Kirstel Joy Picar EE531/L

Let’s Check (ULO-3a)

Wavelength 1. It refers to the distance that a radio wave travels in a time of one cycle
Vertical Polarization 2. A radio wave propagates in such a way that its magnetic field is
parallel with the horizon. What is its polarization?
Attenuation 3. As waves propagate through free space, they spread out, resulting in a
reduction in power density. This is called:
Electromagnetic wave 4. It is the energy that has escaped into free space
Polarization 5. It refers to the orientation of the electric field vector in respect to the
earth’s surface.
Diffraction 6. The spreading out or scattering of wave
Reflection 7. The bouncing off of electric electromagnetic waves over smooth
surface.
Refraction 8. . It occurs when a radio wave passes from one medium into another
medium of different densities.
Free Space Path Loss 9. The loss of energy into free space.
Ray 10. A line drawn along the direction of propagation of a wave

Let’s Check ULO-3B

Activity 1. Determine the correct answer being describe in the statement below.
Propagation 1. The movement of a wave in a given medium.
Ground wave propagation 2. It is the main signal path for radio signals in the 30 kHz – 3MHz
E layer 3. It also known as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
Skip Zone 4. An area where no signal can be heard.
D layer 5. This layer reflects VLF and LF waves and absorbs MF and HF
waves.
Space Wave Propagation 6. A line-of-sight propagation.
Ionosphere 7. It depends on the ionization density, varies with time of the day
and season.
2000 Miles 8. The maximum distance of a single hop for sky wave propagation
is about____.
F layer 9. What layer of the ionosphere that is closest to the sun and is
mostly ionized?
Kirstel Joy Picar EE531/L

Tilting 10. As one moves away from the transmitter, the ground wave
eventually disappears due to _____.

Let’s Analyze ULO-3B

1. The critical frequency at a particular time is 12.5 MHz. What is the optimum working
frequency for a transmitting station if the required angle of incidence for propagation
to a desired destination is 65º?
f 12.5MHz
MUF  critical 
cos( ) cos(65)
MUF  29.58MHz
OWF  0.85 * MUF
OWF  0.85 * 29.58MHz
OWF  25.143MHz

2. An FM broadcast station has a transmitting antenna located 55-m above

average terrain. How far could the signal be received?
a. By a car radio with an antenna 2-m above the ground?
b. By a rooftop antenna 15-m above the ground?

Solution:
a.)
D  17(55)  17(2)
D  36.40km
b.)

D  17(55)  17(15)
D  46.55km