong Zhu, Yuanbiao Zhang (September 2019) Trends in Environmental
Analytical Chemistry
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
 Lutfi Amin, (October 2017) Chemistry, Physical Science, Chemical Substances
 Andrew, D. E., Lenore, S. C., Eugene, W. R. & Arnold, E. G. (2005) Standard Methods For
The Examination of Water And Wastewater. 21st Edition. USA.

 Kasmawati, M. & Lee, K. K. (2007) Methods of Analysis for Water and Wastewater. UiTM.
Shah Alam
10.0 Appendix
Experiment in Laboratory