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Zirconia in Dentistry
SPECIAL PROJECTS COORDINATOR
June Portnoy
BRAND DIRECTOR
Brian McCarthy
BRAND MANAGER
Tiffany Stark
MANAGING EDITOR
Kevin Taylor
BRAND COORDINATOR
CREATIVE
EBOOK DESIGN
FunktionalTracker.com and Lead Faculty for Clinical Jennifer Barlow
P
ABSTRACT rosthetic dentistry is an expansive and lucrative business,
Zirconia is one of the most durable so even minor improvements in materials can have large
dental ceramics on the market. Next- economic ramifications for provider and patient.1 Although
generation zirconia and new shading many materials are available on the market for dental restorations,
technologies work together to provide zirconia has emerged as the most durable of the dental ceramics.1
restorations that are both durable
and esthetically pleasing. This article
The challenge moving forward is to improve esthetics while
explores the range of materials on the maintaining the high strength of these materials.
market, particularly the different types This article will include information to make better clinical
of zirconia. It then explores shading decisions when looking at laboratory-fabricated restorative mate-
technologies that work with zirconia rials. It reviews the progressive development of currently available
to create strong, esthetically pleasing and next-generation zirconias, representing a concerted drive
restorations.
toward greater translucency while preserving adequate strength
LEARNING OBJECTIVES and toughness. The article will also explore how new zirconia
• List the important properties for a material compares with the spectrum of other materials on the
dental restoration material. market. It will conclude by covering the topic of shading; color
• Discuss how various dental
and transparency are crucial for esthetically pleasing restorations.
restoration materials compare in
strength and esthetics. MATERIALS
• Describe shading technologies for
Laboratory-fabricated dental materials include polymers, alloy,
dental restorations. porcelain, and ceramic restorations (Figure 1). Dental ceramics
can be classified according to fusion temperature, application,
and fabrication technique. The properties to look for in an ideal
dental material include esthetics, biocompatibility, strength and
durability, corrosion resistance, tastelessness and that are desirable for the ideal restorative mate-
odorlessness, nonconductivity, speed and ease of rial, in addition to being strong. Perhaps now, for
use, and affordability. the first time, there will not be a need to choose
For a while, glass-ceramic systems were a popu- between esthetics and strength.
lar material for restorations because they provided The properties of zirconia that make it ideal
translucency similar to natural teeth.2,3 Despite this for dental implantology are biocompatibility, os-
esthetic advantage, glass systems did not meet the seointegration, favorable soft-tissue response,
strength requirements of many restorations.4 and esthetics due to light transmission and the
Over the last few decades, titanium and tita- color; however, some studies have noted the ma-
nium alloys have been the most popular material terial’s drawbacks. Special considerations and
of choice for dental implantology.5 Titanium has technical experience are needed when dealing
been referred to as the “gold standard” due to its with zirconia implants to minimize the incidence
biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and of mechanical failure.9 Long-term failure from
mechanical properties found to be most suitable a variety of fracture modes is a persistent con-
for the success of implant treatment. cern.10 The quest to develop ever more esthetic
However, recently, zirconia has emerged as a zirconias without compromising durability has
material that may soon replace the classic gold become a driving force for materials develop-
standard of dental implants.6 The earliest versions ment in the dental research community.1
of zirconia were used as frameworks on which
more esthetic, lower-strength layering ceramic TYPES OF ZIRCONIA USED IN DENTISTRY
was placed (Figure 2).7 When eventually zirconia Despite the plethora of zirconia-containing ceram-
improved esthetically, it could be used in a restora- ic materials available on the market today, only
tion created out of a single material, with no layer- a few have been used in dentistry. They include
ing ceramic required. These versions of zirconia yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals
were strong and inexpensive, but the esthetics (Y-TZP), zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), and
were still not ideal, and the pursuit of a better alumina-toughened zirconia.9
zirconia continued. Over the last decade, zirconia Y-TZP material is available in dentistry for
technology has encouraged a rapid development the fabrication of dental crowns and fixed partial
of metal-free dentistry that may provide high bio- dentures (Figure 3). The grain size of Y-TZP has
compatibility, enhanced esthetics, and improved a strong impact on the final product’s stability
strength.8 Zirconia now has the esthetic properties and mechanical properties: if it is too large, it is
4. The properties of zirconia that make it ideal for dental 9. What are the benefits of digitally based shade-taking
implantology are which of the following? technologies for a dental office?
a. biocompatibility A. saving time on taking shades
b. osseointegration and favorable soft-tissue response B. saving money due to fewer shade remakes or
c. esthetics due to light transmission and the color adjustments
d. all of the above C. eliminating light and surrounding colors influences
D. all of the above
5. Yttrium tetragonal zirconia polycrystal material is
available in dentistry for what purpose? 10. How can translucent zirconia be colored?
A. fabrication of dental crowns and fixed partial dentures A. internally
B. filling of posterior cavities B. externally
C. forming implant-abutment connections C. both internally and externally
D. all of the above D. neither internally nor externally
This article provides 2 hours of CE credit from AEGIS Publications, LLC. To participate in the CE lesson for a fee
of $0, please log on to http://cdeworld.com. Course is valid from 1/31/19 to 1/31/22. Participants must attain a
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of approval extends from 1/1/2017 to
ENTER PROMO CODE: MDID4 12/31/2022. Provider #: 209722.
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