BIOMOLECULES

- small molecules that comprises all living

organisms.

Carbohydrates monosaccharides CHO

Lipids fatty acids & glycerol CHO
Proteins amino acids CHON
Nucleic Acid nucleotides CHONP

carbohydrates
- it has the biggest contribution to the
development of an organism
- most abundant molecules of life
- energy source

Amylase- breaks down amylum

Lactase- breaks down lactose

CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

1. Monosaccharide
- are also called "simple sugars".
- the common base unit of all
carbohydrate molecules.
- have the highest oxygen to carbon
ratio of any of the important organic
molecules.
 Glucose (blood)
 Galactose (brain)
 Fructose (fruit)

Alkane –
Alkene =
Alkane ≡

2. Oligosaccharides
- consist of molecules formed from a
few (i.e. more than 2, but not
"many") monosaccharide molecules
joined together.
3. Polysaccharides
 -consist of molecules formed from many TYPES OF UNSATURATED FAT (OILS)
monosaccharide molecules attached
together in the form of long chains.

lipids
 Lipids are essential components of all living
organisms
 Lipids are water insoluble organic
Cis- nababali yung structure /Trans- hindi nababali
compounds
 They are hydrophobic (nonpolar) or
amphipathic (containing both nonpolar and -
polar regions) 2. Sphingolipids
- protection and structure of cell
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
- presence of of NH
1. Triglycerides - linked to a polar head to one long
- body’s main energy reservoir fatty acid
- one glycerol backbone & 3 fatty 3. Phospholipids
acids - making cell membrane
- fats and oils - form micelles
- only two fatty acid chains
- hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tail
4. Steroids
- Similar solubility properties as lipids
but not fatty acids or esters
- Steroid nucleus (common basic
structure)
 Testosterone- primary androgen hormone
 Estrogen- promote development of female’s
body characteristics
Fats Oils  Cortisone- released in response to stress
- from animals - from plants
 Vitamin D- calcium absorption
- saturated fatty - unsaturated fatty
acids acids (essential)
- do not have double - liquid at room
bond in fatty acid temperature
chain
- solid at room
temperature