CHEMICAL

REACTIONS
Lesson 4
HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THESE?
Which of the following involves a chemical
reaction?
1. Freezing of water to ice
2. Combustion of fuel in motorcycle
3. Smashing of coal
4. Digestion of food
5. Rusting of iron
6. Gasoline burning
7. Shredding paper
 Chemical Reactions

a process in which the physical

and chemical properties of the
original substances change as
new substances with different
physical and chemical properties
are formed
Signs of Chemical Reactions
There are five main signs that indicate a chemical
reaction has taken place:

release
input
change in color change in odor production of new input or release difficult to reverse
gases or vapor of energy
 ENERGY & CHEMICAL REACTIONS
A certain amount of energy is needed to break the chemical bond
between a carbon and a hydrogen atom. It takes a different amount of
energy to break the bond between a carbon and an oxygen atom. Every
chemical bond has its own unique bond energy.

It takes energy to break bonds. However, energy is released as chemical

bonds are formed.

The starting chemicals in a reaction are called the reactants. The final
products of a chemical reaction are called products. On the reactant side
of the chemical equation, bonds are broken.

On the product side of the reaction, bonds are formed. Energy is needed
to break the bonds of the reactants. Energy is released as the new bonds
are formed in the products.
PRODUCTS AND REACTANTS

Two kinds of substances:

1. The substances present before the change.
2. The substances formed by the change.
Reactants –present at the beginning of the reaction
Products –are the substances formed by the chemical
reaction
ENERGY INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL RXNS

ENDOTHERMIC EXOTHERMIC
• requires the addition • reactions that
of heat from its produce heat
surroundings • Energy released
• Energy absorbed
Ex. Combustion of
Ex: photosynthesis, fuels, or heat
cooking of egg, cold packs
packs
 COLLISION THEORY
• States that for reactants
to transform into
products, there should be
effective collision among
the reactant particles
• Effective collisions
between molecules, which
result in the formation of
products, only occur when
the two conditions are
met:
• activation energy
• proper orientation of
molecules
SVANTE ARRHENIUS
suggested that particles must possess a certain minimum
amount of kinetic energy in order to react
 ACTIVATION ENERGY
• All reactions require energy to start the
breaking of bonds. This energy is called
activation energy.
• Activation energy is the minimum
amount of energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
• Different reactions have different
activation energies.
 RATE OF REACTION
• The rate of a reaction is the speed
at which the reaction occurs.

• Molecules must collide before they

can react.

• Chemical reactions occur faster if

particles collide more often or if the
particles move faster when they
collide.

• Several factors affect how often

particles collide and how fast
particles move.
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF REACTION

01 CONCENTRATION
The higher the
concentration, the faster
02 PARTICLE SIZE
Bigger surface area means
bigger exposed portions of a
the rate of reaction. solid which are available points
of contact between reactants.

03 TEMPERATURE
The higher the
temperature, the higher
04 PRESENCE OF CATALYST
provides an energy pathway
needed to start a reaction,
the rate of reaction. therefore increasing the
reaction rate; speeds up the
rate of reaction.
OTHER SOURCES
OF ENERGY
 ENERGY SOURCES

FOSSIL FUELS GEOTHERMAL SOLAR

Non renewable; formed for a Heat energy from Energy from the
long process – crude deep within the sun
oil/petroleum, coal, natural earth
gas

BATTERY HYDROELECTRIC BIOMASS

Uses electrochemical Generated through the Biological substances
energy from RedOx use of running water in that can be used as fuel
reaction order to spin a turbine
generator
THANK YOU
Any questions?
Performance
Task 2
Individual PT
Research one of the sources of energy in the Philippines.
Analyze the environmental impact of the chosen energy
source. Answer the guide questions below:
1. Are there harmful waste products or by-products released during the
production of energy? You can enumerate them and give the hazards of
these products or by-product.
2. Is obtaining the fuel harmful to the environment? Enumerate the harmful
effects to the environment.
3. Will using the energy source permanently remove the fuel from the
environment? Based on your research, what will be the effect on the
environment and society?

Present your findings through a poster, infographic or any visual

representations.

Deadline: Feb. 13 (Saturday)