INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

MATH SL

EXERCISES 2.1-2.2
LINES – QUADRATICS

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

LINES

A. Practice Questions

1. Consider the points A(2,7), B(5,11)

(a) Find the gradient of the line segment AB
(b) Write down the gradient of a perpendicular line to AB.
(c) Let M be the midpoint M of the line segment AB. Find the coordinates of M.
(d) Find the distance between A and B (otherwise, the length of the line segment AB).
(e) Find the coordinates of the point C(x,y), if B is the midpoint of the line segment AC.

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 1

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

2. Consider the points A(3,5) and B(a,1), where a∈R. Find the possible values of a in the following
cases:
(a) If the gradient of the line segment AB is 2
(b) If the midpoint of the line segment AB is M(7,3)
(c) If B is the midpoint of the line segment AC, given C(7,-3)
(d) If B is the midpoint of the line segment AD, given D(d+10,d)
(e) If the distance between A and B is 5.

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 2

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

4
3. Let A(3k,4k) be a point of the line L with equation y = x , where k is an integer.
3
(a) Verify that the point A lies on the line L
(b) Find the possible values of k if the distance between the origin and point A equals 10.
(c) Write down the coordinates of the two points on the line L whose distance from the origin
is equal to 10.

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4. Consider the line L with equation y = 2x - 3.

(a) Find the line L1 which is parallel to L and passes through the point A(1,9)
(b) Find the line L2 which is perpendicular to L and passes through the point A(1,9)
(c) Find the coordinates of the intersection point B between L and L2
(d) Find the distance between the points A and B (hence the distance between the L and L1)

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 3
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

5. Consider the points A(2,5) and B(3,8) .

(a) Find the gradient of the line L1 passing through A and B
(b) Find the equation of the line L1
(c) Find the line L2 which is perpendicular to L1 and passes through the point A
(d) Express both equations of L1 and L2 in the form ax+by = c , where a,b,c are integers.
(e) Write down the solution of the two simultaneous equations found in (d).

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 4

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

6. Consider the points A(-2,5) and B(4,9) .

(a) Find the gradient of the line L passing through A and B
(b) Find the coordinates of the midpoint M between A and B.
(c) Find the equation of the line which is perpendicular to L and passes through the point M.
(d) Find the distance between the points A and B.
(e) Write down the distance between M and B, in the form a , where a ∈ Z .

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 5

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

7. The following three lines l1, l2, and l3 are defined with equations
l1 : x + y = 5 , l2 : x − 2 y = 8 , l3 : x = −2
and are shown in the figure below.

(a) Find the coordinates of the common point A between the lines l1 and l2.
(b) Write down the coordinates of the common point B between the lines l1 and l3
and the coordinates of the common point C between the lines l2 and l3.
(c) Hence, find the area of the triangle ABC.

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 6

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

8. Consider the points A(2,-5), B(2,8), C(6,5) and D(-3,5).

(a) Find the equation of the line L1 passing through A and B
(b) Find the equation of the line L2 passing through C and D
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection P between the lines L1 and L2.
(d) Find the area of the triangle BPC
(e) Find the area of the triangle ABD

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 7

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

9. The diagram below shows the line with equation 3x + 2y = 18. The points A and B are the y and
x-intercepts respectively. M is the midpoint of [AB].
y

A
3x + 2y =18

B
O x

Find the coordinates of (a) the point A; (b) the point B; (c) the point M.

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(Total 6 marks)

10. Consider the line L with equation y + 2x = 3. The line L1 is parallel to L and passes through the
point (6, –4).
(a) Find the gradient of L1.
(b) Find the equation of L1 in the form y = mx + b.
(c) Find the x-coordinate of the point where line L1 crosses the x-axis.

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(Total 6 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 8

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

QUADRATICS

A. Practice Questions

11. Consider the following quadratics

(a) f ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 10

(b) f ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 18

(c) f ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 23
For each one

(i) Find the roots and factorize (if possible).

(ii) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry.
(iii) Find the vertex and hence express the function in the form f ( x ) = a ( x − h) 2 + k
(iv) Solve f ( x) ≥ 0
(v) Solve f ( x) ≤ 0

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 9
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

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(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 10

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

12. (a) Factorize x2 – 3x – 10.

(b) Solve the equation x2 – 3x – 10 = 0.

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(Total 4 marks)

13. The diagram represents the graph of the function

f : x a (x – p)(x – q).
y

– 12 2 x

(a) Write down the values of p and q.

(b) The function has a minimum value at the point C. Find the x-coordinate of C.

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(Total 4 marks)
(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 11
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

14. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f, where f (x) = x2 − x − 2.

(a) Find both x-intercepts. (b) Find the x-coordinate of the vertex.

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(Total 6 marks)

15. The diagram shows the parabola y = (7 – x)(l + x). The points A and C are the x-intercepts and
the point B is the maximum point. Find the coordinates of A, B and C.
y

A 0 C x

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(Total 4 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 12

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

16. The diagram shows part of the graph with equation y = x2 + px + q. The graph cuts the x-axis at
–2 and 3.
y

x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–2

–4

–6

Find the value of (a) p; (b) q.

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(Total 4 marks)

17. The diagram shows the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c.

y

x
Expression positive negative zero
a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

Complete the table below to show whether each expression is positive, negative or zero.

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(Total 4 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 13

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

18. The quadratic equation 4x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0, k > 0 has exactly one solution for x.
Find the value of k.

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(Total 4 marks)

19. The equation kx2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has exactly one solution. Find the value of k.

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(Total 6 marks)

20. The equation x2 – 2kx + 1 = 0 has two distinct real roots. Find the set of all possible values of k.

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(Total 6 marks)
(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 14
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

21. A family of functions is given by

f (x) = x2 + 3x + k, where k ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
Find the possible values of k if the curve of this function crosses the x-axis.

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(Total 6 marks)

22. Consider two different quadratic functions of the form f (x) = 4x2 − qx + 25. The graph of each
function has its vertex on the x-axis.
(a) Find both values of q.
(b) For the greater value of q, solve f (x) = 0.
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two graphs.

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(Total 6 marks)
(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 15
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

23. (a) Express f (x) = x2 – 6x + 14 in the form f (x) = (x – h)2 + k, where h and k are to be
determined.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, write down the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola with
equation y = x2 – 6x + 14.

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(Total 6 marks)

24. Consider the function f (x) = 2x2 – 8x + 5.

(a) Express f (x) in the form a (x – p)2 + q, where a, p, q ∈ .
(b) Find the minimum value of f (x).

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(Total 6 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 16

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

25. Let f (x) = a (x − 4)2 + 8.

(a) Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the curve of f.
(b) Given that f (7) = −10, find the value of a.
(c) Hence find the y-intercept of the curve of f.

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(Total 6 marks)

26. The diagram shows part of the graph of the curve y = a (x – h)2 + k, where a, h, k ∈ .
y

20

15

10 P(5, 9)

0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
(a) The vertex is at the point (3, 1). Write down the value of h and of k.
(b) The point P (5, 9) is on the graph. Show that a = 2.
(c) Hence show that the equation of the curve can be written as y = 2x2 – 12x + 19.

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(Total 6 marks)
(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 17
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

27. The function f (x) is defined as f (x) = –(x – h)2 + k. The diagram below shows part of the graph
of f (x). The maximum point on the curve is P (3, 2).
y
4
P(3, 2)
2

x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

–12

(a) Write down the value of (i) h ………. (ii) k. ………

(b) Write down the possible values of f (x) ………………
(c) Show that f (x) can be written as f (x) = –x2 + 6x – 7.

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(Total 5 marks)

28. The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a (x – h)2 + k. The graph has its vertex at P, and
passes through the point A with coordinates (1, 0).
y

P
2

A
–1 0 1 x

(a) Write down the value of (i) h …….. (ii) k……….

(b) Calculate the value of a.

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(Total 6 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 18

 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

29. The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function, with equation in the form
y = (x − p)(x − q), where p, q ∈ .

(a) Write down (i) the value of p …………. and of q ……..….

(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry of the curve …………..

(b) Find the equation of the function in the form y = (x − h)2 + k, where h, k ∈ .

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(Total 6 marks)

30. Part of the graph of the function y = d (x −m)2 + p is given in the diagram below.
The x-intercepts are (1, 0) and (5, 0). The vertex is V(m, 2).

(a) Write down the value of (i) m ……….. (ii) p ……….

(b) Find d.

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(Total 6 marks)
(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 19
 SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

31. The equation of a curve may be written in the form y = a(x – p)(x – q). The curve intersects the
x-axis at A(–2, 0) and B(4, 0). The curve of y = f (x) is shown in the diagram below.
y
4

A B
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 x

–2

–4

–6
(a) Write down the value of p and of q.
(b) Given that the point (6, 8) is on the curve, find the value of a.
(c) Write the equation of the curve in the form y = ax2 + bx + c.

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(Total 5 marks)

(SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 20