1

Kingst on Co llege Biolo gy CAPE Unit 1

Pr o t eins Wor k sheet solution sheet

1. Draw a simple amino acid molecule and label each part. [ 3]

variable group

carboxyl group

amino/amine group

central carbon

2. Polypeptide chains are f or med by ______

pe_p_tide ____ bonding and is added t o t he

__C__
- t_e_
rm_i_
nu_s_/ _
C_O_
O_H_e_n_
d __ ____ of amino acid. Use a diagram to show a dipept ide below [ 4] ( make sur e you
label the bond mentioned above)

peptide bond

3. What type of bonding is responsible for the pr imar y str uct ure of pr oteins and w hat is the pr imar y str uct ure?

[ 2]
____th_e_u_n_iq_u_e_s_eq_u_n_ce_ _of_a_mino__
ac_id_s_in
__a_p_
ol_
yp_e_p_t id_e_c_h_a_
in_h_e_
ld_to
_g_e_th_e_r _by_p_e_p_ti_de_b_o_n_d_s __________ _____________

4. What kind of bonding bet ween amino acid r esidues is most import ant in maint aining secondar y st ructur e?

What are the types of secondary structur e that exist? [ 4]

___th_is__
is_th_e_l_
oc_a_l _
fo_
ld_in_g_b_e_
twee_
n_s_
ho_r_
t s_e_ct_io_n_
s _o_f _th_e_p_o_
ly_
pe_p_ti_de_ _ch_a_in_. ______________________ _____________
__T_he_y_f_o_
rm__
2_ty_p_
es_:_a_lp_h_a_h_elix &
_ _be_t_a_p_
le_
at_e_
d_ _e_e_ts___________________________________
sh _____________
__T_h_e_y _a_
r e_m
_a_in_t_
ai__d_b_y_h_y_drog_en_ _
ne bo_n_d_
s _
b_et_w_ee
_n_a_d_ja_c_e_nt_R__
g r_o_
up_s_________________________ _____________

5. What is the ter tiary st ruct ur e of a pr otein and how is it maintained? [ 3]

___th_is_i_s _fo_ld_in_g_o_f _th_e_e_n_tir_e_poly_pe_p_ti_de__c_h_
ai_
n _d_
ue_t_o_in
_t_
er_a_
ct_
io_
ns_ _
be_t_
w_ee_n_d_is_ta
_n_c_e _a_m_in_o_a_c_
id_
s ________ _____________

___m
_a_i_
nt_
ai_n_
e d_b
_y_: _h_
yd_ro
_g_e_n_bond_s_, _io_n_ic_b_o_n_ds_,_h_yd_r_op_h_o_bi_c_in_te_r_
a c_ti_o_
ns_a
_n_d_d_is_u_lp_h_
id_
e _b_
r id_g_e_
s ________ _____________

6. What is the quater nar y st ructur e of pr oteins and how is it maintained? [ 2]

_t_
hi_
s_is_m_o_r_
em_t_h_an__
on_e_p_o_ly_p_
eptid_e_c_
ha_i_
ns_i_
nd_e_p_e_
nd_e_n_t ly_f_o_ld_e_
d _th
_e_n_b_o_n_
de_d_t_
og_e_th_e_r _in_o_rd
_e_r_f_
or_i_
t t_o_b_
ec_o_m_e a _
fu_
n_ct_
io_
na_l_p_ro_te_in_ __
_m_a_in_t_
a i_
ne_d_b_y_h_y_d_
ro_p_
ho_b_ic_i_
ntera_c_
tio_n_s_b_e_tw
_e_e_n_th_e_d_if_fe_re_n_t _ch_a_in_s__________________________ _____________

7. Describe denaturing of a protein [ 2]

 2

__th_i_
s _
is_th
_e_p_e_rm
__an_e_t _un_f_
ol_di_ng o_f _
a_p_
o l__e_p_ti_de_c_h_a_in_w_h_ic_h_d_is_ru_p_ts_t_h_
yp e_3_
-D_s_h_a_pe
__(p_ri_
m_a_
ry_&_s_e_c_
on_d_a_ry_s_tr_uctu_re_)_a_n_d _its_______
ability to be a funtional protein

8. How does t he f ollowing contr ibut e t o prot ein denaturation? [ 10]

9. Heat
_D_e_
st_
ro_y_
s _
th_e_io_n_ic_a_nd h_y_
dr_o_
ge_n_b_o_n_
d s_b
_y_c_a_u_
si_
ng__
th_
e _a_
to_m_s_to
__vi_
br_a_
te_m
_o_r_
e._ ______________ _____________

a. Heavy Metals or or other inorganic chemicals e.g., Hg and Ag combine with COOH.

b. pH
c. Temper at ure Destroys the ionic and hydrogen bonds by causing the atoms to vibrate more.

d. Organic solvent

9. When Classif ying pr oteins accor ding the composition ther e ar e 2 gr oups name and explain each using an

example. [ 4]

10. Haemoglobin, My oglobin and callogen ar e 2 functional proteins. Discuss t he f ollow ing: [ 15]
a. The str uctural ar rangement of each

b. The function of each

M yo glo bi n
□s i ngl e pol y pept i de c hai n H a em o glo bi n
□2 alpha chains
□2 beta chains

A B

Ca ll o gen fi bres
□a lpha helix thr ea d
□wr a pped in a tr etr a d

A - just to show how the helix is formed

B - what you should have drawn