Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TLE
(Technical Drafting)
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Prepare and Interpret
Technical Drawing
(Analyze Signs,
Symbols and Data)
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) - Technical Drafting 7/8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
(Analyze, Signs, Symbols and Data)
First Edition, 2020
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the (Maintain Hand Tools, Drawing Instruments, Equipment and Paraphernalia
(MT)). The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
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now using.
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What I Know
Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer. Use the given activity sheet for
your answer.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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6. The symbol shown below is the representation of _______.
a. Duplex convenience outlet
b. Door Outlet
c. Single receptacle outlet
d. Switch
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9. Which of the following provides a “common language” for drafters all over
the world?
a. Symbol
b. Lines
c. Dimension
d. Drawing
a.
b.
c.
d.
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11. Which of the following is considered as orthographic drawing which shows the
exterior of the building?
a. elevation
b. section view
c. scale measurement
d symbol
13. What is the comparison to 1 meter if the ratio used in the floor is 1:50?
a. 20 mm equals to 1 m
b. 50 mm equals to 1 m
c. 100 mm equals to 1 m
d. 60 mm equals to 1 m
14. What is the area of the master’s bedroom based on the figure below?
a. 20 m2
b. 16 m2
4.00 m
c. 30 m2
d. 4 m2
4.00 m
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Lesson Prepare and Interpret
4 Technical Drawing
In the preparation of working drawings for the building-construction industry,
architects and engineers have devised systems of abbreviations, signs and symbols
to simplify the work of those preparing the drawings and to keep the size and bulk
of the construction documents to an acceptable and comprehensible plan. Drawing
simple building components without the use of symbols would indeed be a
tiresome task.
What’s In
3. 85 cm. = __________ m.
What’s New
Activity 2. Directions: Match Column A to Colum B. Write the letter of your on the
space provided before the number. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.
.
Column A Column B
a. Switch
_____1.
b. Cylindricity
c. Straightness
_____2.
d. Exterior Door
e. Shower
_____3.
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f. Toilet
_____4.
g. Parallelism
h. Bell
_____5.
i. Fluorescent lamp
j. Floor Outlet
_____6.
k. Interior Door
_____7.
Guide Questions
Do you think you were able to match signs/symbols with their names?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Which items you found easy to recognize? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Which items you found difficult to recognize? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Drafting Symbols
Symbols provide a “common language” for drafters all over the world. However,
symbols can be meaningful only if they are created according to the relevant
standards or conventions.
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Wall hung toilet
Interior Door
Conductor/Wire A Ammeter
Terminal V Voltmeter
Switch Galvanometer
G
Fuse Wattmeter
W
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Connected Wires Wires not
Connected
Cell Bell
Buzzer Duplex
Convenience
Outlet
Electrical Signs
Your power tool with its manual may contain "WARNING ICONS" (a picture symbol
intended to alert you to, and/or to instruct you how to avoid a potentially hazardous
condition). Knowing and understanding these symbols will help you operate your tool
better and more safely.
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Table 4. Common Plumbing Symbols
900 Elbows
Straight Tee
Reducing Tee
Sanitary Tee
P-Trap
Gate Valve
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Shower Head
Lavatory (Sinks)
Bath Tubs
Orthographic Projection
The projection is achieved by viewing the object from a point assumed to be at infinity
(an indefinitely great distance away). The line of sight or projectors are parallel to
each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection.
One can develop the skill in visualizing the views of an object by imagining that the
object is enclosed in a “glass box”. Each face of the object is viewed perpendicularly
to the projection plane. The views are obtained by projecting the lines of sight to each
plane of the glass box. Since the glass box have six sides, six views of the object can
be seen.
1. Frontal Plane- The projection shown in the frontal plane is called front
view or front elevation.
2. Horizontal Plane- The projection shown in this plane is called top view or
plan view.
3. Profile Plane. A projection at this plane is called the side view or end
view, or side or end elevation.
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As we unfold the glass box, six views of the object are revealed: top, front, right-
side, left-side, rear, and bottom view. We assumed that all of the pieces of the glass
box are hinged to the front plane except the rear plane being hinged to the left-side
plane, as shown in the illustration.
1. Elevation
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior of a building.
The elevation is that part of the building that people see and observe, hence, it is the
part they use to judge the structure.
Preliminary Sketches
The location and proportion of features are very important in the drawing of elevation.
Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and openings. Some of the things
to consider in the drawing of elevations are;
1. Proportion – which deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation
to one another.
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3. Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a uniform
elevation.
Elevation Projection
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an architectural drawing just
as the views are projected the front view of an orthographic drawing. All six views are
rarely used to depict architectural structures, instead only four are used. These four
elevations are normally projected on the floor plan.
2. Dimensioning
Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum line, which is a
reference line that remains constant. Dimensions on elevation show the height above
the datum or the ground line. Dimensioning elevations must conform with basic
standards to ensure consistency of interpretation.
Dimensioning Method
1. Aligned Method
All dimensions are placed aligned with the dimension line and be read from either
the bottom or right side of the paper.
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2. Unidirectional Method
In the unidirectional method, all dimensions are read from the bottom of the page
as illustrated. This is a new method.
Rules in Dimensioning
For a beginner like you, remember these dimensioning rules when placing
measurements in your drawing.
1. Dimensions should be placed between the views.
2. Avoid repetition of dimensions.
3. Use outside dimension if the space is limited, and use an inside dimension
if there is enough space.
4. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.
5. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the space for dimensioning
is limited.
6. When dimensioning a circle, it should be from center to center.
7. Dimensions are entered in millimeters without measures.
8. Extension lines must have a distance of about 10 mm from the object edge
and an approximate 2 millimeters after the dimension lines.
3. Scale Measurement
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing and
enlarging the scale size measurement. There are two system of measurement, Metric
system and English system.
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Figure 10. Architectural and Mechanical Metric Scale
Metric System
Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale, the bigger the
size in the triangular scale whereas, the largest the number used the smallest size of
actual measurement.
1:05 m. 1: 100 m.
1:10 m. 1: 200 m.
1:20 m. 1: 300 m.
1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.
1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.
1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.
1:75 m. 1:1000m.
Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm in width with the
numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale is convenient for
ratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000
The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equals to 2 mm. with the calibration
numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is convenient for ratios of 1:20,
1:200, and 1:2000.
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USE RATIO COMPARISON TO 1 METER
A window and door schedule in a home build plan is the plan for when these items
are scheduled to be installed. Window and door schedules are essential when
planning a building project for your home in order to ensure their proper
installation and fit in the overall house building plan.
Window and door schedules are set based on the timing of other design elements
in the house plan such as framing for walls, the doors and windows and other
associated work. Having a schedule for windows and doors in the home plan helps
with project management and the process necessary to reduce building costs and
complete the home build.
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Type: Tanguile Single Faced Panel
Door with 50 mm Jamb in Valspar
Finished
Hinges: 3-3’ Yale Steel Hinges in
Chromium Finished
Lockset: Yale Stainless Steel Knob Type
Lockset with one Barrel Bolt in
Chromium Fin.
Required: 1Set
What’s More
Activity 3. Directions. Given the floor plan below. Answer the following questions.
Use the given activity sheet for your answer.
3 4
5
ROOM 2
1
2
7 6
ROOM 1
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For Items 1-7, what are the names of the signs/symbols found in the figure above?
1._____________________________ 5. ________________________
2. ____________________________ 6. ________________________
3. ____________________________ 7. ________________________
4. ___________________________
10. Are the area of room one and two the same? Why?
Directions. Answer the following questions. Use the given activity sheet for your
answer.
1. How can you identify the signs and symbols used in the drawing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How can you analyze the data indicated in the technical drawing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Directions: Analyze the given floor plan and elevation by answering the
following questions. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.
Picture A Picture B
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FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:50
5. Based on the floor plan, which is the correct front elevation, picture A or picture
B? Why? ________________________________________________________
Assessment
Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer. Use the given activity sheet for your
answer.
a. Single kitchen
b. P-Trap
c. Tub
d. Shower
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b. Door Outlet
c. Single receptacle outlet
d. Switch
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. Which of the following provide a “common language” for drafters all over
the world?
a. Symbol
b. Lines
c. Dimension
d. Drawing
a.
b.
c.
d.
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8. Which of the following uses a ratio of 1:1?
a. scale
b. half size
c. full size
d. extra size
9. What is the comparison to 1 meter if the ratio used in the floor is 1:50?
a. 20 mm equals to 1 m
b. 50 mm equals to 1 m
c. 100 mm equals to 1 m
d. 60 mm equals to 1 m
10. What is the area of the master’s bedroom based on the figure below?
a. 20 m2
b. 16 m2
4.00 m
c. 30 m2
d. 4 m2
4.00 m
b.
c.
d.
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14. Which of the following is the representation of fuse symbol?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Additional Activities
Directions: Draw the floor plan of your house and identify the signs and symbols
you use. Use your activity sheet for your answer.
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References
Answer Key
www.draftingmanuals.tpub.com.http://draftingmanuals.tpub.com/14276/css/Common-
Plumbing-Symbols-257.htm.(Accessed June 05, 2020)
WHAT’S MORE
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DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the
primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this
module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This
is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public
schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommendations.