5G introduction

Session 2 : 5G Air Interface

Nokia NPO Taiwan

Ali Gomri
July 2020
1
For internal use © Nokia 2019
 Session 2 5G Air Interface

5G NR Frame Structure

5G NR Channels

5G NR Reference Signals

2
© Nokia 2019
 Session 2 5G Air Interface

5G NR Frame Structure

5G NR Channels

5G NR Reference Signals

3
© Nokia 2019
Overview

frequency Resource grid

Duplex scheme: TDD
Large areas of unpaired Every subframe can be
spectrum easier to be dynamically selected to
found carry UL or DL data.
Flexible adaptation to
DL/UL throughput
requirements
12 subcarriers
Both uplink and Possibility to have
downlink use OFDM control signals in every
• Simplified RF design subframe for low latency
• Eases self- backhauling scheduling. Resource
and device-to-device Support for self- Element (RE)
communication contained slots
Resource
Block (RB):
12 subcarriers 14 OFDM symbols time
Resource Block: In NR, Resource Block is
defined only for frequency domain. 38.211- 1 slot (basic scheduling
4.4.4.1 states 'A resource block is defined as unit)
12(N_RB_sc) consecutive subcarriers in the
4 frequency
© Nokia 2018domain
 Resource Element (RE)
Physical layer (multiple numerologies) frequency Resource Block (RB)

12 subcarriers
• One of new 5G functionalities compared to LTE is
support of multiple numerologies – multiple
subcarrier spacings
• Subcarrier spacing (SCS) is based on common
time
15kHz base. 14 OFDM symbols
1 slot (basic scheduling unit)
• Subcarrier spacing: Δf = 2µ * 15kHz where µ
defines the numerology. 1 subframe (1ms) = 2 slots = 28 OFDM symbols
Δf = 30kHz

1 subframe (1ms) = 8 slots = 112 OFDM symbols

1 frame (10ms) = 10 subframes
Δf = 120kHz

1 subframe (1ms) = 16 slots = 224 OFDM symbols

Δf = 240kHz

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Multiple numerologies

The multiple numerologies afect also time domain. As the subcarrier spacing
increases (higher value of ), the duration of an OFDM symbol gets shorter

Parameter / Subcarrier OFDM Symbol Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol

Numerlogy () Spacing (Khz) Duration (s) Duration (s) including CP (s)
0 15 66.67 4.69 71.35
1 30 33.33 2.34 35.68
2 60 16.67 1.17 17.84
3 120 8.33 0.57 8.92
4 240 4.17 0.29 4.46

Subcarrier spacing Symbol duration

increases (wider PRBs decreases (PRBs shorter
in frequency domain) in time domain)

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TST Configuration
FR1
5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
SCS
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
[kHz]
NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 25 52 79 106 133 160 216 270 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A
30 11 24 38 51 65 78 106 133 162 189 217 245 273
60 N.A 11 18 24 31 38 51 65 79 93 107 121 135

FR2
50 100 200 400
SCS
MHz MHz MHz MHz
[kHz]
NRB NRB NRB NRB
60 66 132 264 N.A
120 32 66 132 264

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 TST Frame Format
UL/DL Ratio 7:3
Frame:10ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
DL DL DL S UL DL DL S UL UL DL DL DL S UL DL DL S UL UL
DDDSUDDSUU
Slot =0.5ms
Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
DL Dc D D DMRS D D D D D D D D D D

DL+ 0 1
pos2
2
pos3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
dmrs-AdditionalPosition=Pos1
11 12 13 Slot
1G ra
ULMIMO
Dc Dc D
pos2
DMRS
pos3
D D D D D D D D D D
format
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
UL U U U DMRS U U U U U U U U Uc Uc
pos2 pos3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
S Dc Dc D DMRS D D D D D D GP GP Uc Uc

8 © Nokia 2018
 Session 2 5G Air Interface

5G NR Frame Structure

5G NR Channels

5G NR Reference Signals

9 © Nokia 2018
Physical channels

The physical channels defined in the downlink are:

• Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
• Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
• Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) NR Reference Signals
->CSI RS for Channel Measurement (For MIMO):
The physical channels defined in the uplink are:
->CSI RS for Interference Measurement
• Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) ->CSI RS for Tracking
• Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ->CSI RS for Beam Management
• Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) ->Phase Tracking RS

The supported modulation schemes:

• Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256qam
• Uplink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256qm

10 © Nokia 2018 Nokia Internal Use

 Session 1 5G Air Interface

5G NR Frame Structure

5G NR Channels

5G NR Reference Signals

11 © Nokia 2018
5G Reference Signals
As in LTE, many types of RS (Reference Signal) are used in NR and most of them plays similar roles as in LTE.
However, there are some important differences between LTE RS and NR RS. The most important differences
can be listed as follows :

•In NR, there is no CRS (Cell Specific Reference Signal)

•In NR, there is a new reference signals in NR
List of 5G RS
-> CSI RS for Channel Measurement (For MIMO):
Used to evaluate RI, PMI and CQI
Configured for Each UE separately
->CSI RS for Interference Measurement
Allows the UE to complete interference measurements to evaluate RI, PMI and CQI (along with CSI RS for
MIMIO)
Resource Elements where the BTS does not transmit anything
->CSI RS for Tracking
Helps to ensure that the UE remains time and frequency synchronised
->CSI RS for Beam Management
Used in case of Beam Refinement is enabled to measure the RSRP of refined beams
->Phase Tracking RS
Phase Noise Estimation mainly used in FR2
Mobility and Cell level RS can be based either on CSI RS for Channel Measurement or SSB
Current
12 © NokiaSettings
2018 Mobility is based on SSB
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For internal use © Nokia 2019