Surveying Methods: Research more on the different surveying methods
discussed above, provide pictures and situation in which it is applicable. Affix your signature at the end of your submittal.
1. CONTROL SURVEY is a method of survey in which
additional surveys are adjusted to the horizontal and vertical position of the dots. This precise position of points is transformed into a network of markers and serves as the coordinating basis for subordinate surveys. Examples of survey projects using control are Plantsite Control, Deformation Monitoring, Aerial, Topographic, Mapping or any other survey requiring the establishment of a set of control points to be used on a continuous basis for additional surveys.
2. BOUNDARY SURVEY is a process to
determine the property lines and to define the real property corners of the parcel of land described in the act. It also indicates the extent of any intrusion or intrusion and may show the limitations imposed on the property by state or local regulations. In other words, a boundary survey is a method used for surveying the boundary of a particular property. In this type of survey, the surveyor will either set or retrieve property corners and produce a detailed plate or map. It focuses mainly on defining the corners of a parcel of land. People generally commission boundary surveys before buying, dividing, improving, or constructing land.
3. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY locates all the
surface features of the property and depicts all its natural features and elevations. Essentially, it is a 3-dimensional map of a 3- dimensional property showing all natural and man-made features and improvements. In particular, it shows their location, size, height and any changes in elevation. The aim of a topographic survey is to gather spatial information on the natural or man-made features of the site. This can often be related to the National Ordnance Survey Grid and Data Information and is reviewed by point. It is generally accepted that the points are positioned in three dimensions, which facilitate ground modeling and visualizations to be produced from the topographic survey. It is generally accepted that the points are positioned in three dimensions, which facilitate ground modeling and visualizations to be produced from the topographic survey.
4. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY is the science of
measurement and description of features affecting marine navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil drilling and related activities. One of the main purposes for which hydrographic surveys have been carried out is navigation. Like, for example, when boats or fishing boats are out on the water, they use hydrographs to determine whether the area is safe to enter, either in advance or while on the water. As a result, they will be guided and ensured that the body of water they navigate is correct and safe. They can study the earthquake, the habitat of marine creatures, and evaluate the ecosystem. Science of measurement and description of features affecting marine navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil drilling and related activities. One of the main purposes for which hydrographic surveys have been carried out is navigation. Like, for example, when boats or fishing boats are out on the water, they use hydrographs to determine whether the area is safe to enter, either in advance or while on the water. As a result, they will be guided and ensured that the body of water they navigate is correct and safe. They can study the earthquake, the habitat of marine creatures, and evaluate the ecosystem.
5. MINE SURVEYING it's a branch of mining
science and technology. It includes all measurements, calculations and mapping for the purpose of identifying and documenting information at all stages from prospecting to exploitation and the use of mineral deposits by surface and underground operation. Mine surveying is also the practice of determining the relative position of the points on or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect distance, direction and elevation measurements.
6. An ASTRONOMICAL SURVEY this is a general
map or image of a region of the sky that lacks a specific observational target. Alternatively, an astronomical survey may consist of a set of many images or spectra of objects that share a common type or feature. Astronomical surveys are conducted to determine the absolute location or position and direction of any line on the surface of the Earth, as well as the absolute location of any point of the heavenly bodies, such as the Moon, the Sun, the Star, and the planets. This is a general map or image of a region of the sky that lacks a specific observational target. Alternatively, an astronomical survey may consist of a set of many images or spectra of objects that share a common type or feature. Astronomical surveys are conducted to determine the absolute location or position and direction of any line on the surface of the Earth, as well as the absolute location of any point of the heavenly bodies, such as the Moon, the Sun, the Star, and the planets.
7. A ROUTE SURVEY is defined as being the
required service and product that adequately locates the planned path of a linear project or right of way which crosses a prescribed area of real estate, extending from at least one known point and turning or terminating at another known point. A survey of the earth’s surface along a particular route in the compilation and updating of topographical, geological, soil, and other maps and the correlation of selected contours and objects with geodetic reference points or landmarks during linear surveys, and also in the study of the dynamics of natural and socioeconomic phenomena in a narrow strip of terrain. In a route survey, representations of the actual course of the survey and of the plane horizontal features (including the terrain, if necessary) on both sides of it within the limits of direct visibility are plotted on a map board using methods of instrument surveying or exploratory surveying.
8. The PHOTOGRAMMETRY SURVEY is a
survey and mapping technique with a number of applications. The practice of photogrammetry applications in surveying includes site planning, topographic mapping, estimation of the amount of earthwork on proposed roads, collection of digital elevation models (DEM) and image-based mapping (orthophotography). Reliable information on the physical object and the environment is gathered in this survey method. A process in which terrestrial and aerial photographs have been used for data collection, which includes measurements and assessments of the said area. Reliable measurements that require specific skills, techniques and decisions taken by an individual are obtained. Photogrammetry is a science and technology, because it uses images and transforms them into significant results through technology. Modern photogrammetry involves image references and image forms that are different from photographs, such as radar images.
9. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYS its
reference points and markers to guide the construction of new structures, such as roads or buildings, are to be identified. These markers are usually staked according to the appropriate coordinate system chosen for the project. Survey provides essential information for the planning and design of construction projects. Specifically, it provides information on markers and reference points to guide the construction of new buildings (this may also include the restoration and renovation of buildings).
10. The CITY SURVEY is made in
connection with the construction of streets, water supply and sewage lines fall within this category. 11. FORESTRY SURVEY is a complex of tasks involving the division of the forest into homogeneous areas and the description of the areas. The tasks performed include a survey of the boundaries of the forest area, a division of the area into compartments and a survey of the compartment grid, the establishment of compartment valuation plots and the compilation of the valuation description, charts and maps of the stands. The description of the valuation sets out the area and industrial characteristics of each section of the stands, including the origin, composition, shape, age, density, volume and marketability index (commercial assessment) of the stands, as well as the average height and diameter of the trees, the type of forest and the presence of seedlings and brushwood. The possibility of reforestation shall be determined in the description of unforested cutting areas, vacant land and clearings. Forest surveys are preceded by topographical work, which is mainly carried out by aerial photography.
12. INDUSTRIAL SURVEY It is a method of
surveying carried out in different industries. It could involve the oil and gas industry, mechanics, process industries, power plants, etc. For example, occasional downshifts in factories require rapid measurements of the plant and equipment to ensure that everything is properly aligned and that any adjustments are required. Another example is that rolling mills require periodic checks to ensure that rollers are truly parallel and horizontal, to ensure that products such as steel, paper, plastic, etc. do not crack or run off the edge of rollers. 13. CADASTRAL SURVEYING it is a sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specializes in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It therefore plays an important part in the legal creation of properties. Cadastral surveys are generally carried out to subdivide the land into parcels for ownership under the land title and to re- establish the boundaries of the properties previously surveyed in order to determine the physical size of the property or to facilitate the transfer of the property title.