Pass The PE - Practice Exam

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A vehicle's max speed (Vmax) is 190 mph. The

superelevation rate (e) for a highway horizontal
curve is between 0.05 and 0.11. The side friction
factor (fs) is between is 0.09 and 0.16. The
design speed (Vmph) for the curve is 55 mph. Find
the maximum degree of curvature (D°) for the
design of the curve.
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PROBLEMS 4.
5.
6.
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Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
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A) 7.67°
B) 3.61°
5.12°
8.49°
© 2014 | passthecivilPE.com
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A subcontracting company that does epoxy A reinforced concrete beam cross-section is show
injection for precast concrete panel building below. The compressive strength of the concrete
cladding is considering replacing its hanging (fc) is 2,800 psi. The yield strength of the tension
scaffolding (swing-stage) systems. The steel (fY) is 55 ksi. 3 - #8 reinforcing steel bars
shareholders of the company decided on two (rebars) will be used. The beam has 2 in. clear
different systems to consider. With cost of cover. The width (b) is 14 in. and the height (b) is
disposal, the salvage value of the current system 18 in. Find the area of concrete (Ac) required for a
is zero. The effective annual interest rate is 6%. balanced condition.
The initial costs, annual savings, salvage value,
and life are summarized in the table below. Find
the benefit/cost ratio to decide whether either
of the new systems is better than the current
system.
System A System B
Initial Cost $8,500 $10,000
Annual Savings $1,700.00 $2,000.00
Salvage Value $750.00 -$1,000.00
Life 10 years 10 years
Process for answering the problem (quickly write these down for each problem): Process for answering the problem (quickly write these down for each problem):
1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds) 1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds)
•2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds) 2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds) 3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds)
4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds) 4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds)
5. Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution. 5. Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
6. Circle the right answer or write down the correct letter 6. Circle the right answer or write down the correct letter
(do not fill in the answer sheet bubble yet). (do not fill in the answer sheet bubble yet).
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A) System A is better
A) 70.00 in2
B) System B is better
B) 2.37 in2
C) Neither system is better (stay with current system)
C) 8.50 in2
D) System A and System B are the same
D) 54.77 in2
© 2014 | passthecivilPE.com 12014 | passthecivilPE.com
A radio tower structure will be built in Kansas A 3 ft x 4 ft freeway sign is to be installed at
downhill from a parcel of land comprised of the beginning of a horizontal curve, as shown
approximately 60% agricultural and 40% urban below. Neglect any rotation and bending in the
land. The hydraulic soil group (HSG) for both types 8 in. diameter, 14 ft column. The base plate and
of land consists mainly of sandy clay loam with anchor bolt dimensions are as shown. The column
moderately fine to fine textures. The agricultural is firmly fixed to the plate. The maximum wind
portion of the land uphill from the project consists pressure for the region is found to be 110 mph
of a rotation meadow with a "good" hydraulic (approximately 30.1 psf). Find the maximum
condition. The urban portion of the land uphill from uplift force on one anchor bolt.
the project site consists of a residential district
— 48 in
with an average lot size of 1 acre. The average
slope (Spercent) is 3%. The overland flow distance CAUTION '"T
(L0) is 1/4 mile (1,320 ft). Estimate the time of 3 ft
J*
concentration (tc), in minutes, of the land above 30 mph
the project site.
20 in. 2 ft
14 ft
20 in.
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6. Circle the right answer or write down the correct letter

0.25 minutes
24.95 minutes
6.35 minutes A) 3,360 lbs
2 hours 3,539 lbs
C) 6,718 lbs
D) 6,187 lbs
© 2014 | passthecivilPE.com © 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

- .411^ -
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Which of the following is NOT a concrete

admixture:
A Air entraining
Water reducing
iW Corrosion inhibiting
Shrinkage reducing
Organic growth promoting
Retarding (setting time reduction)
Accelerating (setting time accelerator)
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A) B and D
B) E only
C) F only A) A
O) none of the above (all are concrete admixtures) B) B
C
D) D

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The moisture content for the fine and coarse A 22 ft beam has a pinned connection at one end
aggregate for a concrete mix are 5.4% and 1.9%, (at A) and a roller at the other end (at B), as
respectively. The saturated surface dry (SSD) specific shown below. The beam is subjected to a uniform
gravity (SG) for the fine and coarse aggregate are load (W) of 0.6 kip/ft and a point load (P) of 5.5
2.69 and 2.63, respectively. The saturated surface kips that is 5 ft from the left end. The beam is
dry (SSD) moisture content (COSSD) for the fine and 2x6 Douglas Fir. Find the location of maximum
coarse aggregate are 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. moment (Mmax).
The volume of a particular batch of concrete is 2.35
cf. Sulphates are not present where the concrete will
P = 5.5 kips
be installed. The following table shows the weights of W-0.6
kip
i 5 ft •
several crucial ingredients for the total concrete mix: —
6 in. r 1 , i 1 i
Weight of Water Weight of Weight of Course Weight of Fine hp
wmMm B
(lb) Cement (lb) Aggregate (lb) Aggregate (lb) 2 in. /A
35.6 57.2 145.4 109.5 L=22ft
Find the water/cement ratio (w/c) for the

concrete mix batch.
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4.10 gallons 11.00 ft from A

sack

sack

sack

sack

mis.
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35 full-time employees (40 hrs/week and 2000 A university transportation engineering class
hrs/yr) and 20 half-time employees (20 hrs/week conducted a traffic count of a major arterial road
and 1000 hrs/yr) work for a concrete construction during evening rush-hour traffic. Find the peak
company. 4 half-time employees were treated hour factor (PHF) using the given vehicle volume
with first aid for minor cuts and scrapes, 3 half- and time interval.
time employees had injuries resulting in "light
duty", 3 full-time employees were medically
treated, but had no time-off or "light duty", and 2
full-time employees were injured and took time-
off. Find the OSHA Recordable Incident Rate (IR). Volume Volume
Time Interval Time Interval (Vehicles)
(Vehicles)
4:30pm - 4:45pm 390 5:30pm - 5:45pm 575
4:45pm - 5:00pm 410 5:45pm - 6:00pm 560
5:00pm - 5:15pm 540 6:00pm - 6:15pm 420
5:15pm - 5:30pm 570 6:15pm - 6:30pm 400


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22.22%
B) 17.78%
3.11% A) 2.394
8.54% B) 1.050
0.980
D) 0.667

A concrete "gravity" retaining wall with normal The lowest point of an overpass is required to be
weight concrete (rc=155 lb/ft3) holds soil backfill 24 ft above the high point of a crest curve, as
(Ts=120 lb/ft3), as shown below. The wall is 10 shown. The distance between the PT and the PI is
ft in height (H = 10 ft), 3 ft thick at the top, 400 ft. The elevation of the PI is 1100 ft. Find the
5 ft thick at the bottom, and 20 ft long. j8=0°, elevation of the high point of the curve (Y„P).
a=0°, 0=36°, and the cohesion of the soil is
PI
c=0°. Using the Rankine Theory for active earth
pressure, ignore the exterior vertical wall friction, ' \
8=0°. However, assume the exterior friction under

the base of the wall is §base=26°. The water table \ g2 = - 3.5%
gi = + 4%
is 2 ft from the top of the wall (h = 2 ft). Find the
Factor of Safety for sliding (FOS) for the retaining
wall.
3 ft-
h = 2 ft
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1100.00 ft
950.74 ft
A) 4.00
1092.53 ft
1.00 678.69 ft
1.70
2.65

A concrete retaining wall with normal weight The lowest point of an overpass is required to be
concrete (Yc=155 lb/ft3) holds soil backfill a minimum of 18 ft above point P on a vertical
(Ys=120 lb/ft3), as shown below. The wall is 12 sag curve as shown. Find the minimum elevation
ft in height, 2 ft thick at the top, 3 ft thick at the of the overpass if station of the Point of Tangency
bottom, and 20 ft long. The friction angle between (P7) is 17+00 and the station at a point on the
the soil and the concrete (8) is 21°. The angle of curve (P) is 8+02. The distance between PC and
the soil backfill to the horizontal (/3) is 1V:2H. The PI is 525 ft. The elevation of PC is 255 ft, The
angle of the surface of the retaining wall to the elevation of PT is 400 ft.
vertical (a) is 15°. The angle of internal friction Overpass
(0) is 31°. The cohesion of the soil (c) is 0°.
Ignore friction under the wall. Draw the angles
into the diagram below and find the active earth
pressure coefficient.
• g = + 6%
g, = - 3%
PI
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If the answer does not appear, see the passtheciviIPE Exam Advice.
0.346 A) 269.43 ft
0.767 B) 365.20 ft
- 0.767 C) 150 ft
- 0.902 D) 221.65 ft
12014 | passthecivilPE.com © 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

A
The activity-on-arrow for a bridge project in A vertical crest curve has a +2% and a -6%
Yellowstone National Park is shown. Find the early grade as shown below. The distance between
start (ES) and early finish (EE) for activity K. the Point of Curvature (PC) and the Point of
Intersection (PI) is 1,125 ft. The station of the
Point of Tangency (PT) is 42+25. The station at a
Point on the curve (P) is 28+75. The elevation at
PC (Ypc) is 100 ft. Find the slope at Point P (SP).
s-PI
g1 = + 2% Slope at Point P (SP)
Activity Duration Activity Duration Activity Duration \ 92 = " 6 %
A 2 E 3 I 5
B 3 F 7 J 3
C 3 G 4 K 3
D 4 H 8
2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds) 2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
ES = 17, EF = 18 A) -1.2 %
ES = 18, EF = 15 2.1 %
ES = 15, EF = 18 1.1 %
ES = 15, EF = 20 0.9 %

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Modular steel frame formwork is used for a A vertical crest curve has a +3% and a -6%
retaining wall that is 11.5 ft in height. The grade as shown below. The distance between
temperature outside is 68°F. The temperature of the Point of Curvature (PC) and the Point of
the concrete is 75°F. The cement contains 44% Intersection (PI) is 560 ft. The station of the Point
fly ash and has density of 155 lb/ft3. The concrete of Tangency (PT) is 16+25. The station at a Point
will be placed at 7.5 ft/hr. Find the lateral on the curve (P) is 12+25. The sight distance of
pressure of the concrete on the formwork using the curve is 233 ft. Find the Vertical Offset (Yp) at
ACI 347. Point P.
\ g2 = - 6%
Qi = + 30/
0 ,'
Vertical
Offset (YP)
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1521 psf
B) 2511 psf
C) 1511 psf
D) 3511 psf A) 24.05 ft
B) 12.38 ft
C) 20.83 ft
D) 29.48 ft

-ft -
A temporary structure has been built on a A continuous-loop woven stainless steel belt
construction site in Frederick, Maryland. The is used to filter sludge for a rural college town
structure will be in place for approximately 1.5 in Pennsylvania to produce sludge cake with
years. The design wind speed used for permanent approximately 80% moisture content. The
structures adjacent to the temporary structure is belt is loaded with a continuous feed of sludge
85 mph. Find the lateral wind pressure used to containing 3.0% solids by weight, at an average
design the temporary structure using ASCE 37. flow of 23,000 gallons per day. The belt typically
operates 7 hours per day 4 days per week. The
belt filter press is loaded at 400 Ibm per hour per
ft of best weight (400 Ibm/ft-hr). The specific
gravity (SGs/ud9e) of sludge feed is 1.05. Find the
c\-7c± romiiroH
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2« What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
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6.24 psf 0.54 ft

14.53 psf 4.00 ft
24.67 psf 5.00 ft
13.36 psf 3.00 ft

A new water tower concrete foundation slab Due to a setback issue near the city of
specification requires modified proctor testing to Bakersfield, California, an open channel section
establish the soil compaction parameters. Five has the dimensions shown below. The slope of
tests were performed with the following results at the concrete channel is 0.0004. Find the hydraulic
the laboratory. radius (R) of the channel section.
wm
Test Weight Moisture Content (co)
1 5.72 lb 8.3%
2 I 5.96 lb 8.9%
3 6.15 lb 9.3%
4 1 6.13 lb 9.5%
5 | 5.89 lb 10.3%
At the construction site, 0.02 ft3 of compacted

soil is tested and has a wet weight of 2.4 lb
and dry weight of 2.1 lb. Find the percentage of
I I
compaction for the in-situ soil. b = 12 ft
100% A) 6.54 ft
B) 61.8% B) 5.45 ft
85.3% C) 4.54 ft
78.9% D) 7.45 ft

ESK —
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Choose the answer below that is false: A pump is used to dewater the soil adjacent to an
elevator pit. The top of the concrete slab at the
The difference between liquid limit (LL) base of the elevator pit is 4 ft under the water
and the plastic limit (PL) is defined as the table. The concrete slab is 3 ft thick. The walls
plasticity index (PI). of the elevator pit are concrete with blindside
El) When the weight of water equals the waterproofing and wood lagging with steel soldier
weight of the dry soil (i.e., to = 100%) in piles. The water is pumped to a basin 20 ft above
a soil sample the liquid limit (LL) is 100. the top of the concrete slab. The specifications
require the water table to be at least 2 ft below
C) The plastic limit of a soil sample is the bottom of slab. The pipe has a diameter of
attained when a soil sample that is rolled 6 in., length of 200 ft, and a Darcy Friction
in to an 1/8 in. diameter thread begins to Factor of 0.04. The pump efficiency is 85% and
crumble. the flow rate is 100 gallons per minute. Find the
rar\ fr\r fha nnmn
D) Atterberg limit tests can be applied to
other construction materials such as
cement mixtures and certain asphaltic
materials.
Process for answering the problem (quickly write these down for each problem): 1, What type of problem is it? (5 seconds)
1. What type of problem Is it? (5 seconds) 2, What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds) 3, Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds)
3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds) 4, What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds)
4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds) 5, Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
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A and C 1.954 hp
D only 3.854 hp
C) B and D 0.075 hp
A only 0.754 hp

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The specification for an airport access road in The intersection angle of a horizontal curve (I)
Sacramento, California requires standard proctor is 64°. The center of a house is 15 ft away from
compaction. The wet soil sample is 0.29 lbs and the point of intersection and 35 ft away from the
oven dried soil sample is 0.25 lbs. The wet soil edge of a two-lane roadway (one lane in each
sample and mold weighs 13.2 lbs and the empty direction) with 12 ft lanes, as shown. Find the
mold weighs 9.5 lbs. Find the in-situ dry unit degree of curvature (D°) at the center of the
weight (Yd) of the soil. road.
15 ft
(do not fill in the answer sheet bubble yet). 1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds)
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98.07jr
B) 95.69'!;
73.62|r A) 13.97°
D) 70.50 J B) 16.56°
w 14.87°
D) 15.97°

iP&sMhmMIP'm;
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The original ground and proposed grade profile A horizontal two-lane (12 ft wide one way in each
is shown below for a section of a new highway direction) curve has a design speed of 60 mph
project in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Choose the and a +3% grade (G). The superelevation (e) is
best answer below for which is true, given the 0.12 and the coefficient of friction (/) is 0.10.
mass diagram shown. The degree of curvature (D°) for the center of the
road is 6.0°. The perception/reaction time (tp)
is assumed to be 2.5 seconds. Find the closest
distance that a building can be built adjacent to
the inside lane of the horizontal curve without
obstructing the line of sight.
A) The section between Station C) The section between Station

Middle
13+00 and 16+00 represents 11+00 and 16+00 represents Ordinate (M)
a fill operation. the "free-haul distance".
"Sight line (Long Chord)
The total grading operation is The section at Station 17+00
balanced. represents a transition
Inside lane of the horizontal curve
between fill and cut.
3\ Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
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A 55.46 ft
B and D B) 223.00 ft
C 93.79 ft
A and C 154.16 ft

•M x. ASK —
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A saturated soil sample has a dry unit weight A 12 ft wide rectangular channel produces
(Yd) of 165 lb/ft3 and a water content (oj) of a hydraulic jump from supercritical flow to
12.5%. The sample is borrow soil to be used for a subcritical flow. The depth at the point where the
cantilever wall foundation. Find the void ratio (e) hydraulic jump occurs is 1.5 ft. The supercritical
of the soil sample. flow rate is 185 ft3/sec. Find the velocity of the
water after the hydraulic jump.
A) 1.000 A) 9.35 ft/s

B) 0.331 B) 1.75 ft/s
0.009 0.27 ft/s
D) 0.978 D) 6.22 ft/s

A 15 ft hollow meter beam weighs 1,575 lbs, has A standard biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
a pinned connection at one end, a roller at the test is performed at a wastewater treatment
other end, and the cross-section shown below. plant just south of the city of San Luis Obispo,
The statical moment of area about the neutral California. A 10 ml sample of wastewater from
axis (Q) is = 76.0 in3. Find the moment of inertia the plant is combined with dilution water to make
(/)• a 300 ml solution. The solution is then incubated
1.5 in. for 5 days @ 68°F. The initial concentration of
dissolved oxygen (before incubation) is 7.77
mg/l. The dissolved oxygen after incubation is
determined to be 4.78 mg/l. The deoxygenating
rate (kd) is 0.272 days1. Find the ultimate BOD or
f/M-ai nv\inon iicorl h\/ rarhnnarpnus harteria.
2 in. d = 15 in.

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4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds) (do not fill in the answer sheet bubble yet).
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200 mg/l
1242.0 in4 157 mg/l
2311.5 in4 94 mg/l
1948.5 in4 17 mg/l
1799.0 in4

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An 18 ft Douglas Fir timber beam has a pinned A welded and seamless steel pipe with 33 in.
connection at one end (at A) and a roller at the circumference provides water from a large water
other end (at B), as shown below. The beam is tank on a hill above several hotels near Yosemite
subjected to a uniform load (W) of 150 lb/ft and National Park in California. The water tank is
a point load (P) of 1.2 kips at midspan. The beam 700 ft above the subdivision. The pipe system
is 4 in. wide and 12 in. deep. Find the maximum is approximately 3/4 mile away. The flow inside
flexural stress (fb), in ksi. the pipe is determined to be 3.5 ft3/sec. Find the
head loss due to friction (hf) of the pipe between
P = 1.2 kips
W=150
i.
L=18 ft

3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds) 6. Circle the right answer or write down the correct letter

80.6 ft
A) 4.67 ksi 72.5 ft
B) 1.44 ksi 100.2 ft
2.50 ksi 250.0 ft
0.56 ksi

/If:: /IfTi
-- • •
passtheciviIPE |
A truss system has a pinned connection on one A high rise condominium in Washington, D.C.
side (at Point A) and a roller on the other side requires a particular concrete mix for the concrete
(at Point H), as shown below. 2 kips acts slabs at each floor level per project specifications.
downward at Point C and 5 kips acts downward The project specifications require a mix design
1
at Point E and Point F. Neglect dead load of the with the following proportions: 1:2.35:3.54
framing members. Find the force in member BE. (by weight). The fine and coarse aggregate
is saturated surface dry (SSD) in compliance
with ASTM C33. The specific gravity of the fine
aggregate (SGffnea9g) is 2.60. The specific gravity
of the coarse aggregate (SGcoarseagg) is 2.65. The
specific gravity of the cement (SGcement) is 3.16.
The air content is 7% measured by ASTM C231
with 3/4 in. maximum sized coarse aggregate.
The cement factor is 5.8 sacks/yd3. Find the
water-cement (w/c) ratio (in lbs per lbs).
Process for answering the problem (quickly write these down for each problem): 2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds) 3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds)
2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds) 4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds)
3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds) 5. Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
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0.35
1.54 kips (tension) 0.23
3.52 kips (tension) 0.32
2.24 kips (compression) 0.53
1.05 kips (compression)

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Timber shoring and formwork support a 6 in. A network of pipes is configured in parallel under
concrete slab (150 pcf), as shown below. The a playground in San Diego, California, as shown.
concrete will be cast-in-place over 3/4 in. plywood Two of the pipes are schedule-40 steel and one
sheathing (2.3 psf). The 6x6 shores are spaced of the pipes is bituminous-lined cast iron. The
@ 48 in. o.c. The 4x6 stringers are spaced @ nominal sizes of the pipes are 3 in., 4 in., and
5 ft o.c. The 2x4 joists (1.5 in. x 3.5 in. actual) 6 in., with Hazen-Williams loss coefficients of
are spaced at 16 in. o.c. The live load will be 20 100, 100, and 140, as shown. The 3 in. pipe is
psf. Assume the dead load is only the concrete 150 ft long. The 4 in. pipe is 90 ft long. The 6 in.
and the plywood. Some lateral cross-bracing is pipe is 225 ft long. Minor losses are insignificant.
installed for the shores. Metal bracket connections Find the total friction loss between junctions A
mechanically attach the shores to sill plates. Find and B water enters the pipe system at A
the maximum bending stress (ob) on the joists. at 4.2 ft3/sec.
Concrete Slab
Sheathing
Shores
«&&>" \ ^ Joist
Stringer
Cross-bracing
Sill Plate
Process for answering the problem (quickly write these down for each problem): 1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds)
1. What type of problem is it? (5 seconds) 2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds)
2. What is the problem asking for? (10 seconds) 3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds)
3. Is there extraneous information? (10 seconds) 4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds)
4. What references or equations are needed? (10 seconds) 5. Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution.
5. Use the space on this sheet or scratch paper to find your solution. 6. Circle the right answer or write down the correct letter
(do not fill in the answer sheet bubble yet). 7. If the answer does not appear, see the passtheciviIPE Exam Advice.
A) 1.6 ksi A) -4.34 ft

B) 2.3 ksi B) -20.22 ft
C) 3.2 ksi (I) 35.43 ft
5.0 ksi D) 2.38 ft
©2014 | passthecivilPE.com © 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

A 2,700 lb steam hammer is dropped from a
height of 3.7 ft into soil with unit weight (K0//) of
110 lb/ft3. The water content (co) is 8% and the
specific gravity of the solids (SGso/Ws) is 2.67. The
pile has driven 1.2 ft in the last 10 blows. Find
the allowable capacity of the pile (Qa) using the
Engineering News (ENR) Formula if the driven
weight is 2,995 lbs.
i* What type of problem is it? (5 seconds)
SOLUTIONS

2,350 lbs
35.5 kips
12.9 kips
420 lbs
! —————- ——J
A vehicle's max speed (Vmax) is 190 mph. The A subcontracting company that does epoxy
superelevation rate (e) for a highway horizontal injection for precast concrete panel building
curve is between 0.05 and 0.11. The side friction cladding is considering replacing its hanging
factor (fs) is between is 0.09 and 0.16. The scaffolding (swing-stage) systems. The
SSI design speed (Vmp/7) for the curve is 55 mph. Find shareholders of the company decided on two
§§§( the maximum degree of curvature (D°) for the different systems to consider. With cost of
design of the curve. disposal, the salvage value of the current system
is zero. The effective annual interest rate is 6%.
The initial costs, annual savings, salvage value,
What type of problem is it? and life are summarized in the table below. Find
the benefit/cost ratio to decide whether either
• Transportation
of the new systems is better than the current
What is the problem asking for? system.
• The question is asking for the Maximum Degree of Curvature (D°)

System A System B
Is there extraneous information?
Initial Cost $8,500 $10,000
• The max speed is not needed $2,000.00
Annual Savings $1,700.00
What references or equations are needed?
Salvage Value $750.00 -$1,000.00
5729.6
• (D°)= —-— , R is the Radius of Curvature, in feet 10 years 10 years
Rfi Life
• p _ mph)
* " 1 5 (e + fs) 1, What type of problem is it?

Solution: • Construction (economics)
2. What is the problem asking for?

111! = (55mPh) = 746.91 ft
«|ip 15 (0.11 + 0.16)
• The benefit/cost ratio for the better system
"THINGS TO REMEMBER" 3 Is there extraneous information?

Note: by the equation, • The fact that subcontracting performs precast concrete panel
STEP D° = 5729.6 = 7.37°
2 maximizing e + fs, R is smaller. repair is not needed
When R is smaller, D° is
maximized. « The fact that the system alternatives are swing-stages is not
needed
—3 "THINGS TO REMEMBER"
Correct Answer: (A)
Salvage values are treated as a
reduction in cost, not a benefit.

2a. ~
?:mgM»w€iwMFsE
«»——;»r—
i What references or equations are needed? syp Since both systems are positive, both are beneficial, but cannot
m Comparison of alternatives analysis using B/C Ratios be compared to one another. Therefore use incremental analysis,
as shown below:
Solution:
STEP
8 Using incremental analysis:
s^p Find the benefits for system A:
- B,(*) #14,720.20-#12,512.17 _Q 8g
B(a) = $1,700 (P/A 6% 10) = ($1,700)(7.3601) = $12,512.17 C(B)-C(A) #10,558.40-#8,081.20

Since the ratio is less than 1, System A is better.
^ Find the costs for system A:
Correct Answer: (A)
C(A) = $8,500 - ($750)(P/F 6% 10) = $8,500 - ($750)(0.5584) =
$8,081.20
^ Find the benefit/cost (B/C) Ratio for System A:
B(A) #12,512.17
C(A) #8,081.20
STEP
4 Find the benefits for system B:
B(b) = $2,000 (P/A 6% 10) = ($2,000)(7.3601) = $14,720.20
sj|P Find the costs for system B:
C(B) = $10,000 - (~$1,000)(P/F 6% 10) = $10,000 - (-$1,000)

(0.5584) = $10,558.40
sjfp Find the benefit/cost (B/C) Ratio for System B:
^£1 = £14,720.20 =
Cm £10,558.40

A reinforced concrete beam cross-section is show Solution:
below. The compressive strength of the concrete
(fc) is 2,800 psi. The yield strength of the tension ^ Draw diagram to depict the balanced condition of the
m
steel (fy) is 55 ksi. 3 - #8 reinforcing steel bars reinforcement steel and the compression area of the concrete,
(rebars) will be used. The beam has 2 in. clear with strain, stress and forces:
cover. The width (b) is 14 in. and the height (h) is 0.85 f'
18 in. Find the area of concrete (Ac) required for a
balanced condition.
(As)(fy)
STEP
2 Find the equation for a balanced condition:
(0.85fe')(Ac)=(As)(fy)
S3P Solve for the area of concrete in compression, using the equation
What type of problem is it? for a balanced condition:
• Structural
.-. A. = WC,)
What is the problem asking for?
'c (0-85 f ' )
• The area of concrete that is required for a balanced condition
STEP
4 Using a reference to find typical rebar area, find the cross-section
Is there extraneous information? area (A ) for #8 rebar:
• The concrete clear cover is not needed to answer the question
As for #8 Bar = 0.79 in2
3#8 rebars = (3)(0.79 in2) = 2.37 in2
• Concrete beam loading
• Concrete reinforcement SIP Find the area of concrete in compression:

• ACI 318 (Appendix E) ( Ih ^
(2.37 in2) 55,000
in j _
= 54.77 in'
lb Correct Answer: (D)
(0.85) 2,800-:
in
12014 | passthecivilPE.com
v<.
;
_
A radio tower structure will be built in Kansas L Solution:

downhill from a parcel of land comprised of
approximately 60% agricultural and 40% urban SJP Find the NRCS hydraulic soil group type for the watershed uphill
land. The hydraulic soil group (HSG) for both types
of the project site.
of land consists mainly of sandy clay loam with
moderately fine to fine textures. The agricultural • For soils having moderately fine to fine textures and soils
portion of the land uphill from the project consists with sandy clay loam, use Group Type C
of a rotation meadow with a "good" hydraulic
srf Find the CN (Curve Number) for the two types of the land uphill
condition. The urban portion of the land uphill from
the project site consists of a residential district from the project site:
with an average lot size of 1 acre. The average • From general tables for ARC II runoff curve numbers, find
slope (Spercent) is 3%. The overland flow distance the following for agricultural area:
(L0) is 1/4 mile (1,320 ft). Estimate the time of
concentration (tc), in minutes, of the land above a Rotation meadow, good hydraulic condition, group C
the project site. gives CN=76
• From general tables for ARC II runoff curve numbers,

What type of problem is it? find the following for urban area:
• Water Resources • Residential district by average lot size of 1 acre,
group C gives CN=79
S3P Find the weighted CN for the watershed uphill of the project site:
• Time of concentration of the watershed above
• The new project CN Percent of Area Weighted CN
Is there extraneous information? Agricultural Area 76 60% 45.6
a The fact that the structure is a radio tower and it is in Kansas is Urban Area 79 40% 31.6
not needed Total weighted CN 77.2
STEP
4 Find the time of concentration (tc), in minutes:
• References hydraulic, NRCS curve numbers, and time of
concentration for a water shed f 1 nr»n \0-7
100(Loft)°'8 1000 9
• Equation for time of concentration (tc), in minutes: CN /
t.
1900 percent
100(£„Xf^-9f
f
v ' V CN
^/V /
\0.7
C"'°" 1900 100(1320 ft)0 8
t 1— = 24.95 Correct Answer: (B)
1900 yf3

= —
| passthecivifPE J
A 3 ft x 4 ft freeway sign is to be installed at S2P Find the line of action force to calculate the moment:
the beginning of a horizontal curve, as shown
below. Neglect any rotation and bending in the Distance between the line of action force on the sign column
8 in. diameter, 14 ft column. The base plate and and a bolt is 10 in. The resisting force in one anchor bolt is P.
anchor bolt dimensions are as shown. The column
is firmly fixed to the plate. The maximum wind
pressure for the region is found to be 110 mph
(approximately 30.1 psf). Find the maximum
uplift force on one anchor bolt.
— 48 in
CAUTION 7
3 ft THINGS TO REMEMBER'
J*
30 mph Note that when the wind
10 in.- force is applied, only 2
2 ft
bolts are acting against
uplift (the other two bolts
14 ft
are in compression).
20 in,
STEP
What type of problem is it? Find the maximum moment due to the maximum wind force:
• Structural
What is the problem asking for? 1/1/
• Maximum uplift force in one anchor bolt

• The fact that the sign will be installed at 10 in.
the beginning of a horizontal curve is not needed
• Structural analysis
2P
IM = 0
• Moment and resistance forces
1 ft
i. Solution: 1/1/(15.5 ft) = 2P|^10 in x ^ ^
SJP Find the maximum wind force (W) on the sign: (361.2 lbs){ 15.5 ft)
P= = 3359.16 lbs
1/1/= 30.1 psf X 4 ft X 3 ft = 361.2 lbs
10
(2)
12 Correct Answer: (A)
(Assume wind acts at center of sign)

A.-J|
paasihecMIPE passihmMIPE |
Which of the following is NOT a concrete Find the correct moment diagram for the loading
admixture: shown below.
m A Air entraining
Water reducing
Corrosion inhibiting
Shrinkage reducing
Organic growth promoting
Retarding (setting time reduction)
G Accelerating (setting time accelerator)
What type of problem is it? A)
"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT"
• Construction
What if you were asked which
What is the problem admixture is appropriate for use in
asking for? cold weather? B)
• Choose the best

answer for which of the above is NOT a concrete admixture
Is there extraneous information? C)
• No

D)
• Concrete admixtures
Solution:
What type of problem is it?
Air entering admixtures Shrinkage reducing
reduces strength but provides admixtures reduces cracking a Structural
properties that perform well in due to shrinkage. What is the problem asking for?
freeze - thaw conditions.
Organic material should not be
• Moment diagram given loading
Water reducing admixtures present in concrete.
increase workability without Is there extraneous information?
increasing water / cement Retarding admixtures reduces
setting time. • No
ratio; increasing water /
cement Ratio reduce strength. Accelerating admixtures What references or equations are needed?
Corrosion inhibiting expedite setting time.
Qhoar anrl Mnmpnt Hianramc
admixtures reduce rebar
corrosion within the concrete. Correct Answer: (B)
A
pmsttmciwIIPE
5 Solution: The moisture content for the fine and coarse

aggregate for a concrete mix are 5.4% and 1.9%,
S1P Find the shear diagram: respectively. The saturated surface dry (SSD) specific
gravity (SG) for the fine and coarse aggregate are
2.69 and 2.63, respectively. The saturated surface
dry (SSD) moisture content (&>SSD) for the fine and
coarse aggregate are 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively.
The volume of a particular batch of concrete is 2.35
cf. Sulphates are not present where the concrete will
be installed. The following table shows the weights of
several crucial ingredients for the total concrete mix:
'THINGS TO THINK ABOUT' h
v) What if you were asked the Weight of Water Weight of Weight of Course Weight of Fine
equation for the maximum shear (lb) Cement (lb) Aggregate (lb) Aggregate (lb)
force at A and B?
35.6 57.2 145.4 109.5
V = +—
WL
max ~ A
Find the water/cement ratio (w/c) for the

Find the moment diagram, using the shear diagram:
Sf concrete mix batch.
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT'
• Construction
What does SSD mean? Why do we
V) What is the problem asking need to adjust to SSD?
for?
The question is asking for the water/cement ratio (w/c) for the
concrete mix batch
M) You do not need to

know that sulphates "THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" i
are not present where
How does adding more water to the
the concrete will be
mix change the properties of the
installed to answer the
concrete?
- "THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" question
What if you were asked the equation
You do not need to know the volume of the batch of concrete
for the maximum moment force at
midspan? Correct Answer: (A)
The saturated surface dry (SSD) specific gravity (SG) for the
= WL
2
M — fine and coarse aggregate amount is not needed to answer the
max 2
question

/tm
.
passihmcMiPE
T"
4 What references or equations are needed? STEP

3 Adjust of the weight of the fine aggregate (FA) to saturated
m Concrete/cement mix surface dry (SSD) (Note that no adjustment is needed for the
is The following equation is used for adjustment of the weight of cement):
the fine aggregate (FA) and coarse aggregate (CA) to saturated
surface dry (SSD): Fine Aggregate (FA):
W 109.5
WSSD = (1 + °>SSD) WSSD = (1 + (O,
SSD
)= (1 + 0.015) = 105.45 lbs
!+ (<») l + (<o) 1+(0.054)
STEP
The following equation is used for water/cement ratio (w/c): 4 Adjust of the weight of the coarse aggregate (CA) to saturated
surface dry (SSD) (Note that no adjustment is needed for the
Weight of Water cement):
w/c
Weight of Cement
Coarse Aggregate (CA):
Solution: r ...
W 145.4
WSSD
t (i + ft>SSD) — (l + 0.009) = 143.97 lbs
1+(0.019)
STEP
1+ W
1 Make a quick table of values
STEP
from the problem statement, When given several important 5 Find the total weight of the water, using the total weight of the mix
as shown below (note that values, sometimes it will help without SSD adjustment, cement weight, and the SSD adjusted
SG is not needed, so those you to make a table of values weights of the fine and coarse aggregates (assuming the only
values do not need to go into needed to quickly reference components of the concrete mix are cement, water, and
your table): from the problem statement. aggregate):
347.7 lbs - 105.45 lbs - 143.97 lbs - 57.2 lbs = 41.08 lbs
Moisture Content SSD Moisture Content
(<w) (^sso)
STEP
6 Find the water/cement ratio (w/c):
Fine Aggregate (FA) 0.054 0.015 % 1 gallon
w / c = Weight of Water 41.08 lbs 8.34 lbs =8.o9 s?!!sni
Coarse Aggregate Weight of Cement 57.2 lbs 1 sack of cement sack
0.019 0.009 %
(CA) 94 lbs
Correct Answer: (B)
STEP
2 Find the total weight of the mix without SSD adjustment: 'THINGS TO REMEMBER"
1 gallon = 8.34 lbs
35.6 lbs + 57.2 lbs + 145.4 lbs + 109.5 lbs = 347.7 lbs 1 ft3 of water = 62.4 lbs
1 sack of cement is
approximately 94 lbs

iffh
pa&sihecMfPt | pmaam&MliFis
A 22 ft beam has a pinned connection at one end S2P Find Reaction at B by taking sum of moments about point A:
(at A) and a roller at the other end (at B), as
m shown below. The beam is subjected to a uniform
Y^Ma = O; By (22ft) = (13.2 kips)(llft)+(5.5 kips)(5ft)
load (W) of 0.6 kip/ft and a point load (P) of 5.5
kips that is 5 ft from the left end. The beam is
:. B =7.85 kips
2x6 Douglas Fir. Find the location of maximum
moment (Mmax). STEP
3 Find reaction at A by taking sum of forces in the y-direction and
x-direction:
4 5 ft • W=0.6 kip = 0; A =5.5 kips + 13.2 kips - 7.85 kips

li
1 4 y-direction
WMWM
6 in. r ir
.-. Ay = 10.85 kips
2 in.
Jill/A B
^ Fx-direction = = ®
STEP
L=22ft 4 Draw shear diagram to find maximum moment (Mmax)\
5 f i x 0.6 kip/ft = 3 kips

—10.85 - 3 kips = 7.85 kips
B Structural
7.85 kips - 5.5 = 2.35 kips
B Location of maximum moment 7.85 kips

Maximum moment
Is there extraneous information? occurs at inflection point
m Dimensions of cross-section not needed STEP
5 Use similar triangles to find location of maximum moment.
• Type of material (Douglas Fir) not needed
What references or equations are needed? 2.35

b Structural design
Solution:
STEP .
1 > Find equivalent force on the beam: 17-x
x = 3.92 ft
2.35 7.85
5.5 kips 13.2 kips
5ft H
-Distance to point load plus additional distance to inflection point

is 5 ft + 3.92 ft = 8.92 ft from Point A
L = 22 ft
•'•Maximum moment (Mmax) is at 8.92 ft from Point A
Correct Answer: (D)

tifwclvilPE j | passihecMIPE |
' x
35 full-time employees (40 hrs/week and 2000 What references or equations are needed?
hrs/yr) and 20 half-time employees (20 hrs/week
and 1000 hrs/yr) work for a concrete construction • OSHA Reference Manual
company. 4 half-time employees were treated • The following equation is used for the OSHA Recordable Incident
with first aid for minor cuts and scrapes, 3 half- Rate (IR):
time employees had injuries resulting in "light
duty", 3 full-time employees were medically Number of OSHA Recordable Cases x 2,000 hrs/yr
IR = (100%)
treated, but had no time-off or "light duty", and 2 Number of Employees Labor Hours Worked
full-time employees were injured and took time-
off. Find the OSHA Recordable Incident Rate (IR). m OSHA Recordable Cases:
a. Any lost-time injuries

"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" '
What if you were asked for the b. Medical injuries resulting in "light duty".
DART rate? c Medical treatment injuries (no "light duty", no lost-time)
• Cases that are not recordable:

Minor injuries treated with first-aid only
§ Construction
Solution:
• The Number of OSHA Recordable Cases = 8
ID The question is asking for the OSHA Recordable Incident Rate,
m Number of Employee Labor Hours Worked = (35 x 2000 hrs/yr) +
or Incident Rate (IR)
(20 x 1000 hrs/yr)
• Enter these values into the equation for IR as shown below
a The number of full-time and half-time
employees with injuries is not needed
8 x 2,000 hrs/yr
to answer the question IR = (100%) = 17.78%
(35 x 2,000 hrs/yr) + (20 x 1,000 hrs/yr)
fi The amount of time the employees
took time-off is not needed to answer
the question Correct Answer: (B)
• ^THINCsS TO THINK ABOUT" H

What if you were asked for the
Severity Rate?

- ^(24,-
pmsiheciviIPE
A university transportation engineering class

conducted a traffic count of a major arterial road
during evening rush-hour traffic. Find the peak Solution:
m
w hour factor (PHF) using the given vehicle volume
and time interval.
I" Find Vvph,m„
• Find the largest four consecutive numbers and add
them up (this is the largest number of vehicles during a one-
hour period).
.-. 540 + 570 + 575 + 560 = 2245 vehicles

Volume Volume
Time Interval i Time Interval (Vehicles)
(Vehicles) STEP \/
2 F i n d V i 5 - m i n ,p e a k
4:30pm - 4:45pm 390 5:30pm - 5:45pm 575
• The peak 15-minute volume occurs between 5:30pm and
4:45pm - 5:00pm 410 5:45pm - 6:00pm 560 5:45pm and equals 575 vehicles.
5:00pm - 5:15pm 540 6:00pm - 6:15pm 420
STEP pHF = maximum hourly volume = Kph,max
5:15pm - 5:30pm 570 6:15pm - 6:30pm 400 3 4 (peak 15- minute volume) 4 (V15_min>peak)
PHF = 0.98
Correct Answer: (C)
I What type of problem is it?
• Transportation
• Find the peak hour factor (PHF)
3. Is there extraneous information?

• The fact that a class performed the story is not needed
• The fact that it is a major arterial road is not needed
4. What references or equations are needed?

m pHF maximum hourly volume = KPh,max
4 (peak 15-minute volume) 4 „iPM)

JL
A concrete "gravity" retaining wall with normal What references or THINGS TO THINK ABOUT
weight concrete (Yc=155 lb/ft3) holds soil backfill equations are needed? What if you were asked for FOS
(Ys=120 lb/ft3), as shown below. The wall is 10 ft of overturning at the toe?
• Reference Lateral Earth
in height (H = 10 ft), 3 ft thick at the top,
5 ft thick at the bottom, and 20 ft long. 0=0°, Pressure
a=0°, 0=36°, and the cohesion of the soil is • The following equation is used for active earth pressure
c=0°. Using the Rankine Theory for active earth coefficient:
pressure, ignore the exterior vertical wall friction,
5=0°. However, assume the exterior friction under COS2 (0 - a)
the base of the wall is 6tose=26°. The water table sin(0 + 8)sin(0 - p)
COS2(a)COS(8+ a) 1+
is 2 ft from the top of the wall (h = 2 ft). Find the cos (8 + a) cos (a - p)
Factor of Safety for sliding (FOS) for the retaining
The following equation is used for pressure within soil:
wall.
Pv = (pg)H = Y H
-3 ft- The following equation is used for active pressure within granular
soil: Pa = KaPv = Ka(TH)
The following equation is used for total active resultant force

within granular soil: FS =^P,H = |(k.pv)h = j(K.YH)H = |KJH2
The following equation is used for the sliding force:

S = Wtotaltan(8base)
F4
The following equation is used for FOS for sliding:FOS =
IF
Solution:
What type of problem is it? sjp Draw the diagram above, including all forces.
(Note that forces of triangular distribution act at the H/3 from the base.)
a Geotechnical
STEP 0A
45°- —
What is the problem asking for? 2 When a = 90, p = 0, and 8wa// = 0, then: Ka = tan
v 2
The question is asking for the Factor of Safety for sliding
(FOS) for the retaining wall "TIPS"
Know the meaning of these
symbols (e.g., p is the angle ;
The length of the wall is not needed to answer the question of the soil backfill to the
horizontal)
The value of cohesion (c) is not needed to answer the question

fgth
- -
I pass&ctefo'llPI!'
STEP
c. Water pressure force:
3 Find KA\
2 1 _/b lb
F, = \ r „ ( H - h)2 = 62.4 (8ft) =1996.8^
The friction angle between the soil and the concrete at the 2 ft3
verticalwall is 8wa„ = 0°. The friction angle between the soil and
the concrete at the base of the wall is 8tose = 15°. The angle s«p Find W1 and W2:
of the soil backfill to the horizontal is p = 0°. The angle of the
vertical surface of the retaining wall to the horizontal is 6 = 90°. lb_ lb
Wi=f^]( 2 ft)(10 f t ) 155 = 1550
The angle of internal friction is 0 = 32°. Enter these values, as ft3 ft
degrees, into the equation for Ka, as shown below. lb lb
W 2 = (3 ft)(10 f t ) 155^ = 4650-^-
ft
COS2 (36°- 0) 36<
K_ =
= tan2 45°- = 0.260
\2
s/h(36°+0)s/h(36°-0) syp
cos2(0)cos(0 + 0) 1+ Find sliding force:
cos(0 + 0)cos(0-0)
"THINGS TO REMEMBER"
The sliding force is
cos(/3)= 0°, for p = 0°
STEP
V#? Find the equations for vertical sin(a)= 1, for a = 90° lb lb
pressures within the soil: sin(90 + P) = cos (/?) S = (W, + W2)tan(*>w) = 11550 £ + 4650 £ I(tan (26°)) = 3023.94
ft ft ft
sin(90 + 0) = cos(0)
a. Pressure above the water
sin(90 - 8) = cos(8)
table = K j s (h)
Therefore, p = 0°, and 8 = 0°, STEP
8 Find FOS:
U
U, Pressure below (i.e., when the soil backfill is
the water table = The FOS for sliding is
horizontal and the wall surface
KaYshl + Ka (Ys ~ 7water) (H ~ h)
is vertial), then: lb
3023.94
Water pressure = y w ( H - h ) Ku = tan2 45° 0 ft = 0.995 (not adequate)
: STEP 499.2 ^ + 62.4^ + 479.23^+1996.8 %
• 5 . Find all resultant forces (combine with equations for vertical ft ft ft ft
pressures within the soil):
a. Resultant force above the water table:

Correct Answer: (B)
lb_
1= f Mn)(")2 = ^(0*260)^120 |-)(2 ft)2 = 62.4
ft
"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT'
b Resultant forces below the water table: FOS for sliding should be greater
than 1.5.
F2= Ka(ys)(h)(H-h)= (0.260) 120 -^-1(2 ft)(8 ft) = 499.2 lb
\ ft 3 ft
/
lb lb lb
F, = \k.(ys -y«*«*)(W -h) = i(0.260) 120-^-62.4-^
2
(8 f t f = 479.23
ft 3 ft 3
ft

| pms-ihmivilPIS, |
The lowest point of an overpass is required to be Solution:

24 ft above the high point of a crest curve, as
shown. The distance between the PT and the PI is STEP
400 ft. The elevation of the PI is 1100 ft. Find the Find the elevation at PC:
elevation of the high point of the curve (YHP). (2)(400)
YPC =1100 f t - (0.04) = 1,084 ft
gt = + 4% SJP Find the elevation at the high point (YHP)\
(2)(400)(0.04)2 ^
YHP = 1084 ft - = 1,092.53 ft
2(-0.035 - 0.04)
'THINGS TO HE MEMBER" I Correct Answer: (C)

What type of problem is it? The general equation for the
m Transportation distance from the PC to a low point
on a sag vertical curve or a high
What is the problem asking point on a crest vertical curve is: "THINGS TO REMEMBER"
for? For vertical curves, PI is located
_ Mft) at L/2, this comes in handy
The elevation of the high LP/HP
(92 ~ 9i) for finding L if given PI or vice
point of the curve (YHP)
versa.
ss The information regarding the overpass is not needed
What references or equations are needed? "THINGS TO REMEMBER"

is The general equation for the high point of a crest vertical curve L for a vertical curve is the
is: horizontal length between the
"THINGS TO REMEMBER" I
PC and the PT, not the length of
Y For the general equations for
'HP =Y
1 PC the actual curve along the road.
2 (ft-ft) the elevation, the positive or
negative sign depends on if it's
The general equation for a crest or sag curve. Add the
the elevation at PC is: second term in the equation if
the PC or PT is upslope from the
' PC
PI. Subtract the second term in
YPI ± 91 2
the equation if the PC or PT is

downslope from the PI.

mmrnm&MmEl
v.
A concrete retaining wall with normal weight • The unit weight of the concrete and soil are not needed to answer
concrete (Tc=155 lb/ft3) holds soil backfill the question
(ys=120 lb/ft3), as shown below. The wall is 12
• The dimensions of the footing and wall are not needed to answer
ft in height, 2 ft thick at the top, 3 ft thick at the
bottom, and 20 ft long. The friction angle between the question
the soil and the concrete is (5)=21°. The angle of • The value of cohesion (c) is not needed to answer the question
the soil backfill to the horizontal (/3) is 1V:2H. The
angle of the surface of the retaining wall to the What references or equations are needed?
vertical is (a)=15°. The angle of internal friction
• Reference Lateral Earth Pressure
is (0) = 31°. The cohesion of the soil is (c)=0°.
Ignore friction under the wall. Draw the angles • Coulomb's equation is used for active earth pressure coefficient
into the diagram below and find the active earth (only valid for B < 0):
pressure coefficient. v y H 1 "THINGS TO REMEMBER" L
cos(£)= 0°, for/3 = 0°
sin(a)= 1, for a = 90°
sin(90 + B) = cos(/3)
sin(90 + 0) = cos(0)
cos2 (0 - a)
K. = sin(90 - 8) = cos(5)
sin (0 + 5) s/'n (0 - /J)
COS2 (a) COS (5 + a) 1+
cos(S + a)cos(a- p) Therefore, /3 = 0°, and 8 = 0°,
(i.e., when the soil backfill is
horizontal and the wall surface
is vertial), then:
Solution: K. = tan21 45° - y
What type of problem is it? The friction angle between the soil and the concrete is 8 = 21°. The
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" angle of the soil backfill to the horizontal is /3 = tan ^l/Z) = 27°
• Geotechnical What if you were asked for the The angle of the vertical surface of the retaining wall to the
What is the problem asking total active resultant force?
horizontal is a = 15°. The angle of internal friction is 0 = 31°. The
for? cohesion of the soil is c = 0. Enter these values, as degrees, into
• The question is asking H "THINGS TO THINK ABOUT the equation for KA, as shown below.
for KA, the active earth What if you were asked for "at
pressure coefficient rest" or "passive" earth pressure
coefficient?
Is there extraneous cos2 (31°-15°)
Ka = = 0.767
information? sin (31° + 2l°)s/n(31°-27°)
"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" h cos2 (15°) cos (21° + 15°) 1 +
• The length of the wall is lco^21°7l5°)cos(15^27°)
For (saturated) clay: p < 0 J J
not needed to answer the For granular soils (e.g.,sand): C = 0
question
Correct Answer: (B)

The lowest point of an overpass is required to be • '"QUICK TIPS
a minimum of 18 ft above point P on a vertical Find PTsta using the fact
sag curve as shown. Find the minimum elevation that for vertical curves, PI is
of the overpass if station of the Point of Tangency located at L/2.
(PT) is 17+00 and the station at a point on the
curve (P) is 8+02. The distance between PC and
PI is 525 ft. The elevation of PC is 255 ft, The
elevation of PT is 400 ft. \ "THINGS TO REMEMBER"
•Overpass
For the general equations for
the elevation, the positive or
negative sign depends on if it's
a crest or sag curve. Add the
Solution: second term in the equation if
' g2 - + 6% the PC or PT is upslope from the
STEP PI. Subtract the second term in
f Find PCSTA:
the equation if the PC or PT is
What type of problem is it? gt = -3% - „ ^ downslope from the PI.
•PI
PCSTA ~ PTSTA ~ L
a Transportation
PCSTA = 1,700 ft - [2(525 ft)] = 650 ft
a Slope at Point P (SP)
STEP
2 Find x (the distance between PC and Point P):
• No
x = 802 ft - 650 ft = 152 ft
sqT Find the elevation at P:
• The general equation for a vertical curve is:
{92-9i)X (g2-gi)*2
P = PC + 9S +
Y Y
2L
, where x is the distance between PC and Y = Yp +
P C +
2L
Point P.
The general equation for the elevation at PC is: ,Y , - 255f t + (-0.03)(152 ft)+ 251.43 f t
p 2 [2 (525 ft)]
YK=YP,±gl±
• The general equation for the elevation at PT is: S4P Find the minimum elevation of the overpass:
v,r=vP,±g2|
281.43 ft + 18 ft = 269.43 ft
s The station at PC (PCSTA) the station at: PT (PTSTA) - L
Correct Answer: (A)
• • PCSTA — P7~STA - L
© 2014 | passthecivilPE.com ' 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

The activity-on-arrow for a bridge project in A vertical crest curve has a +2% and a -6%
Yellowstone National Park is shown. Find the early grade as shown below. The distance between
start (ES) and early finish (EE) for activity K. the Point of Curvature (PC) and the Point of
Intersection (PI) is 1,125 ft. The station of the
Point of Tangency (P7) is 42+25. The station at a
Point on the curve (P) is 28+75. The elevation at
PC (Ypc) is 100 ft. Find the slope at Point P (SP).
PI
= + 2% Slope at Point P (SP)

7
,g2 = - 6%
Activity Duration Activity Duration Activity Duration
A 2 E 3 I 5
B F 7 J 3
C 3 G 4 K 3
D 4 H 8 • Transportation

• Slope at Point P (SP)
1, What type of problem is it?
• Construction
• No
• Early Start (ES) and Late Finish (LF) of activity K
m The general equation for a vertical curve is:
Is there extraneous information? (g2-g1)x2
YP — YPC + , where x is the distance between PC and
• The fact that it is a bridge project in Yellowstone is not needed 2L
Point P.
4, References
Take the derivative of the general equation for a vertical curve to
Project scheduling find the equation for the slope:
Solution: S P = 9 i + -( 9 2 ~ 9 i ) x , where X is the distance between PC and Point P.
ES = 15, EF = 18 Correct Answer: (C) The station a PC(PCSTA) = the station at PT(PTSTA) - L
•PC
••-STA
rK
= P TSTA - L
r 1 u

Solution: "THINGS TO REMEMBER'1 Modular steel frame formwork is used for a
retaining wall that is 11.5 ft in height. The
For vertical curves, the length
temperature outside is 68°F. The temperature of
T Find PCSTA: of the curve (Z.) is defined as
the concrete is 75°F. The cement contains 44%
2(PISTA - PCSTA)
fly ash and has density of 155 lb/ft3. The concrete
P^STA ~ PTsTA ~ L will be placed at 7.5 ft/hr. Find the lateral
pressure of the concrete on the formwork using
PCSTA = 4,225 ft - [2(1,125)] = 1,975 ft ACI 347.
STEP
2 Find x (the distance between PC and Point P): What type of problem is it?
• Construction
x = 2,875 ft - 1,975 ft = 900 ft
STEP
3 Find the slope at Point P (SP)\ • Lateral pressure of the concrete using ACI 347
-0.06 - 0.02^ Is there extraneous information?

Sp =0.02 + (900 f t ) = -0.012
[2(1,125)] • The temp outside is not needed
Sp = -1.2%
References ACI 347:
ft_
Pwa„=CwCc (150 + 9000 R/t) R <7
hr
Correct Answer: (A) ' _ n 43,400 2,800 R
P
'wall
=CC 1 5 0+— ^ R > 7 f
hr
Solution:
STEP ft 43,400 2,800 R

1 C C 150 + —— +
R>7ftTr USG Pwa" T T
STEP
2 Use ACI 347 to find Cw and Cc:
155
= 1.07, since Density=155 pcf
'' Cw 145
Cc =1.4, since FLY ASH > 40%

A vertical crest curve has a +3% and a -6%
S3? Temperature of the concrete is 75°F: grade as shown below. The distance between
the Point of Curvature (PC) and the Point of
.-. T = 75°F Intersection (PI) is 560 ft. The station of the Point
of Tangency (PT) is 16+25. The station at a Point
on the curve (P) is 12+25. The sight distance of
STEP
4 Find the lateral pressure of the concrete: the curve is 233 ft. Find the Vertical Offset (YP) at
Point P.
2,8001 7.5-F-
jb_
= 1,511-^2
^/=(l-07)(1.4) l50 + ^
75°F+
1
75°F
hr
ft2
Correct Answer: (C)
• Transportation

• The vertical offset (YP) at Point P
• The sight distance is not needed

• The station at PC (PCSTA) = the station at PT (PTSTA) - L:
PCSTA = PTSTA ~ L
• The vertical offset at any point along a vertical curve (YP) is given
by:
Yp = (fy.—9i)
2L
x
where x is the distance between PC and Point P

- - -
IpmsihmmlPEI
A temporary structure has been built on a
Solution. por vertjCa| curves, the length
construction site in Frederick, Maryland. The
step pjncj pcSTA\ of the curve (L) is defined as
structure will be in place for approximately 1.5
2(PISTA - PCSTA)
years. The design wind speed used for permanent
PCSTA ~ PTSTA " L structures adjacent to the temporary structure is
:. PCSTA = 1625 ft - [2(560)] = 505 ft 85 mph. Find the lateral wind pressure used to
design the temporary structure using ASCE 37.
S2P Find x (the distance between BC and Point P): What type of problem is it?
x = 1225 - 505 = 720 ft • Construction

s|p Find YP\
s Lateral pressure on temporary structure
y (.92~9X)X2 Is there extraneous information?
p 2L
(-0.06 - 0.03)(720)2 s The fact that it is in Frederick, MD is not needed
Yp = ± r- £ — = 20.83 ft
P 2 [2 (560)] References:
u ASCE 37: Pwind = 0.00256 Vc2 (where Vc = Factored wind speed
used during construction)
m From ASCE 7:
Correct Answer: (C)
Construction period Design Wind Speed
< 6 weeks 0.75
> 6 weeks, < 12 months 0.80
; > 12 months, < 24 months 0.85
| > 24 months, < 60 months 0.90
Solution:
SJP Wind speed factor is 0.85 (12 months < construction period < 24
months)
Vc = (0.85)(85mph) = 72.25 mph
STEP
2 p*ind = (0- 00256)(75.25)2 = 13.36 psf Correct Answer: (D)

A continuous-loop woven stainless steel belt Solution:
is used to filter sludge for a rural college town
in Pennsylvania to produce sludge cake with
Y Find the daily masses of influent sludge.
approximately 80% moisture content. The
belt is loaded with a continuous feed of sludge
containing 3.0% solids by weight, at an average "V, = (^)(p..«4(SG,„k) = f23,000f¥f62.4^1(1.05)r 1R
day v & 7.4805 gal
flow of 23,000 gallons per day. The belt typically
operates 7 hours per day 4 days per week. The = 2.0145 xlO5 lbm
day
belt filter press is loaded at 400 Ibm per hour per f I hi m A
ft of best weight (400 Ibm/ft-hr). The specific mdry = (solids)(mwet) = (0.030) 2.0145 x 105 = 6044 Ibm/day
gravity (SGs/udge) of sludge feed is 1.05. Find the
belt size required. S2P Find the hourly processing rate.
What type of problem is it? 6044^ x 7 days
toy 1"eek = 1511 Ibm/hr

• Water Resources 4 days hrs
—x7
1 week day
• Belt size required S3P Find the belt size required.
1511^5
• The fact that the belt is stainless steel is not needed tu^-. 3.78ft
What references or equations are needed? 400 lbm
ft-hr
• Sludge dewatering
Use a 4 ft belt filter press.
• Activated sludge and sludge processing
• Environmental engineering Correct Answer: (B)

A new water tower concrete foundation slab
Find the maximum dry density (Ydmax) using the laboratory results.
specification requires modified proctor testing to
establish the soil compaction parameters. Five
tests were performed with the following results at
the laboratory. w
Test Dry Density
{l + &)Vrmold
Test Weight Moisture Content (co)
1 5.72 lb 8.3% 5.72lb
-158.13 j'to3
ft
2 5.96 lb 8.9% (1.083) •ft3
30
3 6.15 lb 9.3%
4 6.13 1b 9.5%
5 5.89 lb 10.3% 5.96lb
f l _
= 164.15^
(1.089) ft 1
30
At the construction site, 0.02 ft3 of completed
soil is tested and has a wet weight of 2.4 lb
and dry weight of 2.1 lb. Find the percentage of 6,1 'i ^°169,39F
compaction for the in-situ soil. (1.093) ft3
30
V-.U J
a Geotechnical 6.13lb
= 167.61^
'l_ 2
What is the problem asking for? (1.095) ft
30
a Percentage of compaction for the in-situ soil
Is there extraneous information? ^f-^ = 159.88f

(1.103) ft3
a The fact that compaction soil is for a water tower concrete 30 j
foundation slab is not
needed '"TH1W6S TO StEMEMBEiRT !
The volume of standard and "THINGS TO ItlMMIJER"
What references or equations modjfjed proctor test mo,d js
Soil with optimum water content
are needed? i
does not require as much
Kno/d = ^77 ft
ffl Reference soil properties 4U compaction to reach specified
and testing soil compaction
Solution:
sjp Find the dry density Ydin.sltu of the in-situ soil
_ 2.1 lb _ 105
din'situ 0.02 ft3 ft3
) 2014 | passthecivilPE.com © 2014 | passthecivilPE.com
pmsthmiwHPE
STEP Due to a setback issue near the city of

3 Graph values found in Step 2 to find maximum dry density (Ydmax) Bakersfield, California, an open channel section
and optimum moisture content ((oopt)
m has the dimensions shown below. The slope of
the concrete channel is 0.0004. Find the hydraulic
radius (R) of the channel section.
lb_
Ytf max 1 70
ft3
i r CO (%)
9.5 10 10.5
(Oopt = 9.4%
lb d = 9 ft
•'•Tc1 max = 170 and (Oopt = 9.4%
b = 12 ft-
(git Find percentage of compaction:
r 105ir
din-situ = = 0.618 = 61.8% • Water Resources
Y b
d max 170
ft3 What is the problem asking for?
(note: needs more compaction to comply with specifications) • The Hydraulic radius ( R ) of the channel section

"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT'' • The slope is not needed
What if you were asked if the soil
needed more or less water? m The fact that the channel is concrete is not needed
• The fact that the channel has a setback issue

Correct Answer: (B) • The fact that the channel is in Bakersfield, California

• Hydraulic parameters of channel sections Solution:
Area of water from
Hydraulic radius=
wetted parameter
AA
r'-P J

j pBSSth&CIVSlPE |
5, Solution: Choose the answer below that is false:

Section Area (ft2)
STEP
1 Find area by breaking into sections: A) The difference between liquid limit ( L L )
•Ci) |(3)(9) = 13.5
and the plastic limit (PL) is defined as the
plasticity index (PI).
m (12)(9) = 108
\
6 ft ! ' *3) • (6)(3) = 18
B) When the weight of water equals the
weight of the dry soil (i.e., co = 100%) in
: {4} ' |(3)(3) = 4.5 a soil sample, the liquid limit (LL) is 100.
12 ft' 144 C) The plastic limit of a soil sample is

attained when a soil sample that is rolled
STEP in to an 1/8 in. diameter thread begins to
2 Find wetted parameters (i.e., surface of the channel in contact
with water): crumble.
D) Atterberg limit tests can be applied to
r* i8ft other construction materials such as
cement mixtures and certain asphaltic
materials.
• Geotechnical
» Find false statement
Perimeter Length (A) = >/92 + 32 = 9.49 ft Is there extraneous information?
Perimeter Length (B) = 12 ft a None
Perimeter Length (C) = a/32 + 32 = 4.24 ft What references or equations are needed?
Perimeter Length (D) = 6 ft u Geotechnical soils classifications
Total Perimeter Length = 9.49 ft + 12 ft + 4.24 ft + 6 ft = 31.73 ft is Atterberg limit tests
Solution:
3 Find the hydraulic Radius: The difference between liquid limit (LL) and the plastic limit (PL)
is defined as the plasticity index (PI).
D A 144 ft2 . _ . „ "THINGS TO THINK ABOUT"
R =—= = 4.54 ft i When the weight of water equals the weight of the dry soil (i.e.,
P 31.73 ft Slope and material type would be co= 100%) in a soil sample the liquid limit (LL) is 100.
required if using Mannings Equation
i The plastic limit of a soil sample is attained when a soil sample
that is rolled in to a 1/8 in. diameter thread begins to crumble.
Correct Answer: (C)
Atterberg limit tests can only be applied to soils. Correct Answer: (B)

A pump is used to dewater the soil adjacent to an Solution:
elevator pit. The top of the concrete slab at the
STEP
base of the elevator pit is 4 ft under the water 1 Find energy loss due to friction:
table. The concrete slab is 3 ft thick. The walls
of the elevator pit are concrete with blindside hff = —, where f = 0.04, g=32.2%, L = 200 ft
2Dg y s2
waterproofing and wood lagging with steel soldier
piles. The water is pumped to a basin 20 ft above . hf = (0.04)(200ft)(1.135 ft/sf Q 32
the top of the concrete slab. The specifications (32.2 ft/s2)

require the water table to be at least 2 ft below 12
the bottom of slab. The pipe has a diameter of Q = 100 gpm = 100 gpm = 5Q9 309£m lft3 ' lmin
v = = 1.135 ft/s
6 in., length of 200 ft, and a Darcy Friction '16^ 2 ft 2 7.4805gal J v 60 sec
-D 2
Factor of 0.04. The pump efficiency is 85% and vl2,
the flow rate is 100 gallons per minute. Find the
horsepower required for the pump. STEP
2 Find basin head:
What type of problem is it? .-. 20 ftbasin above slab ^ ft iab thickness
s ^ ftrequired depth of water below slab ~ 25 ft
* Water Resources
What is the problem asking for? STEP

3 Find the pump head:
• The horsepower required for the pump
Pump Head = Basin Head + hf
25 ft + 0.32 = 25.32
* The fact that it is an elevator pit or how the walls are constructed
is not needed
What references or equations are needed? S4P Find horsepower:

• Bernoulli's equation for energy conservation (64.2)(0.223 f t 3 / s ) ( 25.32)
Horsepower = = 0.754 hp
fix/ 2 H 550(0.85)
Darcy equation (or Darcy - Weisbach equation) hf = —— , which
is the energy loss due to friction
Pump Head = basin head +hf

Correct Answer: (D)
Horse Power = Y"Q head)
550 (efficiency)

•fir
The specification for an airport access road in The intersection angle of a horizontal curve (/)
Sacramento, California requires standard proctor is 64°. The center of a house is 15 ft away from
m compaction. The wet soil sample is 0.29 lbs and the point of intersection and 35 ft away from the
oven dried soil sample is 0.25 lbs. The wet soil edge of a two-lane roadway (one lane in each
sample and mold weighs 13.2 lbs and the empty direction) with 12 ft lanes, as shown. Find the
mold weighs 9.5 lbs. Find the in-situ dry unit 1 degree of curvature (D°) at the center of the
weight (Yd) of the soil. road.
/ I = 64'
What type of problem is it? •THINGS TO REMEMBER'
The volume of standard and
a Geotechnical
modified proctor test mold is
What is the problem asking
V,mold ft3
for? 30
b In-situ unit weight (Yd) of the soil
b The fact that it is an airport access road is not needed, or that the
project is in Sacramento
e Reference soil standard permeation tests

• Reference soil indexing formulas
• Transportation
Solution:
STEP
1 F i n d YWest = Ttotal
• The degree of curvature (D°) at the center of the road
Wsoil+mold -Wmold 13.21b - 9.5/bs lb_
Y — Y —
in 3
wet ~ total ~
v.mold ft Is there extraneous information?
30 ft3 • No
STEP
- 2 ; Find In-situ soil moisture content (oin-situ
®wet soil ®dry soil _ 0.29 0.25 = 0.16 = 16%
CO,in-situ • The general equation for the degree of curvature is:
CO.dry soil 0.25
STEP
Find dry density Yd D° = 5729.6
3 R
lb
111
total
= 95.69-^- Correct Answer: (B)
in-situ 1.16 ft3

yftK
pmmhmmrispP j
The general equation for the external distance is: The original ground and proposed grade profile
is shown below for a section of a new highway
TP project in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Choose the
E = T tan m
v4, best answer below for which is true, given the
mass diagram shown.
The general equation for the tangent distance is:
/T \ 50 yd3
I
T = R tan
v2y 25 yd3
Solution:
11+00 13+00 15+00
Station
s^p Find the external distance:
E = 15 ft + 35 ft + 12 ft = 62 ft The section between Station The section between Station

13+00 and 16+00 represents 11+00 and 16+00 represents
a fill operation. the "free-haul distance".
EP Find the radius of curvature:
The total grading operation is The section at Station 17+00
balanced. represents a transition
E = R tan
UJ tan UJ between fill and cut.
62 ft What type of problem is it?
:.R = — = 346.02 ft
tan (32°) tan (16°)
tan f ) tan
UJ
1
• Geotechnical
STEP
3 Find the degree of curvature:
• Choose the best answer below, given the mass diagram shown
D° = 5729.6 5729.58
= 16.56c Is there extraneous information?
R 346.02 ft
The fact that it is a "THINGS TO THINK ABOUT"
section of a new What if the problem asked you to
highway project draw the original ground profile?
Pittsburg, Pensylvania
Correct Answer: (B)
is not needed to answer
the question

• Reference properties of earth mass diagram
1 2014 | passthecivilPE.com
p&i£$it@iai¥il§PE
A horizontal two-lane (12 ft wide one way in each

direction) curve has a design speed of 60 mph
The section between Station 13+00 and 16+00 does NOT represent
a fill operation. A mass diagram with negative slope represents a
m and a +3% grade (G). The superelevation (e) is
0.12 and the coefficient of friction (/) is 0.10.
fill operation (e.g., between station 14+75 to station 17+00), and The degree of curvature (D°) for the center of the
a mass diagram with positive slope (e.g., station 11+75 to station road is 6.0°. The perception/reaction time (tp)
14+75) represents a cut operation. is assumed to be 2.5 seconds. Find the closest
The total grading operation is balanced, since the mass diagram is distance that a building can be built adjacent to
shown ending at the balance line (i.e., 0 yd3). If the mass diagram the inside lane of the horizontal curve without
ends above the balance line, there is excess soil resulting from the obstructing the line of sight.
project. If the mass diagram ends below the balance line, there is
shortage of soil resulting from the project.
The section between Station 11+00 and 16+00 does NOT represent
the "free-haul distance". The free-haul distance means a distance
over which hauling material involves no extra cost, and is project
specific. More information is required to determine the free-haul Middle
Ordinate (M)
distance.
*Sight line (Long Chord)
The section at Station 17+00 represents a transition between fill and
cut. A low-point on a mass diagram represents a transition between Inside lane of the horizontal curve
fill and cut for the original grade. A high-point on a mass diagram • Transportation
represents a transition between cut and fill for the original grade.
* The closest distance that a building can be built adjacent to the
Correct Answer: (B) inside lane of the curve without obstructing the line of sight
• No

• The equation for the distance between the sight line (long chord
of the curve) and the curve (M) is:
28.65 c where R is the radius of curvature and S is
M = R 1- cos —-— S
the sight distance required
12014 | passthecivilPE.com
The general equation for the radius of curvature is: A saturated soil sample has a dry unit weight
(Yd) of 165 lb/ft3 and a water content (co) of
R = 5729.6
D° 12.5%. The sample is borrow soil to be used for a
cantilever wall foundation. Find the void ratio (e)
The equation for the sight distance is:
of the soil sample.
. .. . iv_42
= 1.47( t D ) ( V h)+ ,
\ p ) \ m p h ) 20(f±G)
Solution:
STEP
1 Find the sight distance:
1 What type of problem is it?
S = 1.47(2.5 sec)(60 mph) + mph^
, = 1,143.58 ft
y ' 30(.10 + 0.03) • Geotechnical
STEP 2 What is the problem asking for?

2 Find the the radius of curvature:
• Void ratio (e) of the soil sample
R= 5729-6 = 954.94 ft 3. Is there extraneous information?

6.0°
* The fact that it is borrow soil is not needed
STEP ; • The fact that it is a cantilever wall is not needed

'3 Find the middle ordinate of the curve (M):
1 28.65 _ 4 What references or equations are needed?
M=R 1 - cos S
R
• Soil indexing formulas
M = 954.94 ft 1- cos. 28,65 , x 1,143.58 ft wwater
v„water
vv
954.94 ft
V Ywater y
M = 166.16 ft
^voids
STEP V ^'solids J •"QUICK TIPS"

HI Find the distance between the building and the inside lane of the
curve: Kater = (®)(Wsolids )
Always start with an
equation you're trying to
M - 12 ft = 154.16 ft wsolids = (v4(vso//ds) find, then determine all
the unknowns
Correct Answer: (D)
©2014 | passthecivilPE.com >2014 | passthecivilPE.com

•A
DassiheclvilPIS
Solution: A 12 ft wide rectangular channel produces

a hydraulic jump from supercritical flow to
STEP m subcritical flow. The depth at the point where the
X The volume of water equals the volume of voids, since the soil hydraulic jump occurs is 1.5 ft. The supercritical
sample is saturated: (V„ara.) = (VvoUs) flow rate is 185 ft3/sec. Find the velocity of the
wwater water after the hydraulic jump.
and water (see above)
V Ywater y
e= ^voids ^water
V ^solids J V ^'solids J
STEP iii/
r lb N
2 Wsolids
s {^solids ) What type of problem is it?
ft3
• Water Resources
W„water = (0.125)(165)(14,„S) = (20.625)(\/U„)
(20.625){Vsolids) • Velocity of the water after the hydraulic jump
V.water
62.4 ••'-•J
• ^,=(0.3305)^ • None
H- , What references or equations are needed?
STCP g= Kvater = 0.3305 • Reference open channel flow
* Vs
• Reference hydraulic jumps
Correct Answer: (B) +

^2 - - 2 +
5, Solution:
SJP Convert supercritical flow to velocity (before hydraulic jump):
185 ft3/sec
V^ = 10.28 ft/s
A (12 ft) (1.5 f t )

I pmsthmiwiIPE f
A 15 ft hollow meter beam weighs 1,575 lbs, has

S2P Find the depth of water after the jump: a pinned connection at one end, a roller at the
m other end, and the cross-section shown below.
„2 = idi+ The statical moment of area about the neutral
2 2 1 V g 4 axis (Q) is = 76.0 in3. Find the moment of inertia
1 r- r ^ 2(10.28 ft/s) (1.5 ft) (1.5 ft) CO- 1.5 in.

c/2 = - —(1.5 /t) + J— ^ //, \ * + *—-—= 2.48 ft
U
2 2V ; V 32.2 ft/s2 4
STEP
3 Find the velocity after the jump:
Q 185 ft3/sec c .
!/,=— = t 7-r-^ r = 6.22 ft/sec
2 \ (12 ft) (2.48 f t ) 2 in. d = 15 in.
Correct Answer: (D)

• Structural
Flow rate is the same before and What is the problem asking for?
after hydraulic jumps
• Moment of inertia, I
• Weight of beam not needed
• Loading not needed
* Connections not needed
• Q not needed
bd3
1=
12
4. What references or equations are needed?
• Structural design
Solution:
STEP
1 Find the Moment of Inertia: Correct Answer: (C)
bd3 bA3 (10)(15) (6)(12) _
I= = 1948.5 in"
12 12 12 12

A standard biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Solution:
test is performed at a wastewater treatment
m plant just south of the city of San Luis Obispo, S1P
California. A 10 ml sample of wastewater from Find the B0D5\
the plant is combined with dilution water to make 7.77^-- 4.78 mg
DO, - DOf I l— = 89.7 mg/l
a 300 ml solution. The solution is then incubated BOD5 = 7
V sample 10 ml
for 5 days @ 68°F. The initial concentration of
dissolved oxygen (before incubation) is 7.77 V sample + V Dilution 300 ml
mg/l. The dissolved oxygen after incubation is
*2* Find the BODllltii
ultimate •
determined to be 4.78 mg/l. The deoxygenating
rate (kd) is 0.272 days1. Find the ultimate BOD or BODK 89.7 mg/l
BODultimate
, = 93.79 mg/l
total oxygen used by carbonaceous bacteria. 1 - 1 0r(MM ^Q-(0.272 days- )(5days)
1
* Water Resources Correct Answer: (C)
• The ultimate BOD, or total oxygen used by carbonaceous bacteria

a Location where the BOD test is performed is not needed
m Reference wastewater quantity and quality
s Reference biochemical oxygen demand

n Reference BOD and COD of wastewater
BQD _ Initial dissolved oxygen - final dissolved oxygen DO, - DOf

5dsys ( Sample Volume ) V sample )
Sample Volume + Dilution Volume J (1/ sample + V Dilution
BOD. --®°*
ultimate „ „ n-[kd)(t)
l-icr

: pm$0mmwl!PE:
An 18 ft Douglas Fir timber beam has a pinned Solution:

connection at one end (at A) and a roller at the r l bI '1 2
J(18 f t ) ^1 ibs^18 _
m other end (at B), as shown below. The beam is sre\
1 M=
WL2 PL 150ft 200
11,475 ft/lb
subjected to a uniform load (W) of 150 lb/ft and 8 4 8 + 4
a point load (P) of 1.2 kips at midspan. The beam
is 4 in. wide and 12 in. deep. Find the maximum STEP
flexural stress (fb), in ksi. 2 C = h/2 = 6 in.
STEP bh> (4 in.)(12 in.) ^

in.
3 ~12~ ~ 12
12 in.
11,475 ft-lb (6 in.)
STEP , 1ft = 1,435 psi
4 fb 576 in2
L What type of problem is it? Correct Answer: (B)

• Structural
2, What is the problem asking for?
• Maximum flexural stress ( f b )
3 Is there extraneous information?
• The fact that the beam is made from Douglas Fir is not needed
4: What references or equations are needed?
• Timber beam design

MC M
• The following fb = —jr = ^ax
• The following equation is used for max bending moment for

rectangular beam
WL2 PL
— —-—i—7"
J-fWb:,
A welded and seamless steel pipe with 33 in. i Solution:

circumference provides water from a large water
m tank on a hill above several hotels near Yosemite sj[p Find the Hazen—Williams Roughness coefficient (C) for welded and
National Park in California. The water tank is
seamless steel pipe using general tables:
700 ft above the subdivision. The pipe system
is approximately 3/4 mile away. The flow inside C = 100
the pipe is determined to be 3.5 ft3/sec. Find the
S2P Solve for diameter (D) of the pipe:
head loss due to friction (hf) of the pipe between
the tank and the subdivision, in feet.
nD = 33 in.
:. D=^-^ = 10.5 in. = 0.875 ft

71
What type of problem is it? S3P Calculate the head loss, in feet hfrfeet\
s Water resources f fr3 V-85
(4.72)(3960 f t ) 3.5-—
What is the problem asking for? hf,feet
v sec
= 72.5 ft
, _ _ x 1.85 ~_,r \4.87
(100) (0.875 f t )
b Head loss due to friction of the pipe between the tank and the
subdivision

Correct Answer: (B)
m The evaluation of the tank above the subdivision is not needed
s The fact that the pipe is for hotels on in Yosemite national park is
not needed

a Reference fluid dynamics, energy loss due to friction for turbulent
flow, and Hazen—Williams equation:
4.72(Lff)(Qat)1'85 10.44(L„)(Q,pm)'-85
(C'-s=)(D„)4'87 (C"5)(D/n.)4'87
© 2 0 1 4 | passthecivilPE.com © 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

A truss system has a pinned connection on one Solution:
side (at Point A) and a roller on the other side
S1P Find reactions on the truss system at Point H by taking the sum of
(at Point H), as shown below. 2 kips acts
downward at Point C and 5 kips acts downward moments about Point A.
at Point E and Point F. Neglect dead load of the T M A = 0 ; ( 5 k i p s ) ( 3 H ) + (4 k i p s ) ( 2 H ) + ( 2 k i p s ) ( H ) = ( Y H ) ( 4 H )
framing members. Find the force in member BE
• (27 kips){H) = (Vh)(4/-/)
= 27_kips = 6 75 kjps
h
r
»
STEP
2 Find reactions on the truss system at Point A by taking the sum of
I" forces in the x-direction and y-direction.
T Fx-direction =0
L = 0; Y A + Y „ = 2 kips + 5 kips + kips;
where YH =6.75 kips
Y A = 2 kips + 5 kips + 5 kips - 6.75 kips = 5.25 kips
Know which members are
After finding the external forces, can
1. What type of problem is it? "zero-force" members by
observation. What are the you use the Method of Sections to
• Structural forces in member FG? find the force in BE, or will there be
too many unknowns?
2, What is the problem asking for?
STEP
• The question is asking for the force in member BE 3 Find reactions in member AB and member AC by using Method of
Joints.
Is there extraneous information? THINGS TO REMEMBER
H/2 Can you eliminate 2 of the answers
m No 9 = tan 1 = 26.56c
H from the multiple choice questions?
4, What references or equations are needed?
• Reference forces in axial members = 0; 5.25 kips + AB(sin(26.56°))

Y Fx-direction =0
• Reference forces in determinant trusses
= klJPS'
• Reference Free-Body Diagrams
'• A B = - 1 1 ' ' 7 4
sin (26.56 )
• Reference Method of Joints, Method of Sections, and Cut-and AC + AS (cos (26.56°)) = 0
Sum Method
.-. AC = -AB (sin (26.56°)) = 11.74 kip (cos (26.56°)) = 10.5 kips

j immiiweMIPiE
AB( sin(25.56°))
which gives:
A
H BDsinQ
2ft
AC + AB(cos(25.56°))
ABcosQ *+- BDcos 0 + BI
5.25 /e/ps
STEP
A Find reactions in member BC and member CE by using Method of
ABsinB + BC + BEsinQ
Joints.
£ Fy-drection = AC = CE = 10. 5 kipS

BDsin = ABsin + BC + BEsin,
I direction = 0; BY observation, BC = 2 kips and BDcos + BE cos = AB cos
BDsin(26.56°) = (-11.74 k/'ps)(s/'n(26.56°)) + 2 kips + BEsin[26.56°)
BD = -7.26 kips + BE [equation l\
What if you were asked if member
Since: BD = AB - BE
AB was in tension or compression?
BD = -11.74 - BE [equation 2]
STEP
By combining equation 1 and 2:
5 Find reactions in number BE by using Method of Joints or Method -11.74 - BE = -7.26 + BE
of Sections (2 equations, 2 unknowns either way). By solving for BE:
BE = -2.24 kips
By Method of Joints at Junction B:
:. BE = 2.24 kips [<compression]
"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT'

BD Can you solve using
Method of Sections?
H_
Correct Answer: (C)
2
H_
2
H BC H BE

A high rise condominium in Washington, D.C. 5. Solution:
requires a particular concrete mix for the concrete
slabs at each floor level per project specifications.
SJP Find values for 1 yd3 concrete, using:
The project specifications require a mix design
with the following proportions: 1:2.35:3.54
(by weight). The fine and coarse aggregate
1 yd3 = 27 ft3 = Vcoarseagg + Vnne agg + Vcement + Valr + Vwater
is saturated surface dry (SSD) in compliance
with ASTM C33. The specific gravity of the fine
aggregate (SGF,NEAGG) is 2.60. The specific gravity ^2 Find weights for volume equation using mix proportions, except
of the coarse aggregate (SGCOARSE AGG) is 2.65. The water and air:
specific gravity of the cement (SGCEMENT) is 3.16.
The air content is 7% measured by ASTM C231 Wcement = 5.8 sack X 94 lbs = 545.2 lbs
with 3/4 in. maximum sized coarse aggregate. W„neagg = (2.35)(545.2 lbs) = 1281.22 lbs
The cement factor is 5.8 sacks/yd3. Find the
Wcoarseagg = (3.54)(545.2 lbs) = 1930.01 lbs
water-cement (w/c) ratio (in lbs per lbs).
S3P Find volumes using volume equation and weights from Step 2,
1 What type of problem is it?
including air:
• Construction
V = Wcement
= 545.2 IbS 2.76 ft3
2 What is the problem asking for? c e m e n t ( \ \
{SGcement) {Y water)
f
(3. 16) f 62.4-^-
l b » \
ft .
• Water-cement ratio
i/ _ ^4ne agg _ 1281.22 IbS _ -j gQ ^.3
3, Is there extraneous information?
(SGfi„ew)(^)"(2.60)f62.4^
• The ASTM information is not needed
y _ ^coarse agg _ 1930.01 IbS _ ^ ^ gy
• The location is not needed (Although the coarse agg ~~
(\ / \ — f Ih ^
high air content does correlate to the cold weather in Washington, ySGcoarse agg ) [ywater / ^2.65) I 62.4
D.C.) J
• The aggregate size is not needed Vair = (0.07X27 ft3) = 1.89ft3
References concrete mix design

W "THINGS TO REMEMBER"
• (SG)(W) 1 gallon = 8.34 lbs
• 1 sack cement = 94 lbs lft3 of water = 62.4 lbs
1 sack of cement is
C-, lb
• Ywater = 62 approximately 94 lbs

paSSth<§GSVSlPE
Timber shoring and formwork support a 6 in.

concrete slab (150 pcf), as shown below. The
S4P Find volume of water:
m concrete will be cast-in-place over in. plywood
sheathing (2.3 psf). The 6x6 shores are spaced
Kater = 27ft3 - Vcoarseagg - V„neagg - Vcement - Vair = 27 ft3 - 11.67 ft3 @ 48 in. o.c. The 4x6 stringers are spaced @
7.90 ft3 - 2.76 ft3 - 1.89 ft3 = 2.78 ft3 5 ft o.c. The 2x4 joists (1.5 in. x 3.5 in. actual)
are spaced at 16 in. o.c. The live load will be 20
psf. Assume the dead load is only the concrete
STEP
5 Find w/c ratio by finding weight of water: and the plywood. Some lateral cross-bracing is
Wwater installed for the shores. Metal bracket connections
w/c = mechanically attach the shores to sill plates. Find
Wcement
the maximum bending stress (ob) on the joists.
wwater 62.4^1(2.78 f t 3 ) = 173.47 lbs
Concrete Slab
, 173.47 lbs n ^
w/c = ———= 0.32 Sheathing
545.2 lbs

What if you were asked how many Shores
gallons of water per sack to use?

Joist
Stringer
Cross-bracing
Sill Plate
Correct Answer: (C) What type of problem is it?

"THINGS TO THINK ABOUT" -
• Structural What if you were asked for maximum J
tributary forces on a perimeter
What is the problem
stringer?
asking for?
• The question is asking for the maximum bending stress (crb) on
the joists

• The size of the stringers are not needed to answer the question
m The size of the shores are not needed to answer the question

II f
• Solution does not require information regarding the lateral cross- The following equation is used for the section modulus (S) for a
bracing that is installed for the shores rectangular section (e.g., the joist):
bh3
• Solution does not require information regarding the metal bracket
connections that mechanically attach the shores to sill plates s .H
h
What references or equations are needed? 2
• Reference Timber design 5, Solution:
STEP
• Reference Shoring and Formwork design 1 Find the total live and dead loads:
* The following equation is used for maximum bending stress for Live load is 20 psf.
We could include factored loads
the maximum bending moment (Mmax) divided by the section (e.g., 1.2D + 1.7L), but the
modulus (S):
6 in. problem does not state using
n- Mmaxc Mmax Dead lead is 75 psf 150 pcf x factored loads, so do not use.
in.
b 1 s 12
It
• The following equation is used for maximum bending moment Total load is 20 psf 75 psf +2.3 psf = 97.3 psf
(.Mmax) for a simply supported span (between stringer supports):
aA w/2 STEP
2 Find the maximum tributary area on the joints (note: use inner
max =
8 joists where the tributary loads are the greatest):
The following equation is used for the moment of inertia (I) for a 1 ft
.-. 97.3 psf x 16 in. x = 129.74 plf
rectangular section (e.g., the joist): 12 in.
bh3
~ 12
The following equation is used for the distance from the neutral
axis to the outer surface where the maximum stress occurs (c):
h
C~ 2
The section modulus (S) is the moment of inertia (I) divided by
the distance from the neutral axis to the outer surface where the
maximum stress occurs (c):
s . l
c

A network of pipes is configured in parallel under
S3P Find the maximum bending moment on the joist, (Mmax): a playground in San Diego, California, as shown.
(129.74 p / f ) ( 5 f t ) 2 Two of the pipes are schedule-40 steel and one
Mmax = i tLJl L = 405.52 Ib-ft of the pipes is bituminous-lined cast iron. The
nominal sizes of the pipes are 3 in., 4 in., and
STEP
4 Find the distance from the section modulus (S) for a rectangular 6 in., with Hazen-Williams loss coefficients of
section (e.g., the joist): 100, 100, and 140, as shown. The 3 in. pipe is
150 ft long. The 4 in. pipe is 90 ft long. The 6 in.
bh3 pipe is 225 ft long. Minor losses are insignificant.
s = ML __ _ 0625 Find the total friction loss between junctions A
h 6 6 and B water enters the pipe system at A
at 4.2 ft3/sec.
STEP
5 Find maximum bending stress:
M , M (405-52
= 3j062 5 >3 - ^ 1.588.98 ps,
• Water resources
Correct Answer: (A) Whenever C is in the problem
What is the problem asking for? statement, reference Hazen-
Williams or Chezy
• Total friction loss between
junction A and B

• The fact that the pipes are playground is not needed
• The fact that the playground is in San Diego is not needed
* The material type is not needed since the Hazen-Williams friction

loss coefficients are given
• Reference Parallel pipe system
• Hazen-Williams friction loss

3.022 V185L
hf =
C 1.85D
r\1.165
© 2 0 1 4 | passthecivilPE.com 1 2014 | passthecivilPE.com

A 2,700 lb steam hammer is dropped from a
height of 3.7 ft into soil with unit weight (Yso//) of
s For three parallel pipes 110 lb/ft3. The water content (a>) is 8% and the
Qtotal = Ql + Q2 + Q3 specific gravity of the solids (SGso//ds) is 2.67. The
pile has driven 1.2 ft in the last 10 blows. Find
Solution:
the allowable capacity of the pile (Qa) using the
Engineering News (ENR) Formula if the driven
STEP
1 Find velocity (V) for each pipe by using Hazen-Williams Equation. weight is 2,995 lbs.
0 550 D 00.631,
63 h 0.54,
0 54C
Solving for I/: y = u'aa ^54 f—- 1. What type of problem is it?
• Geotechnical
/O ._ \0.63
3 in.
(0.550) h f < 354 (100)
12 , 2. What is the problem asking for?
V3ln = = (l.535 )/7,0-54 =(2.2l)h f
(1501 f t ) 0 5 4 • Find the allowable capacity of the pile using the Engineering News
f
(0.550) 4 in. '
0.63
h°-54 (100)
(ENR) Formula
I 12 ,
Kn = = (2.424)/7f0-54 = (5.15)/?, 3 Is there extraneous information?
(90 ft)054
0.63 • The unit weight of the soil (Yso//) is not needed
(6 in.')
(0.550) hf0'54 (140)
< 12 J • The water content (co) is not needed
VAN = = (2.67l)hf0-54 = (6.17)hf
(225 ft)0 .54
• The specific gravity of the solids (SGso/Ws) is not needed
STEP
2 Find Q for each pipe by multiplying the velocity (V) by the pipe 4 What references or equations are needed?
area (4):
\2 • ENR Formula for pile capacity:
K 3 in.
Qm = (2-21) hf = 0.108/7,
4 12 Q a = ~
2 WhammerH
n 4 in.
\2
s + ( 0.1) Wdn
Q4i„ = (5.15)/7f = 0.449/7, V ^'hammer J

4 ~12~
Solution:
n 6 in.
Q6,„=(6.17)hf = 1.211/7, STEP
Find S: S =
1.2 ft 12 in. = 1.44 in.
4 12 1
10 1 ft .
STEP:
||| For parallel pipes, the total flow is the sum of the flow rates in 2(2/700 lbs) (3.7 ft)
each branch and hf is the same: Find Qa: Qa =
2,995 lbs
1.44 in. + (0.1)
Qtotal = Qzin + Q^n + Qein 2,700 lbs^
ft3 Qa = 12.9 kips Correct Answer: (C)
4.2—= 0.108/7,+0.449/7,f + 1.211/7,f
sec
hf = 2.38 ft Correct Answer: (D)

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psssthecMIPE

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g1 = + 2% Slope at Point P (SP)

Activity Duration Activity Duration Activity Duration \ 92 = " 6 %

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