JAI GURUDEV

MAHARISHI INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL

CLASS WORK FOR X
CHAPTER : 10 L I G H T

IMPORTANT FORMULAE :

S. NO DESCRIPTION FORMULA
1 Mirror formula 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
( to find the focal f = focal length of the mirror
length ) v = image distance
u = object distance

2 Magnification 1) m = v / u ( or )
produced by mirror 2) m = h’ / h ( or )
m = magnification by mirror
h’ = height of image
h = height of object
3) m = ( h’ / h ) ( v / u )

3 Snell’s law Sin i / sin r

( mirror ) i = angle of incidence
r = angle of reflection

4 Lens formula 1/f = 1/v - 1/u

( to find the focal f = focal length of the lens
length ) v = image distance
u = object distance

5 Magnification 1) m = -v/u ( or )
produced by lens 2) m = h’ / h ( or )
m = magnification by lens
h’ = height of image
h = height of object
3) m = ( h’ / h ) ( - v / u )

6 Snell’s law Sin i / sin r

( lens ) i = angle of incidence
r = angle of refraction
S. NO DESCRIPTION FORMULA
7 Refractive index n = c/v
( for both mirror & n = refractive index
lens ) c = speed of light in vacuum
v = speed of light in the medium

8 Refractive index
( for both mirror & nAB = speed of light in medium – B
lens )
( If light moves from speed of light in medium – A
medium – A to
medium – B )
9 Refractive index
( for both mirror & nBA = speed of light in medium – A
lens )
( If light moves from speed of light in medium – B
medium – B to
medium – A )
10 Refractive index
( for both mirror & n = 1 / Sin C
lens ) n = Refractive index
( if critical angle is c = Critical angle
given )
11 Power P = 1/f
( for both mirror & P = Power
lens ) f = focal length ( in meters )

12 Combination of
power P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ……..
( for both mirror &
lens )
13 Combination of focal
length 1 / f = 1 / f1 + 1 / f2 + 1 / f3 + ……..
( for both mirror &
lens )
ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) What is a mirror?
Any smooth and polished surface which gives a clear image is said to be a mirror.

2) On what principle mirror works. Define the principle.

Principle : Reflection.
Bouncing back or coming back of light ray after hitting the reflecting surface of the
mirror is said to be reflection.

3) Define concave mirror.

If the reflecting surface is bend inside then the mirror is said to be a concave mirror.

4) Define convex mirror.

If the reflecting surface is bend outside then the mirror is said to be a convex mirror.

5) Define pole of a mirror.

The centre of the mirror is said to be Pole of the mirror. Denoted by ( P )

6) Define aperture of the mirror.

The height of the mirror is said to be aperture.

7) Define centre of curvature of a mirror.

The centre of the imaginary sphere in which the mirror forms a part is said to be
centre of curvature of the mirror. It is denoted by ( C )

8) Define radius of a mirror.

The line joining the pole ( P ) and centre of curvature ( C ) of the mirror is said to be
the radius of the mirror. It is denoted by ( R )

9) Define principle focus of a mirror.

It is the place where almost all the light rays meet after reflection. It is denoted by (F)

10) Define focal length.

It is the distance between pole ( P ) and principal focus ( F ). It is denoted by ( f )
2 MARK / 3 MARK QUESTIONS :
1) How will you identify the three types of mirrors by touching them?
Plane mirror : The reflecting surface is flat ( plane )
Concave mirror : The reflecting surface is bend inside.
Convex mirror : The reflecting surface is bend outside.

2) How will you identify the three types of mirrors without touching them?
When you bring your face near the mirror :
Plane mirror : The size of the image is same a size of object ( face )
Concave mirror : The size of the image is big.
Convex mirror : The size of the image is small.

3) What are the two rays responsible for the image formation in mirror? Define them.
Incident ray and reflected ray
Incident ray : The ray that comes from the source or object.
Reflected ray : The ray that comes from the mirror after hitting it.

4) Draw the incident ray and reflected ray in case of concave mirror.

i i = incident ray
r = reflected ray.

5) What are the rules to be followed for drawing ray diagram for concave mirror.
For diagram refer page no. 164 Fig : 10.3 ( a ), Fig : 10.4 ( a ), Fig : 10.5 ( a ) & Fig : 10.6 ( a )

Rule – 1 : When light ray passes parallel to principal axis after reflection
passes through principal focus ( F )

Rule – 2 : When light ray passes through principal focus ( F ) after reflection
passes parallel to principal axis.

Rule – 3 : When light ray passes through centre of curvature ( C ) after

reflection passes through centre of curvature itself

Rule – 4 : When light ray passes through pole ( P ) after reflection comes
back making equal angles ( ∟i = ∟r )