INDUSTRIAL STATISTIC 1

4th Semester
Group Assignment 2

Manufacturing System Class 1

Group 6
1. Denartha Randhika (004201900057) WA no.
(089620280307)
2. Arum Nillam Ismudayani (004201900061)
3. Fina Dyah Setyaningrum (004201900028)
4. Hazmy Sultan (004201900068)
5. Najmia Latifarani (004201900033)
6. Siti Hasanah R.A (004201900007)
7. Sophia Margareth Tobing (004201900062)
8. Trisdiyanti (004201900038)

Date : 4th October 2020

Jababeka Education Park, Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, RT.2/RW.4, Mekarmukti, North Cikarang,
Bekasi,West Java 17530
Contribution table

Name of Member Contribution/Responsibility

Denartha Randhika Resolving number 1
Arum Nillam Ismudayani Resolving number 2
Siti Hasanah R.A Resolving number 3
Hazmy Sultan Ghifari Resolving number 4
Sophia Margareth Tobing Resolving number 5
Trisdiyanti Resolving number 6
Najmia Latifarani Resolving number 7
Fina Dyah Setyaningrum Resolving number 8
1. A tobacco company produces blends of tobacco, with each blend containing various proportions
of Turkish, domestic, and other tobaccos. The proportions of Turkish and domestic in a blend are
random variables with joint density function (X = Turkish and Y = domestic)

a. Find the probability that in a given box the Turkish tobacco accounts for over half the
blend.
b. Find the marginal density function for the proportion of the domestic tobacco.
c. Find the probability that the proportion of Turkish tobacco is less than 1/8 if it is known
that the blend contains 3/4 domestic tobacco.

Given
24𝑥𝑦, 0 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 1 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Solution
1 1
a. P(X > ) = P( < X ≤ 1)
2 2

1 1−𝑥
= ∫1 ∫0 24𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2
1 1−𝑥
= ∫1 (12𝑥𝑦 2 ) 0
𝑑𝑥
2
1 1−𝑥
= ∫1 (12𝑥(1 − 𝑥)2 − 12𝑥(0)) 0
𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫1 (12𝑥(1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) − 0)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫1 (12𝑥 − 24𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫1 (6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= (6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 4 ) 1
2
1 3
= (6 − 8 + 3) − (4 − 1 + 16)
𝟓
= 𝟏𝟔
= 𝟎, 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓

b. ℎ(𝑦) = ?

ℎ(𝑦) = ∫𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥

1−𝑦
ℎ(𝑦) = ∫ 24𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
0
1−𝑦
ℎ(𝑦) = 12𝑥 2 𝑦
0
 ℎ(𝑦) = 12𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑦)
ℎ(𝑦) = 12(1 − 𝑦)2 𝑦
ℎ(𝑦) = 12𝑦(1 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝒉(𝒚) = 𝟏𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟑 , 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟎 < 𝒚 < 𝟏

1 3
c. P(X < 8 |𝑌 = 4)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑓(𝑥| y) =
ℎ(𝑦)
So
1 3
P(X < |𝑌 = )
8 4
1 3
8 24𝑥 4
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 3 32 33
12 4 − 24 4 + 12 4
1
8
= ∫ 32𝑥𝑑𝑥
0
1
28
= 16𝑥
0
1 2
= 16 ( ) − 12(0)
8
1
= 16 ( )
64
𝟏
= = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟓
𝟒

2. Two electronic components of a missile system work in harmony for the success of the total
system. Let X and Y denote the life in hours of the two components. The joint density of X and Y is

a. Give the marginal density functions for both random variables.

b. What is the probability that the lives of both components will exceed 2 hours?

Given :
Solution
a). *Marginal density function for the random variable (x)

g (x) = ∫ 𝑦 𝑓(x,y) 𝑑𝑦
∞
= ∫0 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑟
= lim ∫0 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑟→∞

−𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑟 𝑟 −𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥)
(1) = lim ( ) | ₋ lim ∫0 1+𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑟→∞ 1+𝑥 0 𝑟→∞
−𝑟𝑒 −𝑟(1+𝑥) 1
= lim ( ) ₋ lim ((1+𝑥)) 𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑟−∞ 1+𝑥 𝑟→∞

𝑒 −𝑟(1+𝑥) ₋ 𝑒 −0(1+𝑥)
(2) = 0 ₋ lim ( )
𝑟→∞ (1+𝑥)²

1
= for x ≥ 0
(1+𝑥)²

*Marginal density function the random variable (y)

h(y) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
∞
= ∫0 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑟
= lim ∫0 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑟→∞
So, the marginal density functions for both
−𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑟 −𝑦
= lim (−𝑒
𝑟→∞
)|
0 random variables is 𝑒 for 𝑦 ≥ 0
= lim ( −𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑟) + 𝑒 −𝑦 )
𝑟→∞

= 𝒆−𝒚 for 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
b). Determine the probability P (X > 2, Y > 2).
𝑃(𝑋 > 2, 𝑌 > 2)
∞ ∞
= ∫2 ∫2 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∞ 𝑟
= ∫2 lim (−𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑥) ) |2 𝑑𝑦 So, the probability P (X > 2, Y > 2)
𝑟→∞
∞
= ∫2 lim(−𝑒 −𝑦(1+𝑟) + 𝑒 −3𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑟→0 e−6
= lim 𝑒 −3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 Is
𝑟→∞
𝑟
3
1
= lim (− 3 𝑒 −3𝑦 ) |
𝑟→∞ 2
1 𝐞−𝟔
= lim − (𝑒 −3𝑟 − 𝑒 −6 ) =
𝑟→8 3 𝟑
3. Let the number of phone calls received by a switchboard during a 5-minute interval be a random
variable X with probability function

a. Determine the probability that X equals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

b. Graph the probability mass function for these values of x.
c. Determine the cumulative distribution function for these values of X.

Solution :
a) X is obtained by simply plugging in the x-value in the function
we get the following values:

𝑃 (𝑋 = 0)𝑓(0) = 𝑒 −2 = 0.1353
𝑃 (𝑋 = 1)𝑓(1) = 2𝑒 −2 = 0.2707

𝑃 (𝑋 = 2)𝑓(2) = 2𝑒 −2 = 0.2707

4𝑒 −2
𝑃 (𝑋 = 3)𝑓(3) = = 0.1804
3
4𝑒 −2
𝑃 (𝑋 = 4)𝑓(4) = = 0.0902
3
4𝑒 −2
𝑃 (𝑋 = 5)𝑓(5) = = 0.1353
15
4𝑒 −2
𝑃 (𝑋 = 6)𝑓(6) = = 0.0120
45
b). This is the graph

0,3

0,25

0,2

0,15

0,1

0,05

0
X=0 X=1 X=2 X=3 X=4 X=5 X=6

Seri 1
c). Determine the cumulative distribution function for these values of x
FORMULA: 𝐹(𝑥) = ∑𝑦≤𝑥 𝑓(𝑦)

𝐹(0) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (0) = 0.1353

𝑥≤0

𝐹(1) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑓(1) = 0.4060

𝑥≤1

𝐹(2) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) = 0.6767

𝑥≤2

𝐹(3) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) = 0.8571

𝑥≤3

𝐹(4) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(4) = 0.9473

𝑥≤4

𝐹(5) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(4) + 𝑓(5) = 0.9834

𝑥≤5

𝐹(5) = ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(4) + 𝑓(5) + 𝑓(6) = 0.9954
𝑥≤6

4. An industrial process manufactures items that can be classified as either defective or not
defective. The probability that an item is defective is 0.2. An experiment is conducted in which 6
items are drawn randomly from the process. Let the random variable X be the number of
defectives in this sample of 6. What is the probability mass function of X?

Solution :
Known x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6
As there are 6samples, we have ( 6 ) combinations
Defective probability 0.2 x (contribution))
Undefective prob 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
Let x E {0,1,2,3,4,5,6} be the number of defective items in some sample of 6. We can choose which x out
of the 6 in ( 6 ) different ways.
x (contribution)
Solution :

• For 0 defect
( 6 ) 0,20 x 0,86 = 0,262144
0
• For 1 defect
( 6 ) 0,21 x 0,85 = 0,065536
1
• For 2 defect
( 6 ) 0,22 x 0,84 = 0,016384
2
• For 3 defect
( 6 ) 0,23 x 0,83 = 0,004096
3
• For 4 defect
( 6 ) 0,24 x 0,82 = 0,001024
4
• For 5 defect
( 6 ) 0,25 x 0,81 = 0,000256
5
• For 6 defect
( 6 ) 0,26 x 0,80 = 0,000064

X=x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P (X = x) 0,262144 0,065536 0,016384 0,004096 0,001024 0,000256 0,000064
According to the calculations above, we find that the probability of mass function of this problem is

f (x) = ( 6 ) x 0,2𝑥 x 0,86−𝑥 , x E (0,1,2,3,4,5,6)

5. The life span, in hours, of an electrical component is a random variable with cumulative
distribution function

a. Determine its probability density function.

b. Determine the probability that the life span of such a component will exceed 70 hours.

Solution
a) To determine the probability density function f, we use the fact that f is the derivative of the
cumulative distribution function F.
f(x) = F’(x)
𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥(1 – e –x/75)
𝑑
= – e –x/75. 𝑑𝑥 (–x/75)

−1 𝟏
= – e –x/75. ( 75 ) = e –x/75 for x > 0
𝟕𝟓

b). If X is the random variable which represents the life span in hours of an electrical
component (and its probability density function is f), we need to find the probability P (X >70).
P (X > 70) = 1 – P (X ≤ 70)
= 1 – F (70)
= 1 – (1 – e -70/75)
= e – 14/15

= 0,3932
6. The shelf life of a product is a random variable that is related to consumer acceptance. It turns out
that the shelf life Y in days of a certain type of bakery product has a density function

What fraction of the loaves of this product stocked today would you expect to be sellable 3 days
from now?

Solution
3
1 −𝑦/3
f(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦
0 3
3
1 −𝑦/3
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦
0 3
3
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3
= - ∫0 𝑒 𝑡
3
= ∫0 − 𝑒 −𝑦/3
1 3
=− |
𝑒 −𝑦/3 0

1 1 1
= − 3/3 — 0/3 = − +1 ≈ 𝟎, 𝟔𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒

7. Impurities in a batch of final product of a chemical process often reflect a serious problem. From
considerable plant data gathered, it is known that the proportion Y of impurities in a batch has a
density function given by

a. Verify that the above is a valid density function.

b. A batch is considered not sellable and then not acceptable if the percentage of impurities
exceeds 60%. With the current quality of the process, what is the percentage of batches
that are not acceptable?
Solution
(a) We’ll show that f is a valid probability density function by checking the condition
∫𝑦 𝑓(𝑦) = 1
1
∫ 𝑓(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑦 0

1
= ∫ 10(1 − 𝑦)9 𝑑𝑦
0

= (−(1 − 𝑦) 10 ) |1 0

= (−(1 − 1)10) – (−1 − 0)10)

= 𝟏

(b) The batches that aren’t acceptable are those in which the percentage of impurities exceeds
60%. Therefore, we need to determine the probability 𝑃(𝑌 ≥ 0,6).
𝑃 (𝑌 ≥ 0,6) = 𝑃 (0,6 ≤ 𝑌 ≤ 1)
1
= ∫ 𝑓(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
0,6

1
= ∫ 10(1 − 𝑦)9 𝑑𝑦
0,6

= (−(1 − 𝑦)10 )|1 0

= (−(1 − 1)10 ) − (−(1 − 0,6)10 ) = 𝟎, 𝟒𝟏𝟎

8. A chemical system that results from a chemical reaction has two important components among
others in a blend. The joint distribution describing the proportions X1 and X2 of these two
components is given by

a. Give the marginal distribution of X1 .

b. Give the marginal distribution of X2 .
c. What is the probability that component proportions produce the results X1 < 0.2 and X2 >
0.5?
d. Give the conditional distribution fX1|X2(x1 |x2 ).

Solution

a). Marginal distribution of the random variable X₁

g(x₁) = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥1 . 𝑋2 )

1
= ∫𝑥1 2 𝑑𝑥2

1
= (2𝑥2 ) |
𝑥₁

= 2−𝟐𝒙𝟏 for 0 < 𝒙𝟏 < 𝟏

b). In (a) to determine the marginal distribution of the other random variable :

h (𝑥₂) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥1 . 𝑥2 )

𝑥₂
= ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥1

2
= (2𝑥1 ) |𝑥
0

= 𝟐𝒙𝟐 for 0< 𝒙𝟐 < 𝟏

c). P(𝑥1 < 0,2. 𝑥2 > 0,5) = P (0 < 𝑥1 0,2.0,5 < 𝑥2 < 1)
0,2 1
P (0 < 𝑥1 0,2.0,5 < 𝑥2 < 1) = ∫0 ∫0,5 𝑓(𝑥1. 𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑥3
0,2 1
= ∫0 ∫0,5 2 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑥1

0,2 1
= ∫0 (2𝑥2 ) | 𝑑𝑥1
0,5
0,2
= ∫0 2(1 − 0,5) 𝑑𝑥1
0,2
= ∫0 1𝑑𝑥1

0,2
= (x₁)|
0
= 0,2 – 0 = 0,2
d). Deterimine the conditional distribution use
𝑓 (𝑥1 . 𝑥2 )
𝑓𝑥1 ǀ 𝑥2 (x₁ ǀ x₂) =
ℎ (𝑥2 )
2
=
2𝑥2

𝟏
=
𝒙𝟐