CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter describes the research finding and discussion. Research finding

described in this research obtained from preliminary study that consists of result of

interview, In addition, research finding present the implementation of action that

consist of two cycle where each cycle consists of planning, acting. Observing and

reflecting.

A. Findings

1. Result of preliminary study

Result of interview the researcher was interview the English teacher at

MA Nurul Islam Dasan Baru on Monday. 9 September 2019. The researcher

asked the teacher some question about problem of students speaking in class,

English teacher state that Students have some problem in speaking in class,

first students has minimal vocabulary that make them difficult to say

something in class. second, lack of confident, students afraid to make mistake

that make them unconfident, third most of students are used their first

language that make the fluency still need repair.

2. Implementation of action
 The implementation of action consists of four meeting in each two

meeting researcher and teacher did the test meanwhile the process of this

research consists of four steps and the result of each steps used to show the

development of their speaking, namely:

a. Meeting One

1) Planning

In this step, the researcher is preparing the lesson plan,

interactional material, and the instrument. The researcher made the

lesson plan as the tools to manage the class base on the lesson plan.

Preparing the instructional and instrument are used to support the

learning when using the problem solving technique.

2) Implementing

Base on the lesson plan in cycle I the researcher as the teacher

was teaching by using the problem solving technique and this first

meeting was conducted on March, 3rd 2020.

In first meeting researcher opened the class and asked the

captain to lead the prayer then check the attendance of students. After

that, researcher given the students ice breaking before given the
 material, than researcher introduced and explained the problem solving

technique.

Next, researcher explained the material about using of which

and whose. After the students understood researcher divided students

in to four groups than each group try to discuss the question that given

by researcher, after they discussed researcher asked a student's of each

group come forward to explain and tell their friend the answer and the

explanation.

3) Observing of meeting one

Observing in meeting one, English teacher as the observer

observe the activities of teacher and students base on the list of teacher

and students activity while giving the scoring.

4) Reflecting of meeting one

Base on the observation in meeting one student still need more

understanding about problem solving technique in order to be more

active in class.

b. Meeting Two

1) Planning of meeting two

 The researcher is preparing the lesson plan, interactional

material, and the instrument. The researcher made the lesson plan as

the tools to manage the class base on the lesson plan. Preparing the

instructional and instrument are used to support the learning when

using the problem solving technique.

2) Implementing of meeting two

Meeting two was conducted March, 5 2020 researcher

continued the lesson about whom and whose, after researcher

explained the lesson, researcher divided students in two for group than

given each group the wrong statement than they tried to complete in to

correct sentence, after discussed, a students in each group come

forward to explained the correct answers.

3) Observing of meeting two

After this meeting on 8" March 2020 the speaking test was

conducted, the instrument of test was performed in front of the class in

group to make long conversation with their friends that was done to

measure the students improve in speaking by using problem solving

technique.
 a) Students score

The result of the test can be seen following the table:

Table 4.1
Result of cycle 1

Speaking Skill Presentation Skill Score

No Name
F VM G P I T P SC MTU C OT Conversion

1 AH 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 57

2 AM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 57

3 AA 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 81

4 BARA 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 42

5 DNA 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 84

6 E 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 42

7 F 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 84

8 F 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 42

9 HW 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 86

10 H 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 73

11 IF 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 57

12 DK 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 60

13 NA 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 42

14 SR 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 42

15 SA 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 100

16 UK 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 86

17 YE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 89
18 YI 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 81

19 ZK 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 92

Total

Note:

F : fluency

VM : Vocabulary mastery

G : Grammar

P : Pronunciation

I : Interaction (listens and responds)

T : Task Accomplishments

P : Presentation

SC : Self Confident

MTU : Mother tongue use

T : Task was completed

OT : Task on time

Base on the table, the individual and mean score of

students speaking can be concluded:

 Students score:

Students score average

From the calculation above the mean score of students

speaking in cycle 1 are 61,6 it means the students score was not fulfill

the passing grade where the initial P mean percentage, F is frequency

of students who passing grade in cycle and N is the number of students

in twelve grade of MA Nurul Islam Dasan Baru. T tie percentage of

students speaking can be concluded as follow:

 Base on the calculation above, the researcher found 10

students or 52% got 70 or more and the 9 students got less than 70.

Its means the result of cycle I was not fulfill the criteria of success.

b) Teacher's worksheet in cycle 1

Table 4.2

Score
NO Activities
1 2 3 4
1 Informing them of interactional
related to the material that will √
be given.
2 Instruct students to discuss with
their group after teacher divide
√
in to some group

3 Teacher ask students to find the

√
problem and try to solve it
4 Teacher come to every group to
√
facilitate the discussion
5 Teacher ask students to convey
√
the problem that has been solve
 6 Teacher ask the other students
√
to give feedback
7 Teacher give the feedback and
make the conclusion with √
students

Total Score 17

Percentage 60.7%

Category Good

The observation sheet above shown that the result of

teacher activities still have to be improve from the table have

shown that each teacher activities in meeting one and two got

average 2, it means teacher good in teaching.

c) Students' worksheet

Table 4.3

Students' worksheet
 Score
NO Activities
1 2 3 4
1 Activities Students pay
attention to the teacher when
√
teacher informing the objective
of interactional.
2 Being active in following the
√
discussion with their group.
3 Students active to ask their own
group about the problem and √
try to solve the problem.
4 Students ask to the teacher
about what they don't √
understand.
5 Student’s delivery the result of
problem that they have been √
solves.
6 The other students give
√
feedback.
7 Students and Teacher make the
√
conclusion.

Total Score 18

Percentage 64.2%

Category Good
 From the observation sheet above have shown that the result of

students' activities have to be improve because the students got

average is 2, it means students good perform in their class.

4) Reflecting

After the result of test and observation were known, the

reflecting was done by English teacher and researcher. However, the

result of test was known that the mean of score of students was 61, 6

or the success percentage of students was 52% or 10 students from 19

students got 70 or more means the score could not fulfill the criteria of

success while the result of observation was found that not all students

want to speak in front of their friends and the researcher had not been

able to managed the class.

Based on the result, there were some factor that can he caused

namely; first, from the result of meeting one and two, students still not

confident to speak in front of their friends because they would afraid

to make mistake and the second students' pronunciation still low

because of seldom to practice speak English.

However, the promote action in next meeting will need to

solve the problem above that were found in meeting one and two, In
 next meeting, researcher will change the topic and choose the

appropriate topic that would be able to make students more active than

before.

c. Meeting Three

1) Planning

In this step, the researcher is preparing the lesson plan,

interactional material, and the instrument. The researcher made the

lesson plan as the tools to manage the class base on the lesson plan.

Preparing the instructional and instrument are used to support the

learning when using the problem solving technique.

2) Implementation of meeting three

The meeting was conducted on 10 March, 2020. The researcher

opened the class by reciting salam and asked students to pray together

before began the class, then researcher was given ice breaking to

check focusing of students and after that, researcher explained the

material "past tense" then asked students to made the story with their

friends directly. After the students understood the topic, researcher

divided students into four groups and giving them exercise to change

the word in to past tense with their group using the problem solving

technique. Then, a student of each group comes forward to explain

their work.
 3) Observing of meeting three

In this meeting the observation scoring improves than the

previous meeting.

4) Reflecting

In this meeting the scoring of students was better than previous

meeting but still need the improvement in the next meeting.

d. Meeting four

1) Planning

In this step, the researcher is preparing the lesson plan,

interactional material, and the instrument. The researcher made the

lesson plan as the tools to manage the class base on the lesson plan.

Preparing the instructional and instrument are used to support the

learning when using the problem solving technique.

2) Implementing

The fourth meeting was conducted on 12 March 2020.

Researcher opened the class and continues the lesson about past

continuous tense, as like in first meeting researcher divided in to four

groups then giving the students exercise after they understood the

material. Then, researcher asked them discus their work with their

friends.
 3) Observing

In this session, the researcher combine the result of observation

sheet of teacher and test and the result found most of students active

during learning and teaching process. Based on the result of

observation, students more active than previous cycle and the result of

test was indicate that students got score from their performance in the

test meeting.

The test was conducted on 15 March 2020, the test was used

telling story using past and continuous tense in front of their friend.

a) Students Score The result of test was showed as follow:

Table. 4.4

Result of cycle 2

Speaking Skill Presentation Skill Score

No Name
F VM G P I T P SC MTU C OT Conversion

1 AH 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 65

2 AM 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 82

3 AA 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 77

4 BARA 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 97

5 DNA 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 95

6 E 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 90

7 F 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 95

8 F 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 92
9 HW 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 62

10 H 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 62

11 IF 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 92

12 DK 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 100

13 NA 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 100

14 SR 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 87

15 SA 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 100

16 UK 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 100

17 YE 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 65

18 YI 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 3 3 67

19 ZK 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 100

Total 1536

Note:

F : fluency

VM : Vocabulary mastery

G : Grammar

P : Pronunciation

I : Interaction (listens and responds)

T : Task Accomplishments

P : Presentation
 SC : Self Confident

MTU : Mother tongue use

T : Task was completed

OT : Task on time

Based on the table of result of cycle 2 above, researcher got the

mean score of students as follows:

From the calculation above, the mean score of students in cycle

2 were 80, 8 and the students success percentage can be

concluding:
 The researcher found from the 19 students 14 students got

70 or more in cycle 2 or in the percentage around 73, 6 % its

means around 4 five students got les of 70 or under passing grade

and it was indicate the cycle 2 was successful.

b) Teachers' worksheet

Table 4.5

Score
NO Activities
1 2 3 4
1 Informing them of interactional
related to the material that will √
be given.
2 Instruct students to discuss with
their group after teacher divide √
in to some group
3 Teacher ask students to find the
√
problem and try to solve it
4 Teacher come to every group to
√
facilitate the discussion
5 Teacher ask students to convey
√
the problem that has been solve
6 Teacher ask the other students
√
to give feedback
7 Teacher give the feedback and
make the conclusion with √
students

Total Score 20
 Percentage 71,4 %

Category Good

From the result of observation sheet above students got

average is 71, 4 %, it means teacher do all the list of teacher

activity in good.

c) Students' worksheet

Table 4.5

Score
NO Activities
1 2 3 4
1 Activities Students pay
attention to the teacher when
√
teacher informing the objective
of interactional.
2 Being active in following the
√
discussion with their group.
3 Students active to ask their own
group about the problem and √
try to solve the problem.
4 Students ask to the teacher
√
about what they don't
 understand.
5 Student’s delivery the result of
problem that they have been √
solves.
6 The other students give
√
feedback.
7 Students and Teacher make the
√
conclusion.

Total Score 21

Percentage 75 %

Category Excellent

From the observation sheet above students were more

active in class; it means students' have improved their speaking

and their speaking during learning in cycle 2.

4) Reflecting
 After the result of observation and test were known, researcher

and English teacher were done reflecting and base on the result of

observation students were more active than previous cycle, then the

result of test showed 73, 6% students got under 70 or the mean score

was 80, 8 it means the score in the cycle 2 was passing grade and

successful. It was because of students were more active than previous

cycle and also the guidance of English teacher made students

confident to speak in front of their friends.

3. The implementation of problem solving technique in promoting students

speaking skill

a. Designing the lesson plan

The researcher formulated the lesson plan base on the problem of

students' knowledge or problem that students faced in learning English.

After designing the lesson plan, researcher and English teacher designed

also the material, instrument, and instructional.

b. Forming the seat arrangement

The researcher arranged the students' seat to ease the group discussing

in learning and teaching process because researcher managed the group

discussion in implement the problem solving technique.

c. Conducting writing activity

1) Pre teaching activity

 Before began the class, researcher greet students and asked

students to pray together, than researcher introduce herself before

check the attendance of students while call their name one by one

using English in order to ease identify the students and familiar with

English in learning and teaching process.

2) Pre speaking activity

In this activity, researcher explained the topic in this case

researcher explain the topic that still didn't understand by students.

Then, researcher explained the problem solving technique and

implement into group discussion after discussion each of group

explained and speak up the result of discussion with their group in

front of their friends.

3) Whilst speaking activity

After researcher explained the material about the use of "which

and whose" while invite to speak during the explanations. Researcher

prepared the group to implement the technique and give students the

wrong sentence and they tried to find the correct sentence.

In whilst speaking activity, students discuss with their group,

the researcher monitor the activity whether students active or not

during the discussion. The last, students retell the result of problem

that their solve base on the material that given by students.

4) Post speaking activity

 In this activity, researcher gave the evaluation and feedback for

students in order students more active and appreciates what the

students do in class.

4. The improvement of students speaking skill

The result of improvement students speaking using the problem

solving technique make students active meeting by meeting and also students

feel confident to speak in front of their friends it can be seen when the

discussion, presentation and retell the result of discussion, then the

improvement can be seen following the table of cycle I and cycle 2 result:

Table 4.7

Result of Cycle 1 & Cycle 2

Score
No Name Cycle
Cycle 1
2
1 AH 57 65

2 AM 57 82

3 AA 81 77

4 BARA 42 97

5 DNA 84 95

6 E 42 90

7 F 84 95

8 F 42 92
 9 HW 86 62

10 H 73 62

11 IF 57 92

12 DK 60 100

13 NA 42 100

14 SR 42 87

15 SA 100 100

16 UK 86 100

17 YE 89 65

18 YI 81 67

19 ZK 92 100

Total score 1171 1536

Mean score 61,6 80,8

Maximum score 100 100

Minimum score 42 62

Passing Grade (KKM) 70 70

The table showed that the percentage of the students in promoting

speaking skill had promoted from 52% in cycle 1 to 73% in cycle 2. Then, the

researcher was stopped because of the score has got success criteria. Based on

finding showed that the use of problem solving technique could promote the

students speaking skill.

B. Discussion

This research was conducted to find the promoting students' speaking skill

by using the problem solving technique.

In meeting one student still need explanation from the teacher it could see

from low students' participation. Meanwhile in the next meeting students start to

enjoy the technique during in teaching and learning process until conducted the

test and the result still needed the improvement. Therefore, for the next meeting

teacher still do the same things but the result of teacher and Students activity was

show the improvement until meeting four, students decrease their problem in

speaking.

However, Problem solving technique is the alternative way to promote

students' speaking skill. It was supported by Orlich at a! Said that the problem

solving framework is the concept of experience that the effort of students that

they will be better to function the experience that will articulate the content and

the process of knowing. However, Nenti on her research has proven to that the

problem solving technique can improve the students speaking skill difference

from this research that focused on the solving the students problem in speaking by

implemented the problem solving technique.

 Finally. The research showed that problem solving technique was effective

or could be used in teaching speaking. It could be seen from the students' score of

result of cycle I was better than the students' score of cycle 2.

BAB V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

From the previous chapter, researcher could conclude that students learned

to promote their speaking skill through using problems solving technique. The

improvement could show from the students' improvement at each meeting for two

cycles.

In the first cycle, students got the explanation about problem solving

technique and students are applied the problem solving technique. it make

students have something to say and discuss with their friends than decrease their

mother tongue but still needed the improvement because students still lack of

confident. In the second cycle students were brave to speak in front of their friend

and active in discussion.

 It also could see from the teacher and students worksheet that shown the

significant improvement where the percentage of each cycle was increase from

the good category into excellent category

Finally, the percentage of student's success during learning using problem

solving technique. It showed from the percentage of cycle 2 was 73% compare

with the first cycle was 52%. These result could fulfill the criteria success, it

means the use of problem solving technique could promote the students speaking

skill at MA Nurul Islam Dasan Baru

B. Suggestion

Based on the result, some suggestion was purposed for following people,

they are:

1. For English Teacher

Based on this research, problem solving technique proved that could

promote students speaking skill; it is recommended for English, teacher to

apply the problem solving technique as the alternatives to teach students

speaking.

2. For students

After doing this technique during the research, students have more

active in class, because of that it is recommended for students to apply this

technique to make improvement in their speaking.

3. For the other Researcher

For the other researcher, the problem solving technique is

recommended to improve students speaking using the real problem in their

around, because would be ease to analyze for students.