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16
PART 6 RECOGNIZING AND AVOIDING ERRORS
Subject-Verb
Agreement:
CHAPTER PREVIEW
OUTCOM
Present Tense
LEA ING
ES
RN
Writing Assignments Subject-verb agreement in the present tense ranks as one of the
most common errors in written standard English. For many
people, subject-verb agreement reflects regional speech or the
informal way we speak in daily life. For example, many
Southerners say “you was” instead of “you were.” It is important
to understand the difference between regional speech and
standard English. Then you can choose language most effective in
a given situation.
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OUTCOM
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
LEA ING
ES
READING AND WRITING
RN
Agreement?
Practice 1
PHOTOGRAPHIC ORGANIZER: SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
WRITING
FROM L
IFE
Complete the following activity
and answer the question
“What’s the point of subject-
verb agreement?”
Assume you are a manager, and
you are completing the yearly
review of the employees in your
unit. You have asked each
employee to submit a self-
evaluation. Read the following
two drafts of a self-evaluation
that will be submitted by a
member of your unit. Is one
draft more likely to be effective
in securing a raise? Why or
why not?
Draft A:
Making good decisions are one of my strengths. When I face a decision, I think about the
different choices that is possible. Each of the choices provide its own good point, and each
also provide its own downside. The key to effective decisions unlock the best options.
Draft B:
Making good decisions is one of my strengths. When I face a decision, I think about the
different choices that are possible. Each of the choices provides its own good point, and each
also provides its own downside. The key to effective decisions unlocks the best options.
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OUTCOM
PART 6 RECOGNIZING AND AVOIDING ERRORS
LEA ING
Understanding the Point of Subject-Verb
ES
SELF-EVALUATION
RN
Draft B is more likely to help the employee get a raise. This draft used
singular verbs with singular subjects and plural verbs with plural subjects.
As a result, Draft B sounds polished and professional. In contrast, Draft A
mixed singular subjects with plural verbs or plural subjects with singular
verbs. As a result, Draft A doesn’t seem clear or controlled. Our group made
a chart to show the differences between the two drafts.
Draft A: Draft B:
Subject Verb Subject Verb
Making decisions are Making decisions is
choices that is choices that are
Each provide Each provides
key unlock Key unlocks
As our group talked, some of us were confused by the use of the letter “s”
to make a word plural. The teacher explained that the “s” is used to make
many subjects plural, but the “s” is also used to make some verbs singular.
So, in most cases, if there is an “s” on the subject, I now look to see if I can
drop the “s” on the verb.
OUTCOM
ES
STRUCTURE
RN
Agreement
In the present tense, subjects and verbs must agree in number. A singular subject must
have a singular verb; a plural subject must have a plural verb. The following chart uses
the sample verb “write” to illustrate present tense agreement in number.
For standard verbs, only the third-person singular verb is formed by adding -s or -es.
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Third-person singular subject present tense verb ends with -s or -es
He watches
She learns
It lives
Practice 2
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Fill in the following charts with the correct form of each subject and verb. A few blanks are
completed as examples.
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Write the form of the verb to have that agrees with the subject in each of the following
sentences.
1. Jerome has worked various jobs in the food industry for several years.
2. He and his brother have a plan to open their own pub.
3. Their passion for making craft beer and entertaining people has fueled their dream
of owning their own pub.
4. They have saved enough money for a down payment on a building in a great location.
5. The location for the pub has a spectacular view of the river.
First Person I do We do
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Practice 4
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: TO DO
Write the form of the verb to do that agrees with the subject in each of the following
sentences.
1. Successful people enjoy the work they do .
2. Eric does his best work when he enjoys what he is doing.
3. However, successful people do face unpleasant obstacles and tasks in their work.
4. Too often, lack of self-confidence does keep us in unfulfilling jobs.
5. Enjoyment does outrank money as the main goal of a satisfying career.
The verb to do is often used with the adverb “not” to express a negative thought.
Frequently this negative is stated in the form of the contractions doesn’t and don’t
that combine the verb and the adverb into shorter words. The verb part of the
contraction must still agree with its subject.
Second Person You don’t seem well You don’t seem well
Practice 5
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: TO DO AND NOT
Fill in the blank with the form of the verb to do that agrees with the subject of each of the
following sentences. Use the contractions doesn’t and don’t as needed.
1. People whose only goal is to make money, usually do not.
2. A national poll indicated that 80% of American workers do not enjoy their jobs.
3. Usually, a person doesn’t make a fortune in a job he or she hates.
4. Serena Williams does not play tennis only for the money; she loves the game.
5. In your haste to make a living, don’t forget to make a life.
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The to be verb is unusual because it uses three forms in the present tense:
am, is, and are.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: TO BE
1. Steve Jobs was working for a video gaming company when he and a computer-
building friend, Steven Wozniak, started a computer business.
2. On April 1, 1976, Apple Computer Company was founded.
3. The iMac, the iBook, and the iPod are his designs.
4. Steve Jobs says, “I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I
loved what I did. You've got to find what you love.“
5. Jobs, worth $4.4 billion, is the picture of success.
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Practice 7
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: TO HAVE, TO DO, TO BE
1 Oprah Winfrey
Write the form of to have, to do, or to be that agrees with the subject of each of the
following sentences. Then, follow the instructions to write three sentences of your own.
1. Oprah Winfrey’s success has not come easily, but is the result of several factors.
2. Oprah, who is goal-oriented, says, “You are where you are today in your
life based on everything you have believed.”
3. She has the ability to recognize an opportunity, and she does seize the moment.
4. Unlike Oprah, many people don’t have the courage to follow their passion.
5. Difficulties throughout her life have served as lessons and have made her wiser.
6. Her dedication to others and her passion for excellence are key aspects of her success.
7. Worth over $1 billion, Oprah doesn’t have to work; she is living her dream life.
8. Write a sentence using a form of the verb to have. Suggested topic: A dream or goal.
Answers may vary.
9. Write a sentence using a form of the verb to do. Suggested topic: A positive step toward
a goal.
Answers may vary.
10. Write a sentence using a form of the verb to be. Suggested topic: A trait of success.
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The following chart of prepositional phrases lists a few common prepositions and
sample objects.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Choose the verb form that agrees with the subject of each of the following sentences.
Cross out prepositional phrases. Underline the subject. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. Demand for goods and services (affects affect) the job market.
2. The opportunities for healthcare occupations (has have) surged because of the fast
growth in demand for health services.
3. The need for healthcare and social assistance (is are) going to create 4 million new
jobs from now until 2016.
4. As more women enter the labor force, demand for childcare services (is are) expected
to grow.
5. The longer life spans of an aging population (has have) increased the need for jobs in
health care.
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16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns do not refer to specific nouns. Most indefinite pronouns are
singular; a few are plural, and some can be either singular or plural. Consider the context
of the indefinite pronoun to achieve subject-verb agreement.
• Singular indefinite pronouns agree with singular verbs.
Example
Choose the verb form that agrees with the subject of each of the following sentences. Cross
out prepositional phrases as needed. Underline the subject. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. Most of us (does do) want a fulfilling career.
2. Many (dreams dream) about starting businesses where they can enjoy a hobby all day.
3. Some of the experts (urges urge) job-seekers to “do what you love and the money will
follow.”
© Pearson Education, Inc.
4. No one (wants want) to spend all day doing something he or she has no interest in.
5. However, few of us (realizes realize) that having to earn money at something often changes
the way we feel about it.
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Collective Nouns
Collective nouns name a collection of people, animals, or items as a unit. The
agreement between a collective noun and a verb depends on the context of the
sentence.
• When a collective noun represents the individuals in a group, use a plural verb.
Example PLURAL VERB
The board have differing opinions.
Collective vote 3
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Practice 10
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Choose the verb form that agrees with the subject of each of the following sentences. Cross
out prepositional phrases as needed. Underline the subject. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. One mega-successful English band (is are) the Rolling Stones.
2. Formed in 1962, the group (is are) the longest-lived continuously active band in rock and
roll history.
3. The crowd of fans always (screams scream) with one voice in appreciation.
4. In their personal lives, the band (has have) led wild lives in the past but (has have) become
calmer in recent years.
5. A set of new songs (is are) included on their album A Bigger Bang.
6. The vast majority of successful musical groups (makes make) most of their money touring.
7. For example, The Rolling Stones band (has have) earned $92.5 million in one tour.
8. This cast of aging characters (is are) still going strong in their mid-sixties.
9. Their audience (does do) not agree on who is the most popular member of the Rolling
Stones.
10. Write a sentence using a collective noun. Suggested topic: A successful performing group.
Answers may vary.
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Either-or/Neither-Nor
Either or neither often signal a singular subject that requires a singular verb.
• To ensure subject-verb agreement, identify and cross out prepositional phrases.
“EITHER” REFERS TO ONE OF “THE SINGULAR VERB “IS” AGREES WITH
JOBS” AND THUS IS A SINGULAR SINGULAR SUBJECT “EITHER”
SUBJECT
Either of the jobs is available.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
Either-or/neither-nor joins parts of a subject; the verb agrees with the nearer part of
the subject.
• When all parts of the subject are singular, the verb is singular.
SINGULAR SUBJECTS
• When all parts of the subject are plural, the verb is plural.
PLURAL SUBJECTS
• When one part of the subject is singular and the other part is plural, the verb
agrees with the nearer part. For smooth expression, place the plural part of the
subject closer to the verb.
“EITHER”/“OR” JOINS A SINGULAR PLURAL VERB “ARE” AGREES WITH
SUBJECT AND A PLURAL SUBJECT NEARER (PLURAL) SUBJECT “BENEFITS”
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Practice 11
16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: EITHER-OR/NEITHER-NOR
Choose the verb form that agrees with the subject of each of the following sentences. Cross
out prepositional phrases as needed. Underline the subject. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. Neither family nor friends (is are) supposed to cross a picket line.
2. Neither the union leaders nor the company president (has have) given in on any point.
3. Either fringe benefits or a higher wage (is are) likely, but not both.
4. Either businesses or the market (has have) the right to set the minimum wage.
5. Neither government nor politicians (has have) the moral authority to set a worker’s wage.
6. Neither the organizers of the strike nor the workers on strike (responds respond) to the
jeers of bystanders.
7. Neither slander nor violence (is are) an acceptable way to negotiate working conditions.
8. Either Mr. Barnett or Ms. Hawkins (has have) to announce the result of the negotiations.
9. Either of the two offers (is are) acceptable.
10. Write a sentence using either or neither. Suggested topic: The ideal job.
Answers may vary.
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Agreement in Questions relies on understanding that the subject comes after the verb
or between parts of the verb.
SINGULAR SUBJECT
Example
Choose the verb form that agrees with the subject of each of the following sentences. Cross
out prepositional phrases. Underline the subject. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. There (is are)) many different types of jobs described in the Occupational Outlook Handbook,
2008-09 Edition on the U.S. Department of Labor’s website.
2. Here (is are) job search tips and information about the job market in each state.
3. There (is are) a search box on each page of the website to help find information about a
specific occupation or topic.
4. (Is Are) you interested in learning more about how to use the Internet as a job-seeker?
5. Write a question. Suggested topic: Applying for a job.
Answers may vary.
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16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Agreement with Relative Pronouns ESL Hint:
Agreement with relative pronouns relies on identifying the relationship among a To check for
relative pronoun (a pronoun such as that, which, who, and whom that introduces a subject-verb
agreement in
dependent clause), its antecedent (the word the pronoun refers to), and its verb. questions, turn the
When a relative pronoun refers to a plural antecedent, it requires a plural verb. When question into a
a relative pronoun refers to a singular antecedent, it requires a singular verb. Note statement.
that relative pronouns signal a dependent clause. The antecedent for the relative EXAMPLES
pronoun is often found in the independent clause. Do I need to pack
a jacket for the
trip?
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE I do need to pack a
jacket for the trip.
Terrell and Jamal are the two workers who do more than expected.
Relative Pronouns
Choose the verb form that agrees with the relative pronoun in each of the following
sentences. Underline the antecedent of the relative pronoun once. Underline the relative
pronoun twice. Circle the appropriate verb.
1. Shantel has applied for the job that (is are) posted.
2. Shantel has applied for all of the jobs that (has have) been posted recently.
3. This position requires public speaking, which (is are) one of Shantel’s strengths.
4. Shantel is one who (does do) well in the spotlight.
5. Write a sentence using a relative pronoun. Suggested topic: A workforce skill.
Answers may vary.
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ES Writing Assignments
WRITING PROCESS
RN
I am applying for one of the openings that are posted on your website. There is
several skills that I brings to the job. Organization and communication is
necessary skills for an office manager. Both my former co-workers and my former
WANT A
BETTER GRADE? boss has written recommendations which states my strengths in these two areas.
For more practice with
If you needs more information, here is my home and evening phone numbers.
subject-verb agreement in
the present tense, go to
Sincerely,
www.mywritinglab.com >
Recognizing and Avoiding Jordan Marsh
Errors > Subject-Verb
Agreement: Present Tense.
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16 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
WHAT HAVE I LEARNED ABOUT SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT? OUTCOM
LEA ING
ES
SELF-EVALUATION
RN
To test and track your understanding, answer the following questions.
agree in number.
3. What are the three forms of the present tense of the verb to be? am, is, are
5. Indefinite and collective pronouns are singular or plural based on the context
of the sentence.
6. When either-or joins part of a subject, the verb agrees with the nearer part
of the subject.
9. Agreement with relative pronouns relies on identifying the relationship among a relative RTFOLIO
PO
pronoun, its antecedent , and its verb.
10. How will I use what I have learned about subject-verb agreement?
In your notebook, discuss how you will apply to your own writing what you have learned
about subject-verb agreement.
11. What do I still need to study about subject-verb agreement?
In your notebook, describe your ongoing study needs by describing what, when,
and how you will continue studying subject-verb agreement.
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