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Steady State Stability of an Electric Drive

• The drive is said to be in equilibrium if the torque developed by the motor is exactly
equal to the load torque.

• If the drive comes out of the state of equilibrium due to some disturbance, it comes back
to steady state for stable equilibrium but for unstable equilibrium the speed of the drive
increases uncontrollably or decreases to zero. When the drive coming out of the state of
equilibrium preserves it steady state at different speed (lying in small range), it is said to
be in neutral range.

• The stability of the motor load combination is defined as the capacity of the system
which enables it to develop forces of such a nature as to restore equilibrium after any
small departure therefore.

• Equilibrium state of the drive mainly disturbs because of the following two types of
disturbances,

1.Changes from the state of equilibrium takes place slowly and the effect of either the
inertia or the inductance is insignificant – Steady state stability.
2.Sudden and fast changes from the equilibrium state so effect of both inertia and
inductance can not be neglected- Dynamic or transient stability

Criteria for steady state stability:-

• Let the equilibrium of the torques and speed is and the small deviations are
After the displacement from the equilibrium state the torque equation becomes,

• Considering the small deviation, changes can be expressed as a linear function of change
in speed,

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• From the torque equation, where all quantities are expressed in terms of their deviations
from the equilibrium,

• Solution is,

• Where, is the initial value of the deviation in speed. For the stable system the
exponent must be negative, so speed increment will disappear with time. The exponent
will always be negative if,

• Criteria for the steady state stability is for a decrease in the speed the motor torque must
exceeds the load torque and for increase in speed the motor torque must be less than the
load torque.

• Load torque results in a stable

equilibrium point, and the load
torque results in an unstable
situation.

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To check the stability at an operating point of the motor, if an increase in speed brings greater
increase in load torque than the motor torque, the speed will tend to decrease and return to its
original value, so operating point will be a stable point else operating point will be an unstable
point.

Various Speed and Torque Curves of Motor and Loa