Ohm’s Law

Voltage​ (V): ​J/c

dU=qV. Thus, V=dU/q

Current​ (I): ​C/s or Ampheres

Resistance​ connects voltage and current: Ohm

V=IR or I=V/R

Power: P=dU/dt=V * I

Watts (J/s)

Newtons: 1 kg*m/s^2

In a vertical pipe of water, there is some potential energy. Potential energy is analogous to
voltage (as voltage is electric potential). It’s potential energy ​per unit charge.
If you open the bottom of the pipe, the water will drop out with the conversion of PE to KE.

You look at a certain part of pipe and ask how much water is flowing per unit time. It is
analogous to current. Current is charge per unit time (Q/t). How much charge flowing past a
point in a circuit in a unit of time.

The idea of resistance is that something could keep that charge from flowing at an arbitrarily
high rate. Narrowing of a pipe for example is analogous to resistance.

Review half open vs closed Pipes

Electric Circuit:

- --
+ ------
Voltage: ​Let’s say the battery has a voltage of 16V, that means that the electrons if given a path
from the ​negative terminal to the positive terminal​ would have a potential energy of 16
Joules per coulomb

An open circuit is analogous to a closed pipe in that the electrons cannot flow. Close the circuit
and the electrons will flow.

A straight line means no resistance. It’s the ziggy zag line that denotes a schema as having

resistance.
If the resistance is 8 ohms, the current is 2 which means you’ll have 2 coloumbs worth of
electrons flowing per second
A coulomb is 6.24 *10^18 electrons per coulomb. In an electron, there is 1.602*10^-19
coulombs

Caveat: the direction of the current we use is opposite the direction of the electrons. The
electrons go from (-) to (+) but current is from (+) to (-)
Current can be carried by positive or negative charge

Resistors in series

The higher the voltage, the more the electrons want to get to the opposite terminal.
The current is constant everywhere across the wire (for in series)
Total Resistance is RTotal=R1+R2+R3. So to find I in series, add resistances and divide by
voltage.

Parallel:

I: Current going into branch is equal to current leaving branch so the parallel split up I between
them.
V: Voltage is the same everywhere across the wire

Since V is always the same, then their Rs are what make them different.

R: To find total R, 1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2

After finding R, you simply need to multiply I by Rt to get V. So if you’re trying to find total, first
step is always to find total R.

What about v from blue point to blue point

Note: Resistance cannot be increased by increasing voltage (R=V/I) because increasing voltage
will increase current.