Guía 3 GRADO 10 Writing Skills

REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN NACIONAL

INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA TÉCNICA “JORGE ELIÉCER GAITÁN AYALA”
LÍBANO - TOLIMA
REGISTRO EDUCATIVO No. 14111179 REGISTRO DANE No. 173411001000 NIT: No. 890703306-5
Reconocimiento oficial de estudios, mediante Resolución No. 7062 de noviembre 18 de 2017,
Emanada de la Secretaría Educación y Cultura del Departamento del Tolima División Control de Calidad.
LEARNING GUIDE (GUÍA DE TRABAJO) No. 3 Writing Skills (Habilidades de escritura)
GRADE: 10º
TEACHER: Luis Felipe Forero Morales SUBJECT: ENGLISH
STRUCTURE STAGE (Etapa De Estructuración)

What is an abstract?
An abstract is a self-contained, short, and powerful statement that describes a larger work.
Components vary according to discipline. An abstract of a social science or scientific work may
contain the scope, purpose, results, and contents of the work. An abstract of a humanities work
may contain the thesis, background, and conclusion of the larger work. An abstract is not a
review, nor does it evaluate the work being abstracted. While it contains key words found in the
larger work, the abstract is an original document rather than an excerpted passage.
Why write an abstract?
You may write an abstract for various reasons. The two most important are selection and
indexing. Abstracts allow readers who may be interested in a longer work to quickly decide
whether it is worth their time to read it. Also, many online databases use abstracts to index
larger works. Therefore, abstracts should contain keywords and phrases that allow for easy
searching.
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Types of abstracts
There are two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. They have different aims, so as a
consequence they have different components and styles. There is also a third type called
critical, but it is rarely used. If you are unsure which type of abstract you should write, ask your
instructor (if the abstract is for a class) or read other abstracts in your field or in the journal
where you are submitting your article.
Descriptive abstracts
A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes no judgments
about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the research. It does incorporate
key words found in the text and may include the purpose, methods, and scope of the research.
Essentially, the descriptive abstract describes the work being abstracted. Some people consider
it an outline of the work, rather than a summary. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short—
100 words or less.
Informative abstracts
The majority of abstracts are informative. While they still do not critique or evaluate a work, they
do more than describe it. A good informative abstract acts as a surrogate for the work itself.
That is, the writer presents and explains all the main arguments and the important results and
evidence in the complete article/paper/book. An informative abstract includes the information
that can be found in a descriptive abstract (purpose, methods, scope) but also includes the
results and conclusions of the research and the recommendations of the author. The length
varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is rarely more than 10% of the length
of the entire work. In the case of a longer work, it may be much less.
How do I write an abstract?
The format of your abstract will depend on the work being abstracted. An abstract of a scientific
research paper will contain elements not found in an abstract of a literature article, and vice
versa. However, all abstracts share several mandatory components, and there are also some
optional parts that you can decide to include or not. When preparing to draft your abstract, keep
the following key process elements in mind:
 Reason for writing: What is the importance of the research? Why would a reader be
interested in the larger work?
 Problem: What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the scope of the
project? What is the main argument/thesis/claim?
 Methodology: An abstract of a scientific work may include specific models or
approaches used in the larger study. Other abstracts may describe the types of evidence used
in the research.

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 Results: Again, an abstract of a scientific work may include specific data that indicates
the results of the project. Other abstracts may discuss the findings in a more general way.
 Implications: What changes should be implemented as a result of the findings of the
work? How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the topic?
FIND KEY WORDS IN READINGS

Keywords are the words that carry specific information.
Which words can be your keywords?
 Nouns and Verbs

 Names (places, scientists, people and more included in the passage)
 Locations (towns, cities, states, countries…)
 Dates and Years
 Numbers or Figures
 Capitalized or Italicized words/phrases

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TRANSFER AND PRACTICE STAGE (Etapa de transferencia y
práctica) Look at the following abstract of a scientific research project.
Activity 1: Make a list of the new vocabulary you find during the following readings. Then, look
for their meanings and write them on your notebook or guide.
Activity 2: This activity will be taken into account by the Physics Education teacher.
Read and translate the following reading about habits that promote wellness. Then, answer
the comprehension question and write a short abstract in English (less than 100 words) and
include a short list of key words. (send a copy of this activity to teacher German Clavijo)
Healthy Habits That Promote Wellness

As humans, we develop habits that we follow throughout life. These habits save us time and
mental energy, allowing us to perform many actions without using concentrated thought. While
many of the typical person's habits are healthy, most of us also develop a number of unhealthy
habits over time. Conscious effort is necessary to adopt a new habit or change an unhealthy
habit to a more beneficial one.
A Nutritious Diet
One of the most important healthy habits is to follow a nutritious diet each day. Eat a medium-
sized breakfast, followed by a light lunch and dinner. Snack on whole grains, fat-free dairy
products, nuts, seeds and fresh fruits and vegetables. Drink plenty of water and avoid sodas
and foods high in cholesterol, saturated fats and sugars. Avoid eating large portions, and eat
only when you are hungry, never because you are bored, emotionally taxed or stressed. A
regular, nutritious diet is important to your physical health.

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Adequate Sleep
Many doctors recommend maintaining the same sleep schedule seven days a week in order to
keep the body accustomed to a routine. Sleep in a dark room without distractions such as music
or other noise. If you regularly have difficulty falling or staying asleep, ask your physician about
other ways to relax before bedtime.
Regular Exercise
The human body requires regular exercise for health, but many people fail to adopt good
exercise habits. Regular exercise can help prevent chronic diseases, such as high blood
pressure.
Stress Management
When life gets hectic, many individuals fail to develop healthy stress management habits.
Talking and laughing with friends, watching a movie, taking a nature walk, reading a book or
playing a game can all help reduce stress levels.
1. Which of the following is NOT a healthy habit? a) Regular exercise

b) Adequate
sleep c) Smoking
d) Playing with friends
2. According to doctors, we should sleep in a

a) Dark room
b) Noisy room
c) A room in which music is being played
d) Doesn’t matter
3. Which of the following is an Unhealthy habit? a) Working hard

b) Managing your
stress c) Drinking soda
d) Eating clean food
4. Which of the following helps us in reducing stress? a) Talking to friends about the situation
b) Watching a movie with loved
ones c) Reading books or playing
games d) All of the above
Activity 3: Translate the following reading, answer the comprehension questions and try to
write a short abstract about the Coronavirus reading taking into account the given
recommendations about how to write an abstract. Include a short list of key words.

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What are coronaviruses?
Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. They are a group of viruses that cause diseases
in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that are
typically mild, such as the common cold.
The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona, meaning crown or halo. The name
refers to the characteristic appearance of the infective form of the virus, which is reminiscent of
a crown or a solar corona.
The new coronavirus
At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This type of
coronavirus is often called 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. It is believed that the
virus was transmitted from animals to humans. Some of the first cases were diagnosed in
people who had visited a market selling live seafood and animals. Unfortunately, when viruses
are transmitted from animals to people, it can take scientists a lot of time before they can
develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.
The symptoms of the new coronavirus
Some of the symptoms of the coronavirus are fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, headache,
and trouble breathing. These symptoms are very much like those people have with a cold or the
flu. The virus can be more serious in some people, especially if they are sick or have health
problems.
While it is early to have a definite picture of the disease because scientists are still collecting the
data, some patterns have already emerged. Some early reports reveal that children seem to be
getting coronavirus at much lower rates than adults. Even if they get infected, the symptoms are
milder. However, most people who get severely infected are those with a weak immune system,
like the elderly. Coronavirus may be life-threatening for these people. They may develop more
serious respiratory tract illnesses that may be fatal.
How does coronavirus spread?
The virus appears to spread mainly from person to person. The transmission occurs when
someone comes into contact with an infected person. For example, a cough, sneeze or
handshake could cause transmission. The spread may also be caused by coming into contact
with something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.
Treatment
There is no specific vaccine or medication to cure the disease, but generally, symptoms will go
away on their own. However, experts recommend seeking medical care early if symptoms feel
worse than a standard cold. Doctors can relieve symptoms by prescribing pain or fever
medication. As far as antibiotics are concerned, they are useless to treat coronavirus.

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People who think they may have been exposed to the virus should contact their healthcare
provider immediately. A set of preventive measures are usually followed in case someone gets
infected. This includes keeping infected people in quarantine for a certain period, generally
fourteen days.
How to protect yourself from coronavirus?
To protect yourself from the virus, here are six recommendations to follow:
 Avoid contact with people who are already infected.

 Wash your hands well and regularly for at least 20 seconds with soap and water or use
hand sanitizer.
 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth if you haven't washed your hands.
 Clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that people touch a lot.
 Stay home when you are sick.
 Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.
Activity 4: Look for the reading “Las guerras, causas y consecuencias” in the Social Sciences
guide.
a) Read the text and write in English an abstract of the reading in less than 120 words.
(send this activity to the English teacher)
b) Write the translation of your abstract in Spanish. (Send this activity to the Social
Sciences teacher).
Activity 5: Write an abstract with at least 150- 200 words about the project you are
going to do in the Spanish guide. Include some key words.
ASSESSSMENT STAGE (Etapa de valoración)
Send the activities of this learning guide to the following e-mail

luis.forerom@sedtolima.edu.co or WhatsApp 3186834665. El envío de las actividades de la
guía se realizará al correo electrónico luis.forerom@sedtolima.edu.co o al WhatsApp
3186834665. En caso tal, que no cuenten con el recurso de Internet para enviarlas, me lo
hacen saber para poder llegar a acuerdos en las entregas. Éxitos en el desarrollo de sus
deberes académicos.


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REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA

MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN NACIONAL

STRUCTURE STAGE (Etapa De Estructuración)

Why write an abstract?

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

How do I write an abstract?

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

FIND KEY WORDS IN READINGS

Which words can be your keywords?

 Nouns and Verbs

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

Healthy Habits That Promote Wellness

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

1. Which of the following is NOT a healthy habit? a) Regular exercise

2. According to doctors, we should sleep in a

3. Which of the following is an Unhealthy habit? a) Working hard

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

The new coronavirus

The symptoms of the new coronavirus

How does coronavirus spread?

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

How to protect yourself from coronavirus?

 Avoid contact with people who are already infected.

ASSESSSMENT STAGE (Etapa de valoración)

Send the activities of this learning guide to the following e-mail

Teléfono: 2564013 Pagina Web: www.jegalibano.com E-mail: jegalibano@gmail.com

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