ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that gives a

summary of each of the entries. The purpose of annotations is to provide the
reader with a summary and an evaluation of each source. Each summary should
be a concise exposition of the source's central ideas and give the reader a
general idea of the source's content

DEFINITION

 An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and

documents.

 An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that gives a summary of

each of the entries.

 An annotated bibliography is a list of sources on a particular topic.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Full bibliographic citation : An annotated bibliography must contain the

necessary and complete bibliographical information i.e. (author, title,
publisher and date, etc)
 Author’s Background: You should provide the name, authority,
experience, or qualifications of the author.
 Purpose of the work: You should provide the reasons why the author
wrote the work
 Scope of the work: You should state the breadth or depth of coverage
and topics or sub-topics covered.
 Main argument: State the main informative points of the paper
 Audience: For whom was it written (general public, subject specialists,
and student?
 Methodology: What methodology and research methods did the work
employ?
 Viewpoint: What is the author’s perspective or approach (school of
thought, etc?) Do you detect an unacknowledged bias, or find any
undefended assumptions?
 Sources: Does the author cite other sources, and if so, what types is? It
based on the author’s own research? Is it personal opinion?
 Reliability of the source: How reliable is the work?
 Conclusion: What does the author conclude about the work? Is the
conclusion justified by the work?
 Features: Any significant extras, e.g. visual aids (charts, maps, etc.),
reprints of source documents, an annotated bibliography?
 Strengths and Weaknesses: What are the strengths and weaknesses of
the work?
 Comparison: How does the source relate to other works done by other
writers on the topic: does it agree or disagree with another author or a
particular school of thought; are there other works which would support or
dispute it?
 Your Voice / Personal Conclusion: Provide your point of view of the
work or your reaction to the source based on other available works, prior
knowledge of the subject matter or knowledge pools done by other
researchers.

TYPES OF ANNOTATIONS

Annotations may be written with different goals in mind. There are three types
of annotations, depending on what might be most important for your reader or
according to your professor’s instructions. It is impossible to describe a standard
procedure for all types of annotations because one annotation does not fit all
purposes. In order to know the best type of annotation, it is prudent to consult
your instructor or follow the instructions

The three types of annotated bibliographies are; summary annotations, critical

annotations and a combination of the former two.
 Summary annotations
Summary annotations are further classified into informative and
indicative annotations.
The following are the main features of summary annotations:

 They show a summary of the source content

 They highlight the arguments and proofs/evidence mentioned in the work
 They sometimes describe the author’s methodology and any theories used
 They offer the conclusion of the source
 They do not evaluate the work they are discussing

 Informative Annotations
This type of annotation is a summary of the source. An
informative annotation should include the thesis of the work, arguments or
hypothesis, proofs and a conclusion.
Informative annotations provide a straight summary of the source material.
They summarise all relevant information about the author and the main points
of the work.
To write an informative annotation, begin by writing the thesis; then develop it
with the argument or hypothesis, list the proofs, and state the conclusion.

 Indicative annotated bibliographies

Indicative annotations do not provide actual information from the
source.
They provide overall information about what kinds of questions or issues are
addressed by the work, for example, through chapter titles.
In the indicative entry, there is no attempt to give actual data such as
hypotheses, proofs, etc.

 Evaluative annotations
This type of annotation assesses the source's strengths and
weaknesses, in terms of usefulness and quality.
Evaluative annotated bibliographies do more than just summarising, they
provide critical appraisals.
They evaluate the source or author critically to find any biases, lack of
evidence, objectives, etc.
They show how the work may or may not be useful for a particular field of
study or audience.
They explain how researching this material assisted your own project.
  Combination annotations
Most annotated bibliographies contain combination annotations.
This type of annotation will summarize or describe the topic, and then evaluate
the source's usefulness and a summary. Usually also includes a detailed analysis
on the reason the article was written.

PURPOSE OF AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Depending on the specific assignment, an annotated bibliography might:
 Review the literature of a particular subject;
 demonstrate the quality and depth of reading that you have done;
 Exemplify the scope of sources available—such as journals, books, web
sites and magazine articles;
 Highlight sources that may be of interest to other readers and researchers;
 Explore and organize sources for further research.

FORMATES OF ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Annotated bibliographies contain two main sections; the bibliographic

information section and the annotations section.
Since the formats may slightly vary from one institution to another and amongst
scholars and researchers depending on the regulations, courses and materials
being annotated, it is imperative to ask for specific guidelines.

 The bibliographic information

The bibliographic information is written before the annotation using the suitable
referencing style. The information is normally indented using a hanging indent.
Generally, though, the bibliographic information of the source (the title, author,
publisher, date, etc.) is written in either MLA or APA format.

 The annotations
The annotations for each source are written in paragraph form.
The lengths of the annotations can vary significantly from a couple of sentences
to a couple of pages.
The length of the annotation should be between 100 to 200 words.
When writing summaries of sources, the annotations may not be very long.
However, when writing an extensive analysis of each source, more space may
be needed.
A few sentences of general summary followed by several sentences of how you
can fit the work into your larger paper or project can serve you well when you
go to draft
CONCLUSION

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and

documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (approximately 150-word)
descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the
annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the
sources cited.
An annotated bibliography provides a brief account of the available research on
a given topic. It is a list of research sources that includes concise descriptions
and evaluations of each source.
The annotation usually contains a brief summary of content and a short analysis
or evaluation. Depending on your assignment you may be asked to reflect,
summarise, critique, evaluate or analyse the source.
An annotated bibliography may be a component of a larger project or it may be
a stand-alone assignment. While an annotation can be as brief as one sentence,
the standard annotated bibliography consists of a citation followed by a short
paragraph. An example is provided below.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Retrieved From www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/tutorial

Retrieved From www.wikiomni.com/pages/Annotated_bibliography

Retrieved From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annotated_bibliography

Retrieved at 2017,oct,10.From https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Annotated-

Bibliography

Retrieved at 2017,May,25.From https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bibliography

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Basheer, S.P(2015),TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION. Bangalore,

India: EMMESS Medical Publishers, first edition. Page no.115 and 116,168-
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Manivannan, S.D.(2016), NURSING EDUCATION AND QUALITY

ASSURANCE IN NURSING COLLEGES. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers
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