SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST, COIMBATORE – 641 022.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

SRI RAMAKRISHNA POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE
Seminar on
Embedded System

Presented by :
S.Kaushik,
Asst.Prof(Sr.G) / EIE
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore 22.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1

 Overview

Embedded System – Introduction

ARM 7 (LPC2148) - Introduction

Embedded Programming

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 2

 What are Embedded Systems?

• Computers are embedded within other systems: What is

“other systems”? – Hard to define.

• Any computing system other than desktop / laptop

server.

• Typical examples:
• Washing machine, refrigerator, camera, vehicles, airplane,
missile, printer.

• Processors are often very simple and inexpensive

(depending on application of course).

• Billions of embedded system units produced yearly,

versus millions of desktop units.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 3

 Common Features of Embedded Systems

• They are special-purpose or single-functioned

• Tight constraints on cost, energy, form factor, etc

• Low cost, low power, small size, relatively fast

• They must react to events in real-time.

• Responds to inputs from the system’s environment.
• Must compute certain results in real-time without delay.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 4

 Introduction to Embedded Systems

• How to define an Embedded System?

• It is a microcontroller-based system that is designed to control a

function or range of functions, and is not meant to be programmed
by the end user.

• The user may make choices concerning the functionality but cannot
change them.

• The user cannot make modifications to the software.

• Can you “program” your washing machine or refrigerator or car?

• Not today … but not very sure of the near future

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 5

 Embedded System Hardware

Figure 1 Information flow in Microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1-6

 Types of Embedded Systems
Stand Alone Embedded Systems
It takes the input from the input
ports either analog or digital and
Processes, calculates and converts
the data and gives the resulting
data through the connected device
Networked Embedded Systems
These types of embedded systems
are related to a network to access
the resources
2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC
Real Time Embedded Systems
System which gives a required o/p
in a particular time.
These types of embedded systems
follow the time deadlines for
completion of a task.
Mobile Embedded Systems
Portable embedded devices like
cell phones, mobiles, digital
cameras, mp3 players and
personal digital assistants, etc.
7
 Types of Embedded Systems

• Stand Alone Embedded Systems

• Real Time Embedded Systems

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 8

 Types of Embedded Systems

• Networked Embedded Systems

• Mobile Embedded System

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 9

 Simple to Complex Embedded System

Figure 2 Embedded Application based on simple to complex

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 10
 Simple to Complex Embedded System

Figure 3 Microcontroller complexity based on the applications

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 11
 Embedded Linux - Companies

Figure 4 Companies supporting Embedded Linux

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 12
Microcontroller ?

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 13

 Microcontroller

• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single

integrated circuit.

• A microcontroller contains
• one or more processor
• memory and
• programmable input/output peripherals.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 14

 Microcontroller

• Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other

device (often a consumer product)

• Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run

one specific program.

• Microcontrollers are often low-power devices.

• A microcontroller is often small and low cost.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 15

 Computer Vs Microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 16

 Computer parts

Figure 5 Computer parts

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 17

 CMOS & BIOS

Monitor

Hard Disk

Keyboard & Mouse

Mother Board
RAM

Printer & Speaker

CPU
Figure 6 Function of a computer
2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 18
 Microcontroller

Figure 7 Function of a microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 19
 General Purpose Computer vs
Microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 20

 ARM

• Architectural ideas developed in 1983 by Acorn

Computers.

• To replace the 8-bit 6502 microprocessor in BBC

computers.

• The first commercial RISC implementation.

• The company founded in 1990.
• Advanced RISC Machine (ARM).
• Initially owned by Acorn, Apple and VLSI

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 21

 ARM

• One of the most widely used processor cores.

• Some application examples:

• ARM7: iPod
• ARM9: BenQ, Sony Ericsson
• ARM11: Apple iPhone, Nokia N93, N100

• 90% of 32-bit embedded RISC processors till 2010.

• Mainly used in battery-operated devices:

• Due to low power consumption and reasonably good
performance.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 22

 ARM

• A simple RISC-based architecture with powerful design.

• A whole family of ARM processors exist.
• Share similar design principles and a common
instruction set.
• Design philosophy:
• Small processor for lower power consumption (for embedded
system applications).
• High code density for limited memory and physical size
restrictions.
• Can interface with slow and low-cost memory systems.
• Reduced die size for processor to accommodate more
peripherals

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 23

 ARM Types

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 24

 LPC2148

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 25

 LPC2148

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 26

 LPC2148

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 27

 PIN Details

• LPC2148 has two 32-bit General Purpose I/O ports.

1. PORT0
2. PORT1
• PORT0 is a 32-bit port
• Out of these 32 pins, 28 pins can be configured as either
general purpose input or output.
• 1 of these 32 pins (P0.31) can be configured as general-
purpose output only.
• 3 of these 32 pins (P0.24, P0.26 and P0.27) are reserved.
Hence, they are not available for use. Also, these pins are not
mentioned in pin diagram.
• PORT1 is also a 32-bit port. Only 16 of these 32 pins
(P1.16 – P1.31) are available for use as general-purpose
input or output.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 28

 Pin Function Select Registers

• There are 3 Pin Function Select Registers in

LPC2148:

1. PINSEL0 : - PINSEL0 is used to configure

PORT0 pins P0.0 to P0.15.

2. PINSEL1 : - PINSEL1 is used to configure

PORT0 pins P0.16 to P0.31.

3. PINSEL2 : - PINSEL2 is used to configure

PORT1 pins P1.16 to P1.31.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 29

 IO Registers

IOxPIN (GPIO Port Pin value register):

Examples :
a) Writing 1 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (1<<4)
b) Writing 0 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN & (~(1<<4) )
c) Writing F to P0.7-P0.4
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (0x000000F0)

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 30

 I/O Registers

• IOxSET
• IOxDIR
• IOxCLR

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 31

Programming

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 32

 THANK YOU

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 33