SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Oral Communication in
Context

QUARTER 2
(Week 1)
Module 1: Types of Communicative Strategy

Image credit: alburychurch.org.au

Senior High School

Division of Bohol
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

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Oral Communication in Context – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 (Week 1) – Module 1: Types of Communicative Strategy
First Edition 2020

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Published by the Department of Education -Division of Bohol (for classroom use):

Development Team of the Module

Writer/s: Charserlyn C. Lamanilao, Ph.D

Editor: Khem N. Alvarez
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Technical Working Group (TWG):Judith S. Real
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Department of Education – Division of Bohol
Office Address: ______________________________________
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Oral Communication in
Context
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Types of Communicative Strategy
(Week 1)

This learning material was conspired and materialized by the

selected senior high school teachers of Bohol Division who are
teaching the subject and reviewed by the Technical Working Group
(TWG) from the department and quality assured by the division. We
fortify all teachers who are experts in this field and other education
stakeholder to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations
to this module.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Division of Bohol

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

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 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
Communication plays an essential role in our daily lives since everyone is
connected with different communication activities. Being able to communicate
effectively is considered as the most significant of all life skills. Many people believe
that the importance of communication is like the need of breathing. Without a doubt,
communication accelerates the spread of knowledge and forms relationship between
people. This knowledge provides a valuable foundation and a starting point from
which you can build the understanding and practice the skills necessary to become an
effective communicator. What’s more, it is all the more necessary to learn the art of
effective communication to put across ones point well.

This module intends to focus on identifying and classifying communicative

strategies for conversation to become equally comprehensible and negotiable. This
lesson is contained with varied activities which enhance the learners understanding of
the types of communicative strategy. Aside from that, the activities in this module
allow learners to negotiate meaning through the utilization of communication
strategies and employ them in different situations.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Types of Communicative Strategy- Week 1 (EN11/12OC-IIab-21)

GENERAL INSTRUCTION

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving the To facilitate and ensure the

objectives of this module, do the
following:
1. Read and follow instructions
carefully.
2. Answer the pretest before going
through the lessons.
3. Take note and record points for
clarification.
4. Do the activities and fully
understand each lesson.
5. Answer the self-check to monitor
what you learned in each lesson.
6. Answer the posttest after you
have gone over all the lessons.
7. If you encounter any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to ask assistance
from your teacher.
8. Make sure to return the
modules. Use another sheet of
paper for your answer or use the
answer sheets provided.
9. Do not write anything on this
module.
students’ learning from this
module, you are encouraged to do
the following:
1. Clearly communicate learning
competencies and objectives
2.Motivate through applications
and connections to real life.
3. Give applications of the theory
4. Discuss worked-out examples
5. Give time for hands-on unguided
classroom work and discovery
6. Use formative assessment to give
feedback
7.Introduce extensions or
generalizations of concepts
8. Engage in reflection questions
9.Encourage analysis through
higher order thinking prompts
10. Provide alternative formats for
student work

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 Lesson
1 Types of Communicative
(Week 1) Strategy
People communicate every day to establish and maintain relationships, know
and understand themselves, and find meaning in the daily grind. Moreover, since
humans are social beings who survive more effectively through sensible discourses,
they are always driven to learn the skills of creating and sustaining meaningful
conversations. Successful communication requires understanding of the relationship
between words and sentences and the speech acts they represent. However, a
conversation may be complex at times; that is why some people get lost along the way
and misunderstand each other. It is only when we willingly cooperate and speak in
socially approved ways that we can make a conversation meaningful.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Learning Objectives:

1. Distinguish various types of communicative strategies;

2. Evaluate the effect of the communicative strategy applied; and
3. Use various communicative strategies in different situation

WHAT I KNOW
Pretest

Directions: Let’s see if you have an idea about the lesson before we discuss. Below are
types of communicative strategies, all you have to do is to arrange the jumbled letters
to form the word as referred to by the accompanying description. On a separate sheet
of paper, answer the questions that follow. (7 points)
1.TRUN-GNKIAT- someone’s need to speak when it is his/her turn.
2.NOITCIRTSER-any limitation you may have as a speaker.

3.COTIP-LOCONRT- asking relevant questions and giving appropriate

responses.
4.COTIP-TINGSHIF- a new topic after a thorough interaction of the other topic.

5.MONIANIOTN- uses statistics and valid facts

6.PRAIRE- sends comprehensive details and information

7.NOITTERIMAN- signal an end to a conversation.

WHAT’S IN
Recapitulation

In the previous lesson you have learned that speech acts include concrete life
interactions that require the appropriate use of language within a given culture.
Communicative competence is essential for a speaker to be able to use and
understand speech acts.

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 WHAT ’S NEW

Directions: Fix the communication barriers in the given situations below by providing
strategies to address it. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Activity 1.1 “FIX IT” (10 points)

Situations:
1. In a meeting, the presiding officers would like to convince the group on the
importance of a certain mandate but the group seems too passive about it.
2. Pedro and Juan have significant information to share and they both want to
share their concern ahead of the other.
3. In a conference, several agenda have to be taken up and they are given only 2
hours to discuss all those.
4. Juanita and Mario argue about a certain concern brought up in the meeting,
their leader wanted to help.
5. You meet your long lost friend in a restaurant, you both have a good time but
it’s getting late.

WHAT IS IT
Discussion

Communicative strategy is defined in different ways:

1. CSs are strategies that a speaker uses to solve the communication
problems, which are caused by the lack of appropriate forms in the mental-
lexical. The speaker compensates either by going to the conceptual stage or
by trying out alternative linguistic formulations. – Poulisse (1989)
2. CS is a systematic attempt by the learner to express meaning by a target
language in which the suitable systematic target language rules have not
been formed. – Cohen (2004)
3. CSs are techniques of dealing with difficulties in communicating in an
imperfectly known second or foreign language. – Stern (1983)
4. CS is a systematic technique employed by a speaker to express his own idea
when faced with some difficulties. – Corder (1978)

Types of Communicative Strategy

Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen(1990)
states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation. Knowing
and applying grammar appropriately is one of the most basic strategies to maintain a
conversation. The following are some strategies that people use when
communicating:
1. Nomination uses statistics and valid facts to present important and relevant ideas.
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a
topic. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the
people you are talking to.
When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not arise from a
previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries and news announcements as
they promise extended talk. Most importantly, keep the conversational environment
open for opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and initiates a smooth end.
This could efficiently signal the beginning of a new topic in the conversation.

2. Restriction constrains or restricts the Response of the other person involved in

the Communication Situation.
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting, or while hanging out
with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow.
These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

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 For example, in your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm
on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. In these cases, you cannot
decide to talk about something else. On the other hand, conversing with your friends
during ordinary days can be far more casual than these examples. Just the same,
remember to always be on point and avoid sideswiping from the topic during the
conversation to avoid communication breakdown.

3. Turn-taking acknowledges the necessity of observing the fine art of conversation by

recognizing someone’s need to speak when it is his/her turns.
Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because others take
much time during the conversation. Turn-taking pertains to the process by which
people decide who takes the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind
establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give
all communicators a chance to speak.
Remember to keep your words relevant and reasonably short enough to express
your views or feelings. Try to be polite even if you are trying to take the floor from
another speaker. Do not hog the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the
other party air out their own ideas. To acknowledge others, you may employ visual
signals like a nod, a look, or a step back, and you could accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to say something?”

4. Topic Control acknowledges the need of keeping the conversation active by asking
relevant questions and giving appropriate responses.
Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the
development of topic in conversations. For example, in meetings, you may only have
a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so. Contrast this with a
casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the
conversational floor anytime.
Remember that regardless of the formality of the context, topic control is
achieved cooperatively. This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should be
collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. You
can make yourself actively involved in the conversation without overly dominating it
by using minimal responses like “Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on”; asking tag questions to
clarify information briefly like “You are excited, aren’t you?”, “It was unexpected,
wasn’t it?”; and even by laughing!

5. Topic Shifting sends comprehensive details and information regarding the topic to
address a certain communication breakdown.
Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another.
In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another
begins.
When shifting from one topic to another, you have to be very intuitive. Make
sure that the previous topic was nurtured enough to generate adequate views. You
may also use effective conversational transitions to indicate a shift like “By the way,”
“In addition to what you said,” “Which reminds me of,” and the like.

6. Repair introduces a new topic after a thorough interaction of the other topic.
Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. For example, if
everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and
appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic.
Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction (Schegloff et al,
1977). If there is a problem in understanding the conversation, speakers will always
try to address and correct it. Although this is the case, always seek to initiate the
repair.

7. Termination is used to signal an end to a conversation.

Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions
that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes
responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well.
Although not all topics may have clear ends, try to signal the end of the topic

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 through concluding cues. You can do this by sharing what you learned from the
conversation. Aside from this, soliciting agreement from the other participants
usually completes the discussion of the topic meaningfully.

WHAT’S MORE
Enrichment

WHAT
WHAT YOUYOU WILL
WILL DO DO

Activity 1.2 IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Identify and check the word/s in the word pool below on what
communicative strategy is referred to. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (10
points)

Nomination Turn-Taking Repair

Topic Shifting Topic Control
Termination Restriction

1.“Do you have anything to say?”

2. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the
importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”
3. “Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can clearly
understand what we want to say about the issue.”
4. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first before I say something.”
5. “Have you heard the news about the latest achievement of our
government?”
6. “Hey, how are you? I missed you!”
7. “Best regards to your parents! See you around!”
8. “Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because I want to personally
offer apologies for what I did yesterday.”
9. “Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. I am still focused on my writing
assignment. Let’s talk next time, okay?”
10. “Now, it’s your turn to ask questions.”

Activity 1.3 MY FAVORITE SCENES

Directions: Think of three scenes from your favorite movie or TV show where various
communicative strategies were employed in one conversation. Recall the scenes and
evaluate the effect of the communicative strategy applied to the conversation and to
the characters. (12 points)
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper using the format below.

Movie
(Scene and Communicative Effect on the Effect on the
Context; Strategy Applied conversation characters
Characters)

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 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Generalization

Directions: Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper. (2 points each)
1. Communicative strategies are important in communication
because_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________ ____________________________________________________________.

2. Communicative strategies give you a systematic technique in sharing and

transmitting ideas or information effectively through _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

WHAT I CAN DO
Application

Directions: Prepare a script for a simple conversation or an interview on the following

topics. Make sure to use some of the communicative strategies mentioned in the
discussion. Label the part or line in the script where it uses communicative strategies.
(20 points)
1. How to bake a carrot cake.
2. How to keep yourself Covid-19 free.
3. How to plan for an outing despite Covid-19 pandemic.
4. How to apply for a position in a certain company.

Note: Choose only one among the given topics.

ASSESSMENT
Posttest

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer. (10
points)
1. It refers to a plan to achieve communication objectives. This may apply to internal
communications, marketing communications and public relations. A communication
strategy has four major components: communication goals, target audience,
communication plan and channels.
a. communicative competence c. communicative strategy
b. linguistic strategy d. strategic competence
2. Speaker carries to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. Basically,
when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking
to
a. nomination b. restriction c. repair d. topic control
3.Suggests adding questions or adding details about the topic
a. nomination b. restriction c. repair d. topic control

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4. Constrains the response within a set of categories.
a. nomination b. restriction c. repair d. topic control
5. Recognizes when and how to speak because it's one's turn.
a. termination b. turn-taking c. topic shifting d. repair
6.Uses verbal and non-verbal signals to end the conversation.
a. termination b. turn-taking c. topic shifting d. repair
7. Introduces a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic.
a. termination b. turn-taking c. topic shifting d. repair
8.Refers to how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening,
comprehending what they may encounter in a conversation.
a. nomination b. restriction c. repair d. topic control
9. Which of the following is an example of restriction?
a. "What did you like about today's activity?"
b. "How were you able to bring the cat out?"
c. Class report on a certain topic, and you are the presenter.
d. "Speaking of summer, do you even feel how hot it is outside?"
10. Which of the following is an example of repair?
a. "Yup, got it. I'll meet you there, bye!"
b. "I'm sorry, could you repeat your question please? I didn't hear it quite clearly.
Thanks"
c. "We need to work together for this project. William, you're good in making good
visuals, yes? Are you interested to do it for us? "
d. "Please hear me out, i need to tell you something"

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

WHAT YOU WILL DO

Hone your ability to recognize types of communicative strategy by checking the

exercises found on the following websites:

a. It’s More Fun in the Philippines (Department of Tourism)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADNgEHFDYzo

b. Philippines: Beautiful People, Beautiful Country (BBC Documentary, 2014)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdyDWqnf99Q

REFERENCES:

Angelina Lourdes Hermosa, Mark Ryan R. Hernandez, ShielaVergara. Oral

Communication for Senior High School.Quezon City: Educational Resources
Corporation. 2016

Philippe John Fresnillo, Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. Oral Communication in Context for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016.

--------------- End of Module 1 --------------

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 Score
ANSWER SHEET

Student’s Name: __________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Address: __________________________________________________ Gr. & Section: __________

WHAT I KNOW
Pretest (5 pts.)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

WHAT’S NEW

1.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_
3.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_
4.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
5.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_

WHAT’S MORE
Enrichment

WHAT YOU WILL DO

WHAT YOU WILL DO

Activity 1.3 IDENTIFICATION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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Activity 1.4.MY FAVORITE SCENES

Movie
(Scene and Communicative Effect on the Effect on the
Context; Strategy Applied conversation characters
Characters)

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Generalization

Directions: Complete the sentence stem below.

1. Communicative strategies are important in communication because ______________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

2. Communicative strategies give you a systematic technique in sharing and

transmitting ideas or information effectively through _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

WHAT I CAN DO
Application

Directions: Prepare a script for a simple conversation or an interview on the following

topics. Make sure to use some of the communicative strategies mentioned in the
discussion. Label the part or line in the script where it uses communicative strategies.
(20 points)
1. How to bake a carrot cake.
2. How to keep yourself Covid-19 free.
3. How to plan for an outing despite Covid-19 pandemic.
4. How to apply for a position in a certain company.

Note: Choose only one among the given topics.

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 ASSESSMENT
Posttest

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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 KEY ANSWER

WHAT I KNOW
Pretest (5 pts.)

1. Turn-taking
2. Restriction
3. Topic- Control
4. Topic-Shifting
5. Nomination
6. Repair
7. Termination

WHAT’S NEW

1. The presiding officer can discuss about the advantages of a the certain mandate or
ask the members why they are hesitant about the said mandate.
2. Either Pedro or Juan should ask the other to speak first.
3. Topic Control should be done; each agenda should be assigned a number of
minutes to be tackled.
4. The leader should serve as the moderator and let the two take turns in talking.
5. You should hint at your friend about the time, or say goodbye first and say you
have many things to do.

WHAT’S MORE
Enrichment

Activity 1.3 IDENTIFICATION

1. Turn-taking
2. Termination
3. Repair
4. Turn-taking
5. Nomination
6. Nomination
7. Termination
8. Repair
9. Termination
10. Turn-taking

Activity 1.4.MY FAVORITE SCENE

(Sample Answer)

Movie
Communicative
(Scene and Effect on the Effect on the
Strategy
Context; conversation characters
Applied
Characters)
When Cinderella Nomination The Prince They became
arrived in the palace, admired friends and
she roamed around the
garden and suddenly Cinderella comfortable
the Prince came out talking with each
and saw her. The other.
Prince approached
Cinderella and asked
something on her and
started their
conversation.

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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Generalization

1. Communicative strategies are important in communication because it solves the

communication problems.
2. Communicative strategies give you a systematic technique in sharing and
transmitting ideas or information effectively through expressing your own ideas when
faced with some difficulties to be able to maintain the conversation.

WHAT I CAN DO
Application

Students answers may vary.

(Sample Answer only)

Job Interview

Personnel Manager: Hi Mark! Thanks for coming today. I’m Linda Smith. Nice to
meet you. --- NOMINATION

Candidate: Hello I’m Mark Turner. Nice to meet you too.

Personnel Manager: Have you read the information about this job?

Candidate: Yes, it sounds very interesting.

Personnel Manager: What did you study?

Candidate: I studied marketing at Sorbonne University.

Personnel Manager: Can you tell me about your present job? --- RESTRICTION

Candidate: I work in sales and I’ve managed teams and projects. I also have a
lot of contact with customers.

Personnel Manager: How long have you been in sales?

Candidate: I work in sales for four years.

Personnel Manager: What do you do in your free time, Mark?

Candidate: I play golf and go swimming.

Personnel Manager: And finally, why do you want this job?

Candidate: I really want to work in marketing. This a great opportunity for my

career and I think I have the right skills for the job.

Personnel Manager: Thank you Mark. It’s been good talking to you. Thanks for
coming to the interview. --- TERMINATION

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 ASSESSMENT
Posttest

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. B

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