Aglam N Tmeslayt N at Sɛid

Tasdawit Ɛebderreḥman Mira n Bgayet
Tamezdayt n tsekliwin d tutlayin

Tasga n tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt
Tazrawt n Master
Taɣult n trakalt tamutlayt
Asentel
Taznatit
Aglam n tmeslayt n At Sɛid
Sɣur : S lmendad n Mass :

ARAB Hammou HAMEK Brahim
Aseggas Asdawan 2015-2016

Abuddu
Ad buddeɣ tazrawt-inu i :
Ba d yemma ad sen-yeszeggat Rebbi g wussan-nsen, ad ten-yejj Rebbi ɣa-

neɣ.
Yayetma : Soufi, Mouhmed, Elarbie, Ahmed, Abdellah, d uletma Aicha
mebla wa tettuɣ tisednan n ayetma Saliḥa d Fatima.
Lqum-inu gaɛ-nsen; id tatti d id ɛemmi d gaɛ win yeffɣen sis-sen, ladɣa
taqbilt n At Ɛrab.
Lqum n At Sɛid d gaɛ tamuḥt n Gurara.
Yimdukal-inu gaɛ-nsen d gaɛ wi yi-yessnan.
Yinid i yexsen tutlayt-nsen tayemmat tamaziɣt, d tameslayt-nsen taznatit.
Yinelmaden d yiselmaden n tesga n tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt n Bgayet.
Asnemmer
Ad as-nini talemmiḥt tameqqant i Mass HAMEK Brahim i d-yellan s

lmendad i tezrawt-tu.
Talemmiḥt i yiselmaden gaɛ n tmaziɣt i neɣ-d-yuccen, d niwwi-d fell-asen

tamussni segmi nutef ɣa tesdawit almiɛad i nuṣal-d ɣa dadi uswir-wu n Master.
Talemmiḥt i yemdukal-inu gaɛ, d cra win i neɣ-d-yuccen afus n leɛwin

bac ad yali leqdic-wu.
Talemmiḥt i yinelmaden d yiselmaden n tesga n tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt

n tesdawit n Bgayet.
Isegzal d yizmal i nemmud g tezrawt
Isegzal
MD : amedya
GT : ger tamawt
Atg : ar taggara
Ml : amalay
Nt : unti
Ud : udem
Izamulen
Ø : wa telli c
[ ] : tira tamsislant
/ / : tira tasnislant
I. Tazwert tamatut ............................................................................................ 10
II. Aḥric n tesnarrayt

1. Asissen d ufran n usentel .......................................................................... 15
2. Iswi n leqdic .............................................................................................. 15
3. Asissen n wammud
3.1. Ammud........................................................................................................................ 15
3.2. Asissen n temnaḍt ................................................................................................... 16
3.3. Asissen n yimsulɣa................................................................................................. 17
4. Tarrayt n tesleḍt ........................................................................................ 18
III. Aḥric n temsiselt

1. Tamsiselt tagsusrant.................................................................................. 20
1.1. Anagraw aniɣri................................................................................... 20
1.2. Tizegniɣra .......................................................................................... 22
1.3. Anagraw n tergalin............................................................................. 22
1.3.1. Iggaɣen / Izenzaɣen .............................................................. 23
1.3.2. Tisussamin / Timeɣriyin ....................................................... 23
1.3.3. Tigɣanculwiɣin ..................................................................... 23
1.3.4. Tuffayin................................................................................. 24
1.3.5. Tigɣanzaɣin ........................................................................... 25
2. Tamsiselt tuddist ....................................................................................... 25
2.1. Tamsertit jajj n wawal........................................................................ 26
2.1.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat ................................................................... 26
2.1.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa ............................................................... 26
2.2. Tamsertit g wuddus ............................................................................ 27
5
2.2.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat ................................................................... 27
2.2.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa ................................................................. 27
3. Anagraw asnimeslan ................................................................................. 29
3.1. Anadi f yimesla i ɣa-sen yella azal n yimeslicen ............................... 29
3.2. Tafluyt n yimesla................................................................................ 31
Taggrayt .............................................................................................................. 31
IV. Aḥric n tesnalɣa

Ixef ameẓwa: Isem d urbib
1. Tasnalɣa n yisem ...................................................................................... 35
1.1. Ticraḍ tigejdanin .................................................................................................... 35
1.1.1 Tawsit .............................................................................................................. 35
1.1.1.1. Ismawen i yellan tawsit...................................................... 36

1.1.1.2. Ismawen n yikket tewsit..................................................... 38
1.1.2. Amḍan ....................................................................................... 39
1.1.2.1. Timlilit n teɣra................................................................... 40
1.1.2.2. Tahrayt .............................................................................. 40
1.1.3. Addad ....................................................................................... 42
a) Ismawen ibeddun s « a »................................................... 42
b) Ismawen ibeddun s « u » .................................................. 42
c) Ismawen ibeddun s « i ».................................................... 43
d) Ismawen ibeddun s « ta ».................................................. 43
e) Ismawen ibeddun s « ti » .................................................. 43
1.2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin ............................................................................. 44

1.2.1. Isem n tigawt d yisem n tɣara ............................................ 47
1.2.2. Isem n umeskar.................................................................... 47
1.2.3. Isem n wallal ...................................................................... 47
1.3. Ticraḍ timazzayin ............................................................................... 48
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2. Arbib ameskan ...................................................................................... 49
a) Arbib ameskan n tiẓin ................................................................ 50
b) Arbib ameskan n waggug ........................................................... 50
c) Arbib ameskan n ubder ............................................................... 50
d) Arbib ameskan n tiḍent ............................................................... 51
Ixef wis sen: Imqimen

1. Imqimen udmawanen ................................................................. 53
1.1. Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen ...................................... 53
1.2. Imqimen udmawanen iwṣilen ........................................ 54
1.2.1. Imqimen udmawanen iwṣilen n yisem ............. 55
1.2.2. Imqimen udmawanen iwṣilen n tenzeɣt ........... 56
2. Imqimen irudmawanen .............................................................. 57
2.1. Amqim ameskan ............................................................ 57
2.2. Amqim arbadu .............................................................. 58
2.3. Amqim amattar .............................................................. 59
2.4. Amqim amassaɣ ............................................................ 59
Ixef wis caɛed: Amyag

1. Tasnalɣa n umyag ................................................................................ 62
1. Ticraḍ tigejdanin ........................................................................ 63
1.1. Amatar udmawan ..................................................................... 65
1.1.1. Talɣa tudmawant......................................................... 65
a) Amyag n tigawt ...................................................... 65
b) Amyag n tɣara ........................................................ 67
1.1.2. Talɣa tarudmawant ..................................................... 69
a) Anaḍ ....................................................................... 69
b) Amatar n umaɣun .................................................. 70
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1.2. Askim n tmeẓra ....................................................................... 71
1.2.1. Timeẓra n umyag g yimizri......................................... 71
1.2.2. Timeẓra n umyag g yimizri ibaw ................................ 72
1.2.3. Timeẓra n umyag g urmir ........................................... 72
1.2.4. Timeẓra n umyag g urmir ussid .................................. 73
2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin ................................................................................. 74

2.1. Aswaɣ....................................................................................... 74
2.2. Attwaɣ ...................................................................................... 75
2.3. Amyaɣ ...................................................................................... 76
3. Ticraḍ timazzayin .................................................................................. 77

3.1. Imqimen iwṣilen n umyag ........................................................ 77
3.1.1. Ɣa umeẓwa n umyag................................................... 77
a) Imqimen iwṣilen usriden ....................................... 78
b) Imqimen iwṣilen irusriden ..................................... 78
3.1.2. Ɣa uneggaru n umyag ................................................. 79
3.2. Tizelɣiwin ................................................................................ 79
a) Ɣa umeẓwa ............................................................. 80
b) Ɣa uneggaru ........................................................... 80
Ixef wis ukuẓ: Iwuranen

1. Iwuranen ............................................................................................... 83
1.1. Iwuranen isumranem................................................................ 83
1.1.1. Imezdayen ................................................................. 83
1.1.2. Imsugal........................................................................ 83
1.2. Iwuranen war isumranen.......................................................... 84
1.2.1. Tinzaɣ ........................................................................ 84
1.2.2. Iwuranen irulmisen ..................................................... 86
8
a) Imerna n wadeg ...................................................... 86
b) Imerna n wakud ..................................................... 87
c) Imerna n tilawt ....................................................... 87
d) Imerna n tibawt ...................................................... 88
e) Imerna n usurdu neɣ ccek ....................................... 88
V. Taggrayt tamatut.......................................................................................... 90
VI. Ammuɣ n yidlisen ....................................................................................... 94
VII. Tijentaḍ
VIII. Ammud .................................................................................................... 97
9
Tazwert tamatut
Tazwert tamatut
Nezma ad nini tutlayt n tmaziɣt tuɛwaṣ tazayt s yikket tama; tazayt
taneṣlit tettarew-d tineqlin, cad tanqelt tezma dax tatt ad neɣ-tucc tineqlin-ines,
ayen wawal-wu nenna-t-id bac ad d-nini dax tatt tamaziɣt ayed tutlayt taneṣlit s
yis-s i d-fffɣent iksiḍnint tantaliwin (tacawit, taqbaylit, taznatit, tumẓabit,
tacelḥit, atg.) g cad tantala seg tentaliwin-tinunt ad t-id-naf la tẓun f waṭas n
tmeslayin, necnin g tezrawt-nneɣ nemmud-it f tmeslayt n At Sɛid i yellan ayed
tameslayt seg tmeslayin n tantala taznatit i yessawalen imezdaɣ n Gurara.
Ameẓwa g mezruy i yessudan taznatit ayed Iben xaldun lwaqt i yẓun

Imaziɣen n Tefriqt Ugafa f sent taggayin; Ṣenhaja d Znata, yenna-d fell-asen:
Ṣenhaja baḥdi-dsen yettaf “ BERANES ”, netnin ayed ini-d i yeɛman g
ɣamawen wa tbeddilen ci amkan neɣ wadeg i ɛemmun d-es. miggu ayed Znata
yenna-d fell-asen : baḥdi-dsen yettaf “BUTR ”, netnin wa ɛemmun c g yiggen
wadeg axaṭer tuydeḥt-nsen tbedd f wulli amkan i d-es ufen aman d useklaf ad d-
es qqimen, s yini lant cra n tqebbal ṭfant g ayen yisem-wu Znata dewlent tinint i
tmeslayt-nsen taznatit. Ad d-naf daxta André Basset yemmud tizrawin tussnanin
f Znata, g tasut tis 19, mani i yeggig tantaliwin n teznatit am ccɣel ayed tutlayt
iman-nens fɣen-tt-d seg tutlayt taznatit, mani yemmud tasleḍt f tantaliwin
tiznatiyin, ɛlaḥsab André Basset taznatit ayed tutlayt s yiman-nens tẓun f
tantaliwin acku yemmud idlisen isemma-yasen; (taznatit n clef, taznatit n twat d
Gurara, taznatit n wargla, atg). Ihi ameẓwa i yemmuden tazrawt tussnant f
teznatit n Gurara ayed André Basset g useggas n 1887. S wammu At Gurar tinin
i yemma-nsen necni ayed Znata nessawal taznatit.
G tezrawt-nneɣ ad nemmud tasleḍt f tmeslayt n At Sɛid i yellan g tantala

taznatit i ti-sawalen At Gurara. Leqdic-nneɣ ad d-yattef g tussna n tesnilest gi
taɣult n tesnantala, mani i ɣa ngigg aglam n tmeslayt-tu, g uswir n tesnalɣa.
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Tazwert tamatut
Macca neẓwa uqbel s uswir n temsiselt bac ad d-nessawed ad d-nessen tulmisin i

yellan gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid bac ad fell-aneɣ tefsis tesleḍt n talɣa.
Iswi agejdan i nettqel-as s deffa n usentel-wu ayed aglam n talɣiwin i

yellant g tantala taznatit g uswir n tesnalɣa, d ussuffeɣ n tulmisin d yittewlen n
tmeslayt-tu, d asili n tantala taznatit d ussuffeɣ-ns seg tuydeḥt i tella d-es
(timawit) ɣa taɣult n tussna d usebbasu.
Nemmud tazrawt-nneɣ s teznatit bac aɣref aznati ad yessen belli tantala-

ns wa teggi ci tin tidaḥt d seqqaq berk, maca tezma ulad ad d-tilli ayed tin tiɣri d
usebbasu ussnan. Seg iswan-niḍnin n tezrawt-tu bac ad tilli ayed tnast i ɣa
naɛẓem tafluyt i yinid i ɣa ylemden neɣ la xsen ad lemden tamaziɣt (taznatit)
ama ayed inelmaden n tesdawit ama iy iselmaden g uselmed.
Wa lint c aṭas n tezrawin i yettwaggent f tantala taznatit. Nufu berk leqdic

i yemmud André Basset g useggas n 1887 ≪ Zenata du Touat et Gourara ≫, d
leqdic n tsastant g wannar i ngigg g seggas n 2013-2014, s lmendad n ARAB
Hammou, Atoui Lakhdar, Belacel Merzouk, Bitam Younes.
Miggu tizrawin n uglam i yettwaggent f usentel-wu g tantaliwin-niḍnint

ad d-nelqa ktant lant ḥawel ad nessuda si-sent:
 Rabehi allaoua, 1995, Description du parler d’Aokas Ait Mhend, (Bejaia,
Algérie) Morphosyntaxe.
 Aissou Oardia, 2007, Etude comparative de deux parlers d‘Algérie
dialecte Kabyle (parler d‘Aokas et parler d‘Irjen).
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Tazwert tamatut
1. Tamukrist
Bac d naweḍ ɣa yiswi-neɣ yuwi-d fell-aneɣ ad d-nel f tmukrist-tu:
Tawyen ittewlan d tulmisin n yimyagen, yismawen d iwranen n tantala taznatit s
tama n talɣa, d manek i yettili usuddes n tayunin g tmeslayt n At Sɛid ?
2. Turda
Yezma ad d-naf talɣiwin n tayunin n umawal d tjerrumt g tantala taznatit
wa mxalafent ci ḥawel f tinid n tmaziɣt, maca ad d-naf d-sen tulmisin-nes i t-
isufraren f tantaliwin-nniḍen.
Bac ad nezma ad nal f tmukrist-tu neḍfer tarrayt n uglam n tmeslayt axaṭer

s waglam i nezma ad d-nẓa tulmisin d yittewlan i tufrar d-sen tameslayt-tu.
Nẓun tazrawt-neɣ f sen yiḥricen, aḥric ameẓwa yus-d f uswir n temsiselt,
aḥric wis sen yus-d f uswir n tesnalɣa, mani i t-nẓun f ukuẓ n yixfawen: ixef n
yisem, ixef n umqin, ixef n umyag d yixef n yiwuranen.
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Aḥric n tesnarrayt
Iferdisen n tesnarrayt
1. Asissen d ufran n usentel

Tazrawt-tu i ɣa nexdem ayed tin i ɣa nattef gi taɣult n tesnilest, tussna n
tesnatala, ayed aglam n talɣa n tayunin n umawal d tjerrumt, g tantala taznatit
tameslayt n At Sɛid.
Afran n usentel-wu wa d-yusi c ɣir amuya, yus-d s waday n ḥawel n
tmental ad ninni si-sen :
 Tamisiwt-neɣ (lexṣaṣ) mi wa nenni tuqqa n leqdicat i yella f tantala-tu
ladɣa tameslayt n At Sɛid.
 Aɛenni n leqdicat i yellan g tesnilest n tutlayt tamaziɣt.
 Necni neɛma g tamnaḍt n At Sɛid, ayen i neɣ-yejjan ad d-nfan usentel-wu
d ad d-neglem tameslayt-tu.
2. Iswi n leqdic
Cad taɣewsa g tuydeḥt-tu yella ɣa-s iswi neɣ iswan i yettwag fell-asen, ihi
dax-tatt tazrawt-neɣ mi la nexs ad t-ngigg llan ɣa-s iswan i la texs ad taweḍ ɣa-
sen, ad d-nessebdar iswan-inun :
 ad d-neɛred ad d-nesken tulmisin n yikket tmeslayt n tantala
taznatit, ayed tameslayt n At Sɛid i yellan g tamnaḍt n Gurara.
 la nexs ad naweḍ ɣa usegzi n talɣiwin i yellan gi tmeslayt At Sɛid.
 la nexs ad naweḍ ɣa talɣa n tayunin (isem, amyag, amqim, awuran.)
manek i mudent d manek i tettili talɣa-nsen gi tmeslayt-tu.
3. Ammud
3.1. Ammud
Ammud-neɣ ayed win iẓunen f sen yisental ameẓwa yessawal f Ifli, wis
sen yessawal-d f Twiza, asental ameẓwa “ifli 1” ayed win i t-id- nuwi f
umsuleɣ-neɣ, ma d asentel wis sen “ifli 2” d “twiza” nuwi-ten-d seg udlis “
15
TEXTES ZENETES DU GOURARA ” i yemmud BELLIL Rachid g useggas n

2006, mani i yemmud g udlis-wu agraw n yiḍrisen id ten-yiwi seg wannar
ixedmasen tasuqilt ɣa tutlayt tafransist. Nuwid iḍrisen-ninu acku ayed idrisen i
d- yegmar seg wannar n At Sɛid d Gurara.
Ifli
Ayed alall n uṣuṣel d taẓunt n waman i yellan gi temnaḍt n Gurara, ayed
agraw n tanutin i yellant ttwaɣzunt g cal bac ad awḍen ɣa waman i yellan s
waday n ucal, tanutin-tinunt yella jar-asent wassaɣ s nfudat i yessawaḍen aman
jar-asent, yettili-d uzluleɣ neɣ agesri i yettɛawanen aman bac ad d-fɣen waman s
ujenna n tmuḥt (ɣusru), s yin ad atfen ɣa tqeṣrit, i d-es ɣa tilli taẓunt n waman jar
ifellaḥen I yemmuden twiza g ayen yefli.
Twiza
Ayed ikket tɣewsa i yettwasnen ɣa imaziɣen gaɛ, gi temnaḍt n Gurara
twiza ayed tin i yellan g cad lḥajet, tsaka, takehza, afrag, aseḍebḍeb, atg., g lfarḥ
d lqarḥ, twiza ayed mi tella cra n lxedmat ad tɛiḍed i bidden ad assen ad k-uccen
fus n lemɛawna. D cek daɣ-cek ahecca miggu yella ɣa-s ci ad traḥed ad teɛwend,
ayed tu i s-tnin twiza.
3.2. Asissen n temnaḍt 1

At Sɛid ayed ikket tɣiwant seg tɣiwanin i yeṭṭafaren waɣir n Timimun
lwilaya n Adrar, tella ayed taɣiwant seg uẓun amnemhal n useggas n 1989.
Tiḍaḥt n tɣiwant ayed tin yellan g At Sɛid, taɣiwant-tu ayed tin i d-es yellan azal
n 8219 n bidden g useggas n 2008, d tin yesɛan azal n 650 Km².
Bidden i d-es ɛman ẓunen f iɣamawen iksen iɣamawen ssawalen taɛrabt

ayed Laxnafsa, am Lḥaj gelman, yummad, yeɣzer, babayedda. Llan iksiḍnin
1 Uwyeɣ-d issalen-inun seg tɣiwant n At Sɛid.
16
iɣamawen sawalen taznatit d ayed mani ig tella taɣiwant ayed znata am At

Ɛebdelli, At harun, At bamussa, Buddara, Aɣam n cix, Aɣam n tazat, Aɣam n
hzuf, Iguzulen, Ilazun, Kali, Aɣlad. Iɣamawen-ninu ẓunen f tɣiwant n At Sɛid
Tilisa n tɣiwant n At Sɛid llan yid ukuẓ n tɣiwanin, seg tijji ad d-naf
taɣiwant n Qṣer qeddur d tɣiwant n At ɛissa, seg lqeblet d minej ad naf taɣiwant
n Timimun, seg tazat ad naf taɣiwant n tin neḥkuk.
At Sɛid ayed tin yellan g liqlim n Gurara, acku tamnaḍt n Adrar ttwaẓun f
caɛed n laqalim; “ iqlim Gurara, iqlim Twat, d iqlim Tidekkelt ”, tamnaḍt-tu n
Gurara ayed tin yezgan gi tnezruft n tmuḥt n Dzayer.
Tamuḥt-tu ayed tin i yettwassnen s yinijiwen i d-yettasen sag amkan imi

llan ɣa-s imukan n uḥwas d uɣimi, d ttwasen daɣ s tfellaḥt d tkehza imi amkan-
wu ayed win i d-es llan waman d yiflan, d cal-ns yeṣbaḥ i tkehza ayed
imekkahz.
3.3. Asissen n umsulɣu

Ammud-nneɣ ibedd f iggen umsulɣu. Nesɛa dax tta ammud-niden i d-niwi
seg udlis.
Tanekwa : Ljuzi
Isem: lḥaj mḥemmed
Leɛmer: 80 n yiseggasen
Tuzzuft: ayed awtem
Leqdic : ayed afellaḥ d ukiyyel n waman
Taɣuri: iɣra deg zawiya
17
4. Tarrayt n tesleḍt
Tarrayt n teṣleḍt i netbaɛ g tazrawt-neɣ ayed tarrayt n uglam mani i t-id-
nẓun f sen yiḥricen :
Aḥric ameẓwa : ayed win tamsiselt, mani i t-nẓun f sen, g meẓwa nsiwel-d
f tamsiselt tagsusrant; nemmeslay-d f unagraw n tiɣra, izgeniɣra, d
unagraw n tergalin i yellan gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid, s yini nsiwel-d daɣ f
tamsiselt tuddist; mani i d-nemmeslay f tamsertit jajj n wawal d temsertit
barra n wawal.
Aḥric wis sen : ayed aḥric n tesnalɣa, mani i t-id-nẓun f ukuẓ n yixfawen,
ixef ameẓwa neglam-d d-es talɣa n yisem d ticraḍ-ns (ticraḍ tigejdanin,
ticraḍ tisuddimin, ticraḍ timazzayin.), ixef wis sen neglam-d talɣiwin n
yimqimen i yellan ama d (imqimen udmawanen, imqimen irudmawanen) i
yellan gi tmeslayt-tu, ixef wis caɛed neglam-d talɣa n umyag d ticraḍ-ns
(ticraḍ tigejdanin, ticraḍ tisuddimin, ticraḍ timazzayin.), ixef wis kuẓ
neglam-d iwuranen i yellan gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid, ama d (iwuranen
isumar, iwuranen warisumar).
Tarrayt i netbaɛ bac ad nessiwaḍ ɣa yiswi-neɣ tella amu, ad nucc tamuɣli-

neɣ s umat f uferdis, umbaɛd ad nawi awal n yimusnawen f uferdis-wu, s yini ad
nucc imedyaten id ɣa nekkes seg wammud.
ɣa uneggaru n cad aḥric nuccu taggrayt f uḥric.
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aAḥric n temsiselt
Tazwert
G uḥric-wu, ad nezrew imeslicen i semrasen gi tmeslayt n Atsɛid, g ayen
yerzan adeg d agama n ususru i yettilin g usagu amsislan, ad neɛni f ayenhad ci
wu ad ngelm d ad neskanayen i nufa d amaynut g temnaḍt-tu.
I. Tamsiselt
Tamsiselt ayed ikket tfurkect seg tfurkac n tesnilest i d-yettawyen f tiɣri n
yimesla n miden bella mi tiwid laxbar iunamek.Tekkes daxetnin imesla, ulad
miggu sexxdamen-iten miden bac ad siwlen (tusut), tettaɣraneɣ tzerraw ulad
imesla i yellan waggi c n biden. F ammu yenna-d B.MALMBERG2 « nettat
tettawid f wuguren mani llan wa gi ci ɣil f imesla n tutlayt i tend ɣa naf ayed
aḥric n tesnilest».
Aḥric-wu n temsiselt iẓun f :
 Tamsiselt tagsusrant.
 Tamsiselt tudust.
1. Tamsiselt tagsusrant
G temsiselt tagssusrant ad neẓẓa anagraw n teɣra d unagraw n tergalin, ad
neẓẓa manek id ɣa nessufeɣ tulmisin n cad anagraw g tantala taznatit gi tmaslayt
n At Sɛid.
1.1. Anagraw n aniɣri

Tiɣra ayed tinid i yettmuden-t aznaz neɣ tijijjit n tqaḥqarin neɣ yinzizen n
taɣuct, wa llint c tiɣra i yella-net ayed tisusamin. g tantala taznatit am nettat am
tantaliwin n tmaziɣt n ugafa, ayed tinid i ylant caɛed n teɣra tigejdanin neɣ tinid
i ɣa-s llan tawuri tinidnin tayed alɣacen bark. f ayen wawal-wu yenna-d A.
2 MALMBERG (B.), 1971 : 05 « Elle s’occupe des problèmes généraux et non seulement des « sons » d’une
langue déterminée, une partie de la linguistique générale. »
20
BERKAI3 : « d kraḍ n teɣra i yellan deg tutlayin akk yettwssnen : i, a d- u Mi

ara nesdakel deg wunuɣ idgan n ugsusru-nsent ad d-naf talɣan ukerdis» yenna
4
daxetta A. BASSET « agraw-wu yesku f temgarda n sant tfesniwin, ikket
tɛama ikiḍedṭ ayed tilemt ».
Tiɣra Imedyaten
[æ] [ædɣaɣ], [tæwiza], [ænfif], [tsakkæ]
[a] [aman], [ganga], [tsakkæ]
[u] [tanut], [uṭṭob], [ɣzun], [tuber]
[o] [tamoḥt], [taxboṭ], [tiɣoni]
[i] [ifli], [ænfif], [iḍman]
[ǝ] [tamǝẓwaḥt], [ixǝs], [æjǝnna]
Azal amsislan n teɣra

[a], [æ] ayed igen n yimeslic i yellan axater wa yelli c lxilaf jer-asen gi twuri,
wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, [æ] yettwanṭaq d uffay mi yili g wawal
manillan ssat-nes iskilen uffayen. Md : [abariḥ], [‫ܖ܉‬æḥ].
[u], [o] : ayed igen n yimeslic i yellan axater wa yelli c lxilaf jer-asen gi twuri,
wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, [o] yettwanṭaq amu mi tella tufayt ssat-
nes neɣ s deffa-nes. Md: [ẓon], [oṭṭo].
[i] : d tiɣri i yellan ɣa-s tawuri-nes, yeɛni ayed imeslic wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
Md : [ikkǝs].
[ǝ]: tiɣri tilemt, agsusru-nes ayed alemmas. tiɣri tarsenslit, tettili bac ad tessifses
agsusru, tettekkes asegrew n uja n sant tergalin, wa terṣi c g wawal.
Md : [dwǝl].
Awennet f tefluyt:
3BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 08.

4
BASSET (A.), 1952 : 07 « Le système de base paraît reposer sur une opposition de deux degrés, le plein et
degré zéro. »
21
Ilmend n tesleḍt i nemmud nufu belli anagraw n teɣra g tantala taznatit yesku f
caɛed n teɣra; a, u, i.
1.2. Tizegniɣra
Tizgeniɣra ayed imesla i yellan jer tiɣra d tergalin. axater g ugsusru-nsent
tizemt n wuzwu wa tuɛẓim manek iylaq i bac ad d-illint ayed tiɣra, wa yehjil
manek i wata bac ad d-illint ayed tirgalin yenna-d A. BERKAI5 «tizegniɣra d
imesla i d-yezgan gar teɣra d tergalin : abrid nuzew ur iserreḥ ara aken iwulem
aken ad ilint d tiɣra, ur yergil ara akken iwata ikken ad ilint d tirgalin», f wamu
miggu ttwagsusrent-d s lǧehd, tilint-d ayed tirgalin, miggu ttwagsusrent-d s
tefses deglant-dayed tiɣra. A. REBHI6 « Nezma ad nini tizegniɣri tinɣit /y/ d
tulwiɣant /w/ ad ten-gigg ayed tirgalin ».
G tantalt taznatit llant sant n tezgeniɣriyin, y, w.
Md : [ifli] / [yifli]
[Ufuɣ] / [wufuɣ]
1.3. Anagraw n tergalin

G unagraw-wu n tergalin ad d-nemmud manek id ɣa neglem tirgalin i yellan
g tantala taznatit, syini ad as-net-nexdem tasleḍt ɛla ḥsab: n tigaɣin/tizenzaɣin,
timsiwlin/tisusamin, tinɣiyin, tufayin.
Tirgalin ayed imesla id d-yettafen uguren g ugsusru-nsent bella tallelt n teɣri
i yellan ɣa ssat neɣ ɣa deffa. A BERKAI7« Targalt daɣen tettmaga s uzwu id d-
tteffɣ seg yidmaren, maca azwu-ya yezga yettmagar-d ugur deg ubrid-is »
5 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 08.

6 RABHI (A.), 1994 : 16 «Les semi-voyelles palatales /y/ et vélaire /w/ sont considérées comme des consonnes. »
7 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 08
22
1.3.1. Iggaɣen/izenzaɣen
G tantalt taznatit azgen ameqqan n tergalin ayed imesla igaɣen, bṣṣaḥ llan
cra n yimesla izenzaɣen am /f/, /s/, /z/, bṣṣaḥ ayed imesla izenzaɣen inaṣliyen
wa d-kkin c seg imesl igaɣen, g leqdic-nneɣ wa d-nettif c imesla izenzaɣen id d-
yekkan seg tergalin tigaɣin, am /b/, /d/, /g/, /k/, /t/, wa ɣa-s llin c izenzaɣen.
F amu tantala taznatit ayed tantala taggaɣt.
1.3.2. Tisusamin/timeɣriyin
Timeɣrit d tsusamt tedwwel ɣa ulwiweḍ n tiqeḥqari-nneɣ (inzizen n taɣuct),
g ugsusru miggu lwiwḍen ad d-ucen tirgalin timeɣriyin, miggu wa lwiwḍen c ad
d-ucen tirgalin tisusamin. A BERKAI 8« Mi ara yili yuɣal ugranzaz, inzizen n
taɣect mlalen, mi ara d-yekk uzwu gar-asen telwiwiḍen ttaken-d taɣect neɣ
taɣrit. Tirgalin i yesɛan taɣect-a qqaren-asent tirgalin timaɣriyin(timaɣrit). Mi
ara yili yeldi ugranzaz, inzizen n taɣect ur mlalen ara, azwu ad d-yekk gar-asen
war ma lwiwḍen,aya ur d-igellu ara s taɣect. Tirgalin yettwagsusrun akka, war
taɣect qqaren-asent tisusamin(tasusamt). »
Gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid, llant d-sent tirgalin timeɣriyin am : /b/, /d/, /r/, /l/, /z/,
/j/, /g/, /y/, /m/, /n/, d llant daxetnint tirgalin tisusamin am: /f/, /s/, /t/, /c/, /k/.
Md: tirgalin tmeɣriyin: /b/ [baɛǝd], [biddǝn]; /d/ [cad], [daddi]; /m/ [tamoḥt],
[mmi]
Md: tirgalin tsusamin: /s/ [sqaq],[sǝn] /f/ [ifli], [fǝɣ] /k/ [akǝb], [tsakka].
1.3.3. Tigɣanculwiɣin
Tiganculwiɣin ayd ambiwel n wanbun lwaqt i ɣa nesgesru targalt, tettban-d
9
am mi yella yettwagsusr-d yid-s [w]. A. BERKAI « tirgalin i yessemlalayen
sin igsusran: yiwen ɣer zdat, d tuffɣa n wancucen, d akernenni-nsen wayeḍ ɣer
deffir, d azar n yiles i yettekkin ɣer wulwiɣ neɣ i yeddemmiren ɣer tankart: [kw]
8 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 18

9 BEKAI (A.), 2015 : 15.
23
[gw] [ɣw] » tennad daxettat G. MOUNIN10 « tiganculwiɣant ayed asegsa n sen

yimesla f ikket tbiket : g igen wakud s wagraw n wanbun d tadewla n yiles ɣa
tqeḥqaḥt »
G tantala taznatit ilmend n unadi i nexddem nufu belli wa llint c tergalin i
ɣa-sent tella tanɣit, f amu nezma ad ninni belli tantala-tu wa ɣa-s yelli c
inɣiyen.
1.3.4. Tuffayin
Tufaytayed mi la nexs ad nessegsusru targalt azwu-wen ad igaw g yimi
11
nessufuɣ-it-id f ikket tikelt yettuc-anneɣ-d tirgalin tufayin. A. BERKAI «D
imesla isemlalen anda taffa n yiles tettarra ɣer tama n deffir n yimi ɣer tenkart
ixef-is yrttarra ɣer tama n zdat n yimi: [ḍ] [ṭ] [ẓ]». B. MALAMBERG12 « Mi la
nexs ad tekk tufayt, agsusru agejdan ad as-naɛni ljehd n usiḥa i yiles ɣa tenkart.»
Uffayen Amedya
[ṣ] [taqǝṣrit], [ṣwarda]
[ẓ] [yǝnqaẓ], [ẓunǝn], [iẓiman]
[ṭ] [tiṭ], [oṭṭub], [ṭæhga]
[ṛ] [takṛumt], [iṛṛaḥ]
[ṃ] [oṃo], [iṃṃud]
[ẉ] [ẉaraḥeɣc]
[ḅ] [ḅæ], [ḅaṛṛa]
[ḷ] [aḷǝm]
10MOUNIN (G.), 1974 : 94 « La réalisation phonique produite au moyen de deux articulations : à la fois par le
rapprochement des deux lèvres (labiale) et l’élevation du dos de la langue vers le voile du palais (dorso-
vélaire). »
11 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 15.
12 MALMBERG (B.), 1993 : 60 « Pour obtenir une pharyngalisée, en plus de l’articulation principale, il y a
poussèe de la racine de la langue dans la région du pharynx. »
24
Awennet f tefluyt
G tasleḍt -nneɣ nufu belli llan g tantala taznatit ḥawel n tergalin tufayin,
seg-sent :ṣ, ẓ, ṭ; ṛ, ṃ, ẉ, ḅ, ḷ. Baṣaḥ g targalin-inun yella mani id nufu tayuga
tadayt, yella mani wa nuffi c tayuga tadayt
Tirgalin i sen-nufu tiyugiwin tadayin:
/s/, /ṣ/: ssuf (sebzeg), ṣṣuf (taḍuṭ)
/z/, /ẓ/: izi (abeɛɛuc), iẓi (yella deg tfekka n umdan)
Tergalin i ygen wasen-d-nuffi c tiyugiwin tidayin: ṭ, ḷ, ṃ, ẉ, ḅ
Ilmend n imedyaten i fell-asen nemmud tasleḍt nufu belli tufayt i yellan g
tirgaliun-ninuayed tufayt tanaslit, wa d-tussic seg tergalin nniḍen.
1.3.5. Tigɣanzaɣin
Tazgenagaɣt ayed agsusru n yeket tergalt s usemlil jer sant n tergalin,
13
ikket ayed taggaɣt, tnideṭ ayed tazenzaɣt. A. BERKAI « Tirgalin-a kkant-d
seg temlilit n tergalin tiggaɣin d tizenzaɣin: (ttbinent-d) beddunt s tergalin
tiggaɣin ttfakkant s tzenzaɣin, d acu tettwagsusrunt ɣef tikkelt, mačči yiwet
deffir tayeḍ:[ts] [dz] [tš] [dž] »
Ilmend n unadi i nexdem g leqdic-nneɣ, nufu belli tameslayt n At Sɛid gi
tantala taznatit wa d-es yelli c tirgalin tizgenagaɣin.
2. Tamsiselt tuddist
G temsiselt tuddist ad nemmud tasleḍt-nneɣ f temsertit.
Tamsertit tettili g ususru miggu mqabaln sen n yimeslicen g wadeg n
ususru mgawen g yigen wuddus, yezma umeẓwa ad yeks wis sen, neɣ wis sen i
ɣa yeks ameẓwa, neɣ ad yefruri igiḍen amaynut. K. NAIT-ZERRAD14 «
tamsertit tettased s unermis jar sen yemcalayen, igen si-sen yettuṭ, wan iḍen ad
13BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 16

14 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 28 «L’assimilation se produit au contact de deux phonèmes. Un des deux
disparaît, l’autre se transforme en général en tendu, parfois avec apparition d’un appendice labio-vélaire. »
25
15
yedwal ayed sen, ci n tbika yetasa aɛenni n tenculwiɣant ». BERKAI « Tella
temsertit mi ara yaẓ yimesli ɣer wayeḍ, deg wadeg neɣ deg uskar n ugsusru,
alamma yunza (yttemcabah) ɣur-s deg kra n yittewlen neɣ ad d-yuɣal maḍi am
netta. Mi ara tilli temsertit ɣef yiri n sin wawalen qqren-as amečči »
Tamsertit tezma ad tilli jajj n wawal neɣ tezma ad tilli g wuddus, daxetta
tezma ad tilli ɣa ssat d tezma daɣ ad tilli ɣa deffa.
Tamsertit tettilli ɛla ḥsab adeg n ugsusru, neɣ tinefkit n tmeɣrit, neɣ
tufayt.
2.1. Tamsertit jajj n wawal

D abedel n tergalt id yettilllin seg tergalt i yellan ttama-nes, bac ad d-
yefsus ugsusru n wawal
2.1.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat (R1+R2=R1)

D anṭṭaḍ n ayen i ɣa-s yellan tergalt i tergalt yellan ssat-nnes. A
BERKAI16« mi ara yesserti yimesli wayeḍ yella zdat-is »
Md : [taxbuṭ] taxbuḍt: d tufayt n tergalt /ḍ/ i ineṭṭḍen ɣa tergalt /t/, tedwal-
dayed targalt tufayt /ṭ /.
2.1.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa (R1+R2=R2)

D anṭṭaḍ n ayen i ɣa-s yellan tergalt i tergalt yellan deffa-nes. A BERKAI
17
« mi ara yesserti yimesli wayeḍ yella deffir-s »
Md : [ælǝm] alɣum: ayed aɣelluy n /ɣ/ i yucen tufayt i /l/.
Md : [ lwǝxt] lwaqt: ayed targalt /t/ tasusamt, i is-ycen tasusmi i tergalt
timeɣrit /q/ tedwal-d ayed targalt tasusamt /x/.
15 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 25

16 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 26.
17 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 25.
26
2.2. Tamsertit g wuddus

Ayed abedel n tergalt id yettillin jer tayunin i yettillin jajj n yigen n
wuddus, yezma ad yilli seg tayunt tameẓwaḥt ɣa tis sant (tamsertit ɣa ssat), neɣ
seg tayunt tis sant ɣa tmeẓwaḥt (tamsert ɣa deffa).
2.2.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat (R1+R2=R1)

ayed anṭṭaḍ n ayen i ɣa-s yellantergalt tannegarut n tayunt tameẓwaḥt i
tergalt tameẓwaḥt n tayunt tis sant. F SADIQI18« ayed d abeddel i yezma ad d-
yilli f yiggen umesli i yella deffa-nnes »
Md: [ ammu am wu ya : targalt /m/ i is-ibeddeln adeg n ugsusru i tergalt /w/
tedwel-d ayed targalt /m/.
2.2.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa (R1+R2=R2)

Ayed anṭṭaḍ n ayen i ɣa-syellan tergalt tameẓwaḥt n tayunt tis sant i
19
tergalt tannegarut n tayunt i yellan ssat-nes. F SADIQI « ayed d abeddel i
yezma ad d-yilli f yiggen umesli i yella ssat-nnes »
Md: [annedwel] ad nedwel : targalt /n/ i is-ibeddeln adeg n ugsusru i tergalt
/d/ tedwel-d ayed targalt /n/.
Md: [yyifli] n yifli : tazgeniɣrit /y/ i is-ibeddeln adeg n ugsusru i tergalt /n/
tedwel-d ayed tazgeniɣrit /y/.
Tamawt
Nufu g tesleḍt n wumud-nneɣ d belli lant iksent targalt tbeddil-net miggu
usen-ted seg ikket tantala n tmaziɣt ɣa tantala taznatit.
1) Targlt /r/ /ḥ/, /h/, /ɛ/, /l/, ∅
Md:
/r/ /ḥ/
18 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 62 « Quant à l’assimilation progressive, elle est le résultat d’un changement partiel ou
total d’un segment sous l’influence d’un autre segment qui le précéde. »
19 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 61 « C’est le résultat d’un changement partiel ou total d’un segment sous l’infuence
d’un autre segment qui le suit immédiatement. »
27
[tamoḥt] (tamurt)
[tameẓwaḥt] (tamezwarut)
/r/ /h/
[taɣehdimt] (tiɣirdemt)
/r/ /ɛ/
[aɛnni] (arnnu)
[caɛḍ] (kraḍ)
/r/ /l/
[ɣil] (ɣir)
[ṣoldi] (sordi)
/r/ ∅
[kka] (ekker)
[igga] (iger)
[naḥ] (iraḥ)
Ilmend n unadi-nneɣ nuf-d /r/ yettuɣal d /ḥ/ mi ara s tezwar /t/ n wunti,
ma d ibeddilen-nniḍen ur neṣaweḍ ara ad d-naf amek i it-beddil.
Nufu daxetta g iksen wawalen g wasuf-nsen ad ibeddal neɣ ad iraḥ imesli
/r/ basaḥ ɣa usget ad yedwal:
[ṣuldi] [ṣwarda]
[tamoḥt] [timora]
[igga] [igran]
2) Targalt /g/ /j/
Md : gar jer
Tagerfa tjaɛfi
3) Targalt /k/ /c/
Md : kra cra
Kem cem
28
Anagraw asnislan
3.1. Anadi f yimeslai i ɣa-sen yella azal n yimeslicen
Ad neggig tasleḍt i unagraw n tergalin bac ad d-nesken tirgalin i ɣa-sent
yella azal amsislan naɣtinid i yellan-t asmeskel n teniḍeṭ.
G unagraw-wu ad neggig asissmel jer-asent bac ad d-naf tiyugiwin taddayin, bac
ad d-nini ma ayed imeslic neɣ ayed asmeskel.
Ci n tbika wa nettif c awalen g wammud-nneɣ, dɣa nettaɛni-ten-tid sɣa-neɣ.
3.1.1.Tasleḍt
[b], [ ḅ]: wa llint c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, ttawyen bark tuffayt seg
wawalen I ɣa-sen yellan tuffayt, ihi imesla-wuayed asmeskel n yimeslic /b/.
[c]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[d], [ḏ],[d.]: wa llint c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, imesla [ḍ.],[d.] ayed asmeskel
n yimeslic /d/.
[f]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[g]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[h]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[ḥ]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[j]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[k]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[l], [ḷ]:wa llint c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, ttawyen bark tuffayt seg wawalen I
ɣa-sen yellan tuffayt, ihi imesla-wu ayed asmeskel n yimeslic /l/.
[m], [ṃ]: wa llint c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, imesli [ṃ] ayed asmeskel n
yimeslic /m/.
[n]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[q]:ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[r], [ṛ]: wa llint c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, ttawyen bark tuffayt seg wawalen
I ɣa-sen yellan tuffayt, ihi imesla-wu ayed asmeskel n yimeslic /r/.
29
[s], [ṣ]: g wammud-nneɣ wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, basaḥ ad d-nuc

imedyaten s ɣa-neɣ :
[ssuf]⇒sebzeg. / [ṣṣuf]⇒ d taḍuṭ, s wammu ad nini:
/s/: ayed imeslic.
/ṣ/: ayed imeslic.
[ɣ]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[t], [ṭ]: wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, imesli [ṭ] ayed asmeskel n
yimeslic /t/.
[w], [ẉ]: wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, imesli [ẉ] ayed asmeskel n
yimeslic /w/.
[x]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[y]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[z], [ẓ]: deg wammud-nneɣ wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, baṣaḥ ad d-
nuc amedya s ɣa-neɣ :
[izi],[iẓi]
S wammu ad d-nini :
/z/: ayed imeslic.
/ẓ/:ayed imeslic.
[ɛ]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
[ɣ]: ayed imeslic, wa ɣa-s yelli c asmeskel.
3.1.2. Awennet f tesleḍt i nemmud i yimeslicen

G tesleḍt i ngigg, nufu belli llan imeslicen wa ɣa-sen llin c ismeskal. llan
daxetnin imeslicen inid i ɣa-sen llan ismeskal; iksen si-sentella ɣa-sen tayunt
tadayt, llan iksiḍnin wa ɣa-sen telli c tayund tadayt.
30
3.2. Asismel n unagrawn tergalin n tantala taznatit gi tefluyt

tamsislant tamaziɣt
Tadefradlugla
tagranzazant
Tancuglant
Tadluglant
Tnacucant
Tulwiɣant
Tanuglant
Tankarant
Taclalant
Targalin
nt
- + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +
Taggaɣt b t d k g q
Tanzarant m n
TargagantTunezdat r ɣ
Tazenzaɣt f s z c j x ḥ ɛ h
w
y
Tamidisant l
ṛ
ḅ
tufayt ṭ ḍ ṣ ẓ
ṃ
ḷ
Taggrayt
ɣa ungaru n uḥric nezma ad ninni belli tameslayt-tu ayed tin yufraren s
tulmisin-nnes g uswir n tesnilest, imi nufu :
ayed tin i ɣa-s yellan caɛed n teɣra « a/ u/ i ».
ayed tin i yellan ɣa-s tizgenigaɣ « w/ y ».
ayen yeɛnan tirgalin nufu, wa ɣa-s lint tirgalin tiganculwiɣin, tigɣanzaɣin,
d tizenzaɣin id kant seg tigaɣin, macca llan ɣa-s tufayin, tsusamin, d
timeɣriyin.
Tamsertit gi tmeslayt-tu tella, ama jajj n wawal, ama bara n wawal.
31
Aḥric tesnalɣa
II. Tasnalɣa
Tasnalɣa ayed tussna i yetmuden tasledt neɣ aglam i tayunin n wawalen,
tayunt-tu tezma ad tilli ayed isem neɣ amyag neɣ tzelɣa.
Irem tasnalɣa ayed awal uddis igaw s sen wawalen ameẓwa “tasna” i
yemmal-d tussna d wis sen “lɣa” i yemmal-n talɣa, irem-wu yused seg tsuqilt n
irem “ Morphologie ” i yeẓẓunen f sen “ morpho + logie ”.
F ammu nezma ad ninni tasnalɣa tesbarus f ticraḍ n wawal amaziɣ s

umata, s tama n ticraḍ tigejdanin ma n yisem neɣ amyag, ticraḍ tisudimin d
timazzayin, Dubois iẓun asebas n tasnaɣa immu f sen iḥricen, yenna-d J.
DUBOIS20 « A). Ayed a aglam n yilugan i yesseddayen taɣessa n jajj n wawal.
B) ayed aglam n yikket tzamet n tɣessa n jajj n wawal d yilugan n usddukel d
wagraw n wuddussen gi tefyirt ».
G uḥric-wu nẓun-it f ukuẓ n yixfawen, mani i neglam-d cad tayunt f

yiman-nnes, talɣa n yisem, imqimen, talɣa n umyag, iwuranen.
20DUBOIS (J.), 1984 : 326 : « a) Ou bien la morphologie est la description des règles qui régissent la structure
interne des mots. b) Ou bien la morphologie est la description à la fois de la structure interne des mots régles
de combinaison des syntagmes en phrases. »
33
Ixef ameẓwa
Tasnalɣa n yisem
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1. Tasnalɣa n yisem
Isem ayed ikket tayunt seg tayunin i yettgarwen tafyirt, isem yezma ad
yilli ayed isem n wamdan neɣ aɣersiw neɣ n waḥkut, manek i yenna K. NAIT-
ZERRAD21 « Isem yezma ad yili ayed inumasen neɣ ayed irbiben, netnin sen
ayed ismawen imattayen. Anumas yemmal-d, amdan, aɣersiw neɣ aḥkut, ma d
arbib yettkemmil-it, aɛni yeskanu-d taɣara n unumas. Isem yettbeddil ilmend n
tewsit, amḍan, akked waddad ».
G uḥric n tasnalɣa n yiesm anẓa manek i yettwasek ism aznati d tawyen
tulmisin n ticraḍ-inens am ticraḍ tigejdanin, ticraḍ tisuddimin d timazzayin.
1.1. Ticraḍ tigejdanin

Ayed ticrad i nettaf g yisem wa nẓemmu c ad t-nekkas, fel-asen i yebbad
isem, gi tmaziɣ s umata llant caɛed n tecrad tigejdanin n yisem:
 Tawsit
 Amḍan
 Addad
J. MOUNIN22, yenna-d: « Timerna n tecraḍ d allal n tesnalγa, tettili-d s tmerna n
walγacen i ufeggag n wawal, ticraḍ-a mmalent-d tayuninntjerrumt.»
1.1.1. Tawsit
Tawsit ayed tasmilt n tejrumt i yettagen lxilaf tsufɣ-aneɣ-d sent talɣiwin
amalay d unti. A.REBHI yenna-d:Tawsit g tjerrumt ayed asmil ibedd f umxalf n
tuzuft. Da tawsit d tawsit n ugama i nettaf tikwal deg tutlayt tigamanin, deg
21 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 44 « Le nom comprend les substantifs et les adjectifs. Ils sont tous les deux des
mots variables. Le substantif désigne une personne, un animal ou une chose, l’adjectif le complète, il exprime
essentiellement une qualité de substantif, le nom varie en genre (féminin, masculin), en nombre (singulier,
pluriel), et en état (libre, annexion). »
22 MOUNIN (J.), « La flixion est un procédé morphologique qui consiste à ajouter au radical d’un mot des
affixes dits désinences, propres à exprimer les categories grammaiticales. »
35
Aḥric tesnalɣa
unamek-wu S.CHAKER23 yuɛni-d: «tanmegla gar (unti / amalay) teffeγ-d seg-s

waṭas n tenmegliwin (awtem, tawtemt /asemγer, amagnu /amagnu, asemẓi /
agraw, aferdis. »
amalay: wa d-es natif c ticrad n tjarumt ibeddu dimma s tiɣra
yemmal-d awtem, netta ayed talɣa tarucridt. K. NAIT-ZERRAD24
yenna-d:«ayed win i ibeddun dima s teγra tineccawin neγ s uzwir n
wadda a, u, i. »
unti: yettafaɣ-d seg yisem amalay s uɛenni n tecrad n wunti,

yemmal-d talɣa tucridt. F. SADIQI25, (1997,sb.112) tenna-d : «
tawsit gi tjerrumt ayed asmil yemeḥsan f umgired n tuzzuft,
tettucc-aneɣ-d ismawen imalayen d wuntiyen. Taɣessa tasnalɣant n
sen n yismilen-inun s umata ayed ismawen untiyen, gi tmaziɣt
tasnalɣa-nsen ttwasuddmen-d seg yismawen imalayen, ayen i
tenyicubhen yekka-d seg uɛenni n ulɣac ugzim(t-t) »
1.1.1.1. Ismawen i yellan tawsit

G tantaliwin n tmaziɣt tawsit ad naf d-es sent n teggayin, amalay d wunti;
amalay ayed talɣa tarucriḍt, unti ayed talɣa tucriḍt, tantala taznatit daxtatt wa
tafiɣ c f tantaliwin n tmaziɣt.s umata:
unti = amalay + ticreḍt n wunti (t---t, t---, ---t)
23 CHAKER(S.), 1991 : 125 «Cela est du à la polyvalence sémantique de l’opposition masc. /fém. Qui
recouvre des distinctions diverses : mâle/femelle, grand/normal, normal/petit, collectif-générique/ individu.
»
24 NAIT -ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 44 « Le nom masculin commence en général par une des voyelles initiales (ou
préfixe d’état) a, i ou u. »
25 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 112 « Le genre en grammaire nous permet de catégoriser les noms féminins. La
structure morphologique des deux catégories en question suggère que généralement les noms féminin en
berbère dérivent morphologiquement des noms masculins leur correspandant par l’addition du morphème
discontinue (t-t). »
36
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Gi taznattit ad naf unti yettafɣ-d seg umalay s waɛenni n “t” ɣa umaẓwa n

wawal d unagaru-nes. Baṣah ci n tbika ad tass “t” ɣa umaẓwa neɣ ɣa unagaru n
yisem amalay bark, f ayen had ci-wu nẓun-d asufaɣ n wunti ef caɛed n talɣiwin:
a) Talɣa tugzimt
ayed tin i yettilin s uɛenni n “t” ɣa umaẓwa d unagaru n yisem amalay
Isem amalay + t---t = isem unti
MD :
Ameqqan tameqqan
Anu tanut
Ijjen tijjent
Ifli tiflit
Aqeṣri taqeṣrit
Tamawt :
Llan iksen n yismawen imalayen miggu la nexs ad dewlen ɣa wunti g
talɣa tugzimt yettili-d igen ubdel g talɣa n waẓar-nsen.
MD :
Adɣaɣ tɣaɣeṭ
Axbu taxbudt /taxbuṭ/
b) Talɣa tuzwirt
Ayed talɣa i yettilin s uɛenni n “t” ɣa umeẓwa n yisem amalay.
Isem amalay + t---- = isem unti
MD :
37
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Iɣuni tiɣuni
Amegna tamegna
tamawt : g tantala taznatit drust yismawen i ɣa naf s talɣa tuzwirt.
c) Talɣa n udfir
Ayed talɣa i yettilin s uɛenni n “t” ɣa unagaru n yisem amalay.
Isem amalay + ---t =isem unti
MD :
Lḥebba lḥebbet
Ikessen ikessent
Sen sent
Caɛed caɛedt /caɛeṭ/
Tamawt :
S umata talɣa n udfir nuffa-t-id ɣa yismawen n umḍan g tantala taznatit.
1.1.1.2. ismawen n yikket tewsit

a) Ismawen imalayen war unti
Ayed ismawen i ɣa-sen yellan talɣa n umalay bark wa nẓamu ad s-is
nsufaɣ talɣa n unti.
MD:
Nfad, aman, seqqaq, lmejra, lerd, lmizan, ugid, jaj, lejbel, abariḥ, cal,
neṣṣ, aqirad …
b) Ismawen untiyen war amalay

Ayed ismawen i ɣa-sen yellan talɣa n wunti bark wa nẓamu ad s-is nsufaɣ
talɣa n umalay.
MD :
38
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Tamuḥt, tlaxt, tiṭ, tazayt, sejret, tawiza, tiddaḥt, tixsi, tamezgida

Tamawt
Llan iksen yismawen imalayen mi la nexs ad dewlan ɣa unti ad ucan
ikkideṭ talɣa n ufeggag, unti-nsen wa ggi ci d talɣa n tewsit.
MD:
iggen ikket
uggid tameṭṭuṭ
Adman till
1.1.2. Amḍan
Ayed tasmilt n tjerrumt i yes-mxalafen jer wasuf d usget. W.AISSOU26 «
ayed tasmilt tajerrumant i yessemgiriden jer wasuf d usget mani ikket talɣa n
usget tekk s tecraḍ tisnalɣanin ».
Asuf: ayed talɣa tarucrirdt, yeskanayed amḍan n yekket n tɣawsa neɣ
yeggan cci.
Asget: ayed talɣa tucridt, yeskanayed amḍan n waṭas. Nessufuɣ-it-d seg
wasuf.
Ihi amḍan llan d-es sent teggayin asuf akked usget. K. NAIT-ZERRAD27,
(1995,sb.49) yura-d: « Amḍan gi tmaziɣt iẓun f sen,asuf d usget, nessemgirid
jer caɛed n tsekkiwin n usget; asget uffiɣ, asget agensan, d usget asemsay,
yettili-d ubeddel n tergalt tameẓwaḥt f caɛed n tsekkiwin n isgiten, s umata
“a” yettuɣal “i” »
G tantala taznatit asegt yezma ad yilli g sen n yiswiren : tiɣri tameẓwaḥt
(timllilt n taɣra) akked tafekka (tehrayt).
26 AISSOU (W.), 2008 : 57 « C’est une categorie grammaitical qui oppose le singulier et le pluriel où seul la
forme du pluriel est realisée par les marques morphologiques spécifiques. »
27 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 49 « Le berbère possède un singulier et un pluriel. On distingue trois types de
pluriels : le pluriel externe (ajout d’un suffixe) et un pluriel interne (alternance interne) et un pluriel mixte
(suffixe+ alternance interne). Il y a une modification de la voyelle initiale pour les trois types de pluriel (en
générale le « a » devient « i »). ».
39
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1.1.2.1. timlilit n tiɣri

Tezma ad tbeddel tiɣri tameẓwaḥt neɣ tiɣri tis sant g yisem.
Tiɣri tameẓwaḥt
Tamuḥt timura
Adɣaɣ idɣaɣen
Aqeṣri iqeṣray
Tiɣri tis sant

Ifli iflan
Tijent tijan
1.1.2.2. Tahrayt
Asget yezma ad yilli s uɛenni n tehrayt ɣa unaggaru n yisem asuf, neɣ
s temlellit n teɣri neɣ n teɣra, neɣ s uɛenni n teɣri.
Asget s uɛenni n tehrayt
Tahrayt (---ten) :
anu anuten.
ganga gangaten
Tahrayt (---in) :
tanut tanutin
tlaxt tlaxin
Tahrayt (---awin) :
tiṭ tiṭawin
tiɣuni tiɣunawin.
Tiɣuni tiɣunawin
Tahrayt (---at) :
lmizan lmizanat
seqqaq seqquqat
Tahrayt (---awen) :
40
Aḥric tesnalɣa
udem udmawen.
Tahrayt (---awin) :
Tamezgid timezgidawin
Asget s temlellit n teɣra neɣ n teɣri

Nfad nfudat
Seqqaq seqquqat
Asget s waɛenni n teɣra d temlellit n teɣra
tamuḥt timura
axbu ixuba
Asget s temerna n tehrayt d temlellit n teɣra
aqesr iqesray
taxbudt tixbudin
Tamawin
Tahrayt (----n) : tased yid ismawen imalayen, ma d tahrayt (--in)tsed yid
ismawen untiyen.
Llan iksen yismawen ayed asuf maca wa ɣa-sen yelli c asget : lerd, jaj,
ssima, twiza, asget-nsen s uɛenni usemmad “ḥawel, aṭas”
MD: ḥawel n ssima.
llan dax-tnin ismawen d asget war asuf : aman, iwdan.
llan cra n yisemawen asuf-nsen yettebdil deg talɣa :
uggid bidden
ad naff g teznatit ikket n sifet awalen i yella g laṣel-nses /r/ wa yban c g
wasuf mi yedwal ɣa usget ad s-d-yedwal /r/ anaṣli
MD: tamuḥt timura
41
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1.1.3. Addad
Ayed tasmilt n tjerrumt I yessemgaraden jer waddad illeli d waddad
amaruz. O. AISSOU28 : «D asmil ajerruman i yessemgiriden jer waddad amaruz
d wadda ilelli».
Addad ilelli ayed talɣa tarucridt, ma d addad amaruz ayed talɣa
tucridt. F. SADIQI29 «gi tmaziγt llant ɣa-nneɣ sant n tsekkiwin n waddad,
addad ilelli d waddad amaruz».
Nsufuɣ-d addad amaruz seg waddad ilelli lwaqt i ɣa yatef isem gi
tefyart yettek fell-as cra n ubeddal g tiɣri tameẓwaḥt. K. NAIT-ZERRAD30
yenna-d : « Addad amrauz n yisem nettasn-it s ubeddel n teɣri-nes gi cra n
wawalen ijerrumanen :s useẓwa n « w », neɣ « y » neɣ tuṭṭfa, neɣ aɣelluy n teɣri
tameẓwaḥt ». g tantala taznatit yettili-d ubeddal wu amu ya:
a) Ismawen i beddun s a
a u---
abariḥ / ubariḥ
aqellal / uqellal
a wa--
aman / waman
ataf / wataf
ammas / wammas
b) Ismawen ibeddun s u
u wu--
28 AISSOU (O.), 2008 : 60 « C’est une catégorie grammaticale qui assure l’opposition entre l’état libre et l’état
d’annexion. »
29 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 112 « Il existe en berbère deux types d’état : (1) l’état libre et (2) l’état construit, dit
aussi l’état d’annexion. »

30 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 62 «Ll’état d’annexion du nom se manifeste par une modification affectant sa
voyelle dans certains contextes grammaticaux : préfixition du « w » ou « y » et/ou maintien ou chute de la

voyelle initiale. »
42
Aḥric tesnalɣa
uggid / wuggid
c) Ismawen ibeddun s i
i yi--
ifli / yifli
iḍman / yiḍman
d) Ismawen ibeddun s ta
ta te--
tanut / tennut
taxbuṭ / texbuṭ
ta t---
tamuḥt / tmuḥt
tamegna / tmegn
e) Ismawen ibeddun s ti
ti te--
tiflit / teflit
tixsi / texsi
tidrin / tedrin
ti t---
tisednan / tsednan
tiɣuni / tɣuni
tamawt f waddad
ɣas ammu g tantala taznatit yella waddad amaruz baṣaḥ inid i
yessawalen taznatit wa ttucen ci azal ameqqan i tesmilt -tu n waddad.
Acku ci n tbika yella mani g ɣa yelliq ad yilli waddad amaruz baṣaḥ
amsiwel yettutlay-it s waddad ilelli, ayen tu ad tid-naff g wammud-nneɣ.
43
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1.2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin

S. CHAKER31 yenna-d : « Asuddem amyagan uja anisem ayed iggen n
wagraw agejdan gi tdamsa tamatut n tutlayt. imala asuddem wa gi ci ulad gi
tseddast d yinaw amyagan».
Gi tmaziɣt llan ismawen iḥerfiyen d yismawen isuddimen. ismawen

isudimen nessufuɣ-iten-d seg yismawen iḥerfayen s uɛenni n cra n walɣacen n
tisudma; isuddimen yella ɣa-sen ticradt n usuddem. F. SADIQQI32 «Tarrayt n
usuddem anisem gi tmaziγt tẓun f sent tzematin; tameẓwaḥt yettili-d s waɛni n
walγac anisem i uẓar,ma d wis sen yettili-d s waɛni n walγac anisem i umyag».
Ticrad tisuddimin n yisem mxalafent ef tinid n umyag. isemawen

isuddimen, llan inid ibedden ef umyag n tigawt, llan inid ibedden ef umyag n
tɣara. ẓunan ismawen isuddimen ef : isem n tigawt, isem n umeskar, isem n
wallal, arbib,yella daxeta asuddem n yisem f yisem.
Taggayt n Adda n
Isem Ticraḍ n usuddem
yisem tisuddma
Uɣun Aɛenni n « u », d timlellit n teɣra

Qqen
(∅--U), d tusda n (qq--ɣ)
Isem n
tigawt Aɛenni n « t » ɣa umaẓwa n ufeggag,
tsakka sek d tussda n tergalt « k », d timlellit d
waɛenni n tɣara « a ».
31 CHAKER (S.), 1991 : 179 «La dérivation tant verbale que nominale, constitue un système essentiel dans
l’économie générale de la langue. La dérivation est le pivot, non seulement du lexique, mais aussi de la
syntaxe de l’énoncé verbal. »
32 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 115 «Le processus de la dérivation nominale en berbère opère de deux façons; (1) par
l’affixation de morphèmes de nominalisation à une racine et (2) par l’affixation de morphème de

nominalisation à un verbe »
44
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Temlellit n teɣra (a--u),

Neṭṭu Nda
Tussda n (d--ṭṭ)
S uɛenni n “a” sat n ufeggag.

Adebdeb Debdeb
S uɛenni n “u”sat ufeggag,
ubuy Bi Timlellit n teɣra (i--u)
S uɛenni n “y”ɣa unaggar n ufeggag
Tussda n tergalt talemmast “l”
Allay Ali Timlellit n teɣra (i--a), d uɛenni n “y”
ɣa unaggaru n ufeggag
S uɛenni n “tim”ɣa umaẓwa n
Timejjiwt Ejj ufeggag, d uɛenni n “iwt”ɣa
unaggaru n ufeggag
S uɛenni n “l” ɣa umaẓwa n ufeggag,
Lebɛadet Beɛɛed d tussda n’’ɛ ‘, temlellit n teɣra (∅--a)
uɛenni n tehrayt ‘’t’’
S uɛenni n ticraḍt “ti” ɣa umaẓwa n

Tizgat Zgat
ufeggag.
aɛenni n “ti’’ sat n ufeggaf, d ukkus n

Timelli Mellel tergalt taneggarut ‘’l’’
Isem n
Timlellit n (∅--i).
tɣara
aɛenni n ticraḍt “ti” ɣa ufeggag,
Tizzizewt Zizu timlellit n teɣri (u--w) d tussda n
tergalt ‘’z’’.
Aɛenni n “a” ssat n ufeggag, timlellit
axeddim Xdem
n teɣra (∅--i), d tussda n tergalt “d”
45
Aḥric tesnalɣa
S uɛenni “a” sat n ufeggag

Akeyyal Kiyel Timlellit n teɣra (i--∅),(∅--a)
d tussda n’’y’’
Aɛenni n “a” sdat n ufeggag, ukkus n
Aweṣṣal ṣuṣel « ṣ » tameẓwḥt, tussda n «ṣ», temlellit
Isem n n (u--w), (∅--a)
umeskar aɛenni n“a“ sat ufeggag, d tussda n
Afellaḥ Felleḥ tergalt talemmast “l” d temlellit n
tergalt(∅--a)
aɛenni n ‘’am’’ ɣa umaẓwa n ufeggag,
Amusnaw Ssen timlellit n (∅--u), (∅--a)
D tmerniwt n ‘’w’’ɣa unaggaru
Isem n aɛenni n “t-t” n unti, timerniwt n’’as’’
wallal Tasalayt Ali ɣa umaẓwa n ufeggag, d uɛenni n ‘’y“
ɣa unaggaru, d timlellit n teɣra (e--a).
S uɛenni n “t-t” n unti, d temlellit n
Taɛekkuzt ɛekkez
teɣra (u--∅)
aɛenni n (t--t) n unti, tussda n’’l’’ d
Taḥellabt ḥleb
temlellit n teɣra (∅--a) (∅--a).
Azeggaɣ Zeggaɣ S uɛenni n “a” sat n ufeggag.
S uɛenni n “a” sat n ufeggag d tussda
Azeggra Zegra
n terglt (g).
Arbib
Ameqqan Meqqa aɛenni n “a” ɣa umaẓwa d’’n’’ ɣa

unaggaru n ufeggag.
Isem f S uɛenni n “a”sat ufeggag, tuksa n
Aṣeḥrawi ṣṣeḥra
yisem tussda (ṣ), aɛenni n tehrayt(wi).
46
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Awennet f tefluyt
1.2.1. Isem n tigawt d yisem n tɣara
Ayed isem i d-yettwasuddmen seg umyag n tigawt neɣ seg umyag n tɣara.
 Isem n tigawt nessuddum-it-id seg umyag n tigawt:
Nsufuɣ-it-id s tusdda n tergalt neɣ temlilit n teɣra neɣ aɛenni n tehrayet.
 Isem n tɣara nessuddum-it-id seg umyag n tɣara :
S umata yettil-d s temlilit n teɣra d uɛenni n ticreḍt “ti”.
1.2.2. Isem n umeskar

Talɣa n yisem n umeskar tettas-d s: ”w ” neɣ “m”…atg, ssat n ufeggag, d
“a” ssat n tergalt taneggarut, Yettili daxetta s tussda n tergalt n wamas n
yismawen ijeṭaḍen.
1.2.3 Isem n wallal

Talɣa n yisem n wallal tettas-d s “s” ssat n ufeggag.“s” wa ggi c win
wasswaɣ.
Dadi g imedyaten-nneɣ ismawen wallalen ussand gaɛ g talɣa n wunti.
1.2.4 Arbib
Yettwasuddem-d seg umyag n tɣara, ḥawlant talɣiwin i si-sent nsufuɣ urbib, jer
talɣiwin i d-yufraren :
S uɛenni n “a” ssat n tergalt taneggarut.
S tussda n tergalt talemmast d uɛenni n “a” ssat tergalt taneggarut.
S uɛenni n “an” ɣa deffa n ufeggag.
1.2.5. Isem f yisem
Ayed isem i d-yettwasuddmen seg yisem, s uɛenni n “a” ssat n ufeggag,d “wi”
ɣa unaggaru n ufeggag.
47
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1.3. Ticraḍ timazzayin

Ayed ticraḍ i ten-d-nettaf ɣa yisem wa d-es lṣigent c tettwaqan-nt s tezdit
ɣa yisem. O. AISSOU33 tenna-d : «ayed tiskarin i yezman ad qenent isem, s
umata nettaf-itent ayed udfiren». daxetta A.IDIR34 yenna-d : «Ad neggaw s
waday n usiwel-wu, irbiben imeskanen, irbiben imeskanen n tiḍent d yimqimen
udmawanen n wayla».
Ticraḍ-tinunt ad t-naf d-sent sant n taggayin:
 amqim awṣil n wayla
 arbib ameskan.
1. Amqim n yinu (wayla)

Amqim n wayla d amqim id-t-nettaɛenni ɣa yisem, yettaṭaf amkan n
yisem wis sen i yettaɛenni f yisem ameẓwa yeskanu-d ayella n tɣewsa daḥeddu i
tillan. A.REBHI35: « D isemmaden i itteqqnen γer yisem id-yemmalen ayla n
tγewsa. »
awṣil-wu yettbeddil ilmend n tewsit d umḍan n yisem i yettdawlan g wamkan-
nens.
Udmawen Imagnuyen Timmarawt

Ud 1 Taqeṣrit-inu Yemma / Yejj-inu Tatti
Ud 2 (Ml) Taqeṣrit-nnek Yejj-nek Tatti-k
ASUF Ud 2 (Nt) Taqeṣrit-nnem Yejj-nem Tatti-m
Ud 3 (Ml) Taqeṣrit-nnes Yejj-ns Tatti-s
Ud 3 (Nt) Taqeṣrit-nnes Yejj-ns Tatti-s
33 AISSOU (O.), 2008 : 73 « C’est les modalités qui peuvent être affixées au nom, généralement elles sont
suffixées. »
34 IDIR (A.), 2009 : 54 « On regroupe sous cette appellation les modalités locatives, les modalités d’altérités et
les modalités personnelles. »

35 REBḤI(A.), Mémoire de Magister, 1994
48
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Udem1 Taqeṣrit-nneɣ Yejj-nneɣ Tatti-dneɣ

Udem2 (Ml) Taqeṣrit-nwen Yejj-nwen Tatti-dwen
ASGET Udem2(Nt) Taqeṣrit-nwent Yejj-nwent Tatti-dwent

Udem3 (Ml) Taqeṣrit-nsen Yejj-nsen Tatti-dsen
Udem3(Nt) Taqeṣrit-nsent Yejj-nsent Tatti-dsent
Awennet f tefluyt
G tantala taznatit awṣil n yisem yetteqqen ɣer yisem s tenzeɣt “n” yezma
daɣ ad yettwaqen s tenzaɣt “d”.
 ismawen imagnuyen nettagg-asen tenzaɣt “n”
 ismawen n timmarawt teggan-iten s sant n tenzaɣ “n” d “d” :
tanzeɣt “n” tettwagga I yismawen n timmarawt i yetkamlan s targalt: yajj, babb,
adgal, aɛbib,…
tanzeɣt “d” tettwagga i yismawen n timmarawt i yetkamlan s tiɣra g usget:
yemma, tatti, maɛemmi, dadda hatti, ḥaddi, baḥeddi, …
G tantala taznatit amqim awṣil n timmarawt llat ɣa-s sant talɣiwin ikket
ayed taẓegrart ikidedṭ ayed tagezalt, talɣa taẓegrart tettassed ssat n yismawen n
timmarawt i yetkamlan s tergalt, ma ayed talɣa tagezalt ssat n yismawen n
timmarawt I yetkamlan s tiɣra.
2. Arbib ameskan
Arbib ameskan ayed yikket n temseɣriwt n yisem, talɣa-nes tettbeddil ɛla
ḥsab n wadeg i nella nexsn ad t-id- naskan. A.REBHI yenna-d belli arbib
ameskan d yiwet seg tmesγariwin timezzayin n yisem. S umata, talγa tettbeddil
kan ilmend n wadeg n win d-yettwaseknen (M. mammeriyessawal-asen
“udmawanen”).
 Yezma ayen ma la nexs ad t-id naskan ad yili ssat n win la yella yessawal.
 Yezma ayen ma la nexs ad t-id naskan ad yili yettmatat baṣaḥ bɛid fell-as.
49
Aḥric tesnalɣa
 Ayed askanay, g tibawt neɣ walu n ma yellan yettwaseknen.

 Yezm ad yili ayed ikiḍedt (tiḍent).
Arbib ameskan n Arbib Arbib ameskan Arbib ameskan n tiḍent
tiẓin ameskan n n ubdar
waggug
Ifli-wu / iḍ-u Ifli-wen Anamek-ns Ifli-nniḍen Igg-iḍen n yifli
Tanut-tu Tanut-ten yella macca Tanut-nniḍen Ik-iḍeṭ tanut
Iflan-inun Iflan-inen talɣa-ns tased s Iflan-niḍnin Iks-iḍnin yeflan
Ta utin-inu t Tanutin-inent talɣiwin n tiẓin Tanutin-niḍnint Iks-iḍnint tanutin
neɣ win n
waggug.
Tamawt
a) Arbib ameskan n tiẓin
G tantala taznatit arbib ameskan n tiẓin yettbeddil ɛla ḥsab n tewsit
(amalay, unti), d umḍan (asuf, asget).
G isem asuf amalay nesɛa snat n talɣiwin (wu, u) :
Talɣa n “wu’ s umata ssat n yismawen.
Talɣa n “u” nettaɛn-it-d ssat n yimerna n wakud.
MD : aseggas-u, iḍ-u …..atg
b) Arbib ameskan n waggug

G tantala taznatit yettbeddil ɛla ḥsab n tewsit (amalay / unti), d umḍan
(asuf / asget).
c) Arbib ameskan n ubdar

G tantala taznatit talɣa n urbib ameskan n ubdar wa t-nufi c neɣ wa telli c
wa ggi ci anamek-ns yettilli; laxaṭer miggu la nexs ad nessiwawl neɣ ad nebder
50
Aḥric tesnalɣa
tɣawsa tella ssat-nneɣ ad tt- nebder s warbib ameskan n tiẓin, d miggu la nexs
ad nessiwawl f tɣawsa tella basaḥ wa telli c ssat-nneɣ ad tt-nebder s warbib
ameskan n waggug.
d) Arbib ameskan n tiḍent

g tantala taznatit gi tmaslayt n At Sɛid nufu belli sexdamen sant talɣiwin
n warbib ameskan ikket ayed taḥerfit ikiḍadt ayed tuddist, ayen talɣa taḥerfit
drus mani id tettaggan d wa tbaddil c talɣa-nes ɛla ḥsab tawsit d wamḍan nufu
abeddal yella bark g isem unti asget.
Talɣa tuddist tettwagga ḥawal d tettbadil ɛla ḥsab tawsit d wamḍan, talɣa
tu tettased ssat n yisem.
Igg-iḍen = igg (igen) + iḍen
Ik-iḍedt = ik (ikket) + iḍedt
Iks-iḍnin = iks (iksen) +iḍnin
Iks-iḍnint = iks (iksent) + iḍnint
51
Aḥric tesnalɣa
52
Ixef wis sen
imqimen
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1. Imqimen
Ayed tayun tajerumant, imqimen nezma ad ten-naf ẓunan f sen :
 Imqimen udmawanen
 Imqimen irudmawanen
Ayed talɣa i d-yettasen g amkan n yisem tezma ad teṭṭaf amkan-nes g talɣa d
twuri, imqimen n yisem nezma ad ten-nẓun f :
1. Imqimen udmawanen
Ayed imqimen i yeskanun igen udmawen s wudmawen i yellan nettin-yasen
udmawanen axter tbeddilen seg udem ɣa wenniden :
 Udem ameẓwa ayed wi yellan yessawal
 Udem wis sen ayed wi la nessawal ɣa-s
 Udem wis caɛed ayed wi fell-as nessawal
Imqimen udmawanen ẓunan f sent tagayin :
1.1. Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen

Nettin-yas ilelli laxater yetas-d iman-nes wa yenṭid c ɣa wawal, gi
tmeslayt n At Sɛid amqim ilelli iẓun f caɛed n tagayin am tantaliwin n tmaziɣt;
wi yessawalen, d wen i ɣa-s nessawal, d wen i f nessawal.
53
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Tafluyt-tu teskanu-d imqimen ilelliyen I yella sawalen-ten gi tmeslayt n At

Sɛid
Amḍan udem tawsit Amqim ilelli
Ud 1 Ml Nec
Nt Nec
Ud 2 Ml Cek
Asuf Nt Cem
Ud 3 Ml Netta
Nt Nettat
Ud 1 Ml Necni
Nt Necni
Ud 2 Ml Knim
asget Nt Knimt
Ud 3 Ml Netnin
Nt Netnint
Gt : imqimen ilelliyen gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid tella ɣa-sen ɣil talɣa

tagezzalt wa nufi c talɣa tazegrart.
Amqim ilelli n udem ameẓwa asuf d usgat wa yetbadil c miggu
ttwabeddal tawsit seg umalay ɣa unti.
1.2. Imqimen udemawanen iwṣilen

Amqim awṣil wa yeggi ci am umqim ilelli axater amqim awṣil yettas-d
yeqqan ɣa cra ama ayed isem, ama ayed amyag, ama ayed tenzaɣt. f amu ttefɣ-
aneɣ-d caɛed n tagayin n yimqimen iwsilen :
 Amqim awṣil n umyag
 Amqim awṣil n yisem
 Amqim awṣil n tenzeɣt
54
Aḥric tesnalɣa
G tagayt-tu n yimqimen ad nessiwal bark f amqim awṣil n yisem d umqim

awṣil n tenzaɣt, ma d amqim awṣil n umyag ad fell-as nessiwal g uḥric n umyag.
1.2.1. Amqim awṣil n yisem

Ayed amqim i d-yettasen yeqqan ɣa yisem ameẓwa yettaṭaf amkan nyisem
wis sen, awṣil n yisem nettaf-it iẓun f sen amqim awṣil i yeqqan ɣa yisem
amagnu d amqim awṣil
Amḍa ude ta Isem Isem n
n m ws amagnu tmarawt
it
amdya Awṣil- amdya Awṣil- amdya Awṣil-
nes nes nes
Ud 1 Ml ṣwarda-nu -nu adeggal- -inu umma ∅
inu
Nt ṣwarda-nu -nu Adeggal- -inu umma ∅
inu
Ud 2 Ml ṣwarda-nek -nek adeggal- -nek umma-k -k
nek
Asuf Nt ṣwarda-nem -nem adeggal- -nem umma-m -m
nem
Ud 3 Ml ṣwarda-ns -ns adeggal- -ns umma-s -s
ns
Nt ṣwarda-ns -ns Adeggal- -ns umma-s -s
ns
Ud 1 Ml ṣwarda-neɣ -neɣ adeggal- -neɣ umma- -dneɣ
neɣ dneɣ
Nt ṣwarda-neɣ -neɣ adeggal- -neɣ umma- -dneɣ
neɣ dneɣ
55
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Ud 2 Ml ṣwarda- -nwen Adeggal- -nwen umma- -dwen

nwen nwen dwen
Asget Nt ṣwarda- - adeggal- - umma- -
nwent nwent nwent nwent dwent dwent
Ud 3 Ml ṣwarda-nsen -nsen adeggal- -nsen umma- -dsen
nsen dsen
Nt ṣwarda-nsent -nsent adeggal- -nsent umma- -dsent
nsent dsent
1.2.2.Amqim awṣil n tenzeɣt

Amḍan Udem Tawsit Talɣa Talɣa
tagezalt tazegrart
Amdya Awṣil- Amdya Awṣil- Amdya Awṣil-
(1) nes (2) nes nes
Ud 1 Ml sis-i -i fell-i -i ssat-inu -inu
Nt sis-i -i fell-i -i ssat-inu -inu
Asuf Ud 2 Ml sis-k -k fell-ak -ak ssat-nek -nek
Nt sis-m -m fell-am -am ssat-nem -nem
Ud 3 Ml sis-s -s fell-as -as ssat-nes -nes
Nt sis-s -s fell-as -as ssat-nes -nes
Ud 1 Ml sis-neɣ -neɣ fell-aneɣ -aneɣ ssat- -nneɣ
nneɣ
Nt sis-neɣ -neɣ fell-aneɣ -aneɣ ssat- -nneɣ
nneɣ
Asget Ud 2 Ml sis-wen -wen fell-awen -awen ssat- -nwen
nwen
Nt sis-went -went fell- -awent ssat- -
awent nwent nwent
56
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Ud 3 Ml sis-sen -sen fell-asen -asen ssat-nsen -nsen

Nt sis-sent -sent fell-asent -asent ssat- -nsent
nsent
2. Imqimen irudmawanen
Ayed imqimen i yellan wa nfetti c ɛla ḥsab udmawen, imqimen-ninu ẓunen f
ukuẓ n tsekkiwin:
 Amqim ameskan
 Amqim amattar
 Amqim arbadu
 Amqim amassaɣ
2.1. Amqim ameskan

Ayed amqin I yeskanun amkan neɣ adeg n yisem i yetbaɛ, talɣa-nes tebaddel
ɛla ḥsab umḍan d tawsit n yisem wen, amqim ameskan iẓun f ukuẓ n tigayin:
Amqim ameskan n tiẓin
Amqim ameskan n waggug
Amqim ameskan n ubdar
Amqim ameskan n tiḍent
Tafelluyt-tu I yellan ssat-neɣ tskanay-d imqimen imaskanen i yellan gi
tmaslayt n At Sɛid d manek i tbedlan seg umalay ɣa unti d wasuf ɣa usget.
Amḍn Tawsit Amqim Amqim Amqim ameskan Amqim
ameskan n ameskan n n ubdar ameskan n
tiẓin waggug tiḍent
Asuf Ml Ayen wu / Ayen nwen / Wenniden /
wu wen Talɣa n umeqim iggiḍen
Nt Ayen tu / tu Ayen ten / ten ameskan n ubdar Tennideṭ /
57
Aḥric tesnalɣa
wa telli c ikiḍet
Asget Ml Ayen ninu / Ayen ninen / Bṣaḥ anamek-ns Inidnin /
ninun ninen yettili s win iksiḍnin
Nt Ayen tinu / Ayen tinent / tiẓin d wagguga Tinidnint /
tinunt tinent iksiḍnint
Amqim ameskan n tiẓin d win waggug tella ɣa-sen sant n talɣiwin;

tameẓwaḥt ayed amqim ameskan iman-nnes tis sant yus-d yid-s amqim amassaɣ
“ ayen ”.
Amqim n wabdar talɣa-ns wa telli, anamek-ns yettas-d s talɣa n umqim n
tiẓin ma tella ssat n umsiwal, miggu wa telli c ttwebdar s umqim n waggug.
Amqim ameskan n tiḍent llant ɣa-s sant talɣiwin; ikket ayed taḥerfit,
tenniḍeṭ ayed tuddist.
2.2. Amqim arbadu

Amqim arbadu yelli f cra i yellan wa yettwasen ci. F. SADIQI36
teskan-d awal-wu «imqimen irbuda skanun tasmekt d tɣara i yellan wa yban c
wazal. », iẓun f sen:
Arbaddu imuddiren: yeskanu-d amdan: “ igen ”
Md: igen wa d-yusi.
Arbadu irmuddiren: yeskanu-d aɣersiw neɣ taɣewsa: “ cra ”, “ ci ”, “ akeb
”, “ igen wani ”
Md:
“akeb”. Ad naḥ akeb akeb.
“cra”. Iɛma-d azgen d cra.
“ci”. Necni neqqim, ci iraḥ ci yeqqim.
36 SADIQI (F.), 1997 : « les indèfinis dèsingnent des quantitès et des qualitès non prècises»
58
Aḥric tesnalɣa
2.3. Amqim amattar

Ayed amqim id yettas-n ɣa umaẓwa n tfyart, yettas-d ssat-nes
amqim ameskan. Manek i yenna A.REBḤI: Talγa n umqim amattar tbded γef
tin n umqim ameskan s tmerna n talγa n umattar an (i), i nezmer ad naf deg
tesγunt n wadeg an (i) da. Tezmer ad tili d amqim tezmer ad tili d arbib.
Baṣaḥ gi teznatit talɣa n umattar ayed “ daḥeddu”
Amalay Unti Arawsan
Asuf Daḥeddu wu Daḥeddu tu
Asget Daḥeddu ninun Daḥeddu tinunt
Arawsan Daḥeddu
2.4. Amqim amassaɣ

Tinin-as amassaɣ axater illa wasaɣ netta d yisem, amqim-wu
talɣa-nes tbed f umqim ameskan “ ayen ”, wa yetbadil c ilmend n tewsit d
umḍan.
Gi teznatit amqim amassaɣ nufu ɣa-s ayen talɣiwin-tinunt: “ ayen ”, “ i ”
Md:
“ayen”: La tuttef ayen tɣuni ɣa yigga.
“i” Bidden lɛuqal i ɣa negsa.
Amsedfer n yimqimen imazzayen n yisem

G tagayt-tu ad neẓẓa mank i temseḍfaren imqimen iwsilen n yisem g
yigen n wuddus.
arbib ameskan n tiẓin, syin ad yass deffa-nes awṣil n yisem.
MD : ifli-wu-nneɣ.
arbib ameskan n wagguga, syin ad yass deffa-nes amqim awṣil n yisem.
MD : ifli-wen-nneɣ.
arbib ameskan n tiḍent, syin ad yass amqim awṣil n yisem.
59
Aḥric tesnalɣa
MD : iflan-niḍenin-nneɣ.
Tamawt
Uddus n yisem azenati tillin d-es caɛed n tayunin. yettass-d arbib
ameskan ayed ameẓwa (ama d win tiẓin neɣ n wagguga neɣ n tiḍent) s yin ad
yass s deffir-nes amqim awṣil n yisem.
G tantala taznatit wa sexddamen c uddus i yesɛan ujja n caɛed n tayunin.
G tantala taznatit wa nẓem c ad yass g yigen n uddus sen yirbiben
imeskanen; lazem ad yilli yigen n urbib ameskan syin ad yass deffir-nes amqim
awṣil n yisem.
60
Ixef wis caɛed
Amyag
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1. Tasnalɣa n umyag
G tjerrumt n tamziɣt amyag ayed awal i yeskanun tigawt neɣ taɣara ifetti
yid udmawen ɛla ḥsab timezra. NAIT-ZERRAD (K.) Amyag d awal ameskil* i
yeffettin ilmend n wudem, tawsit d umḍan, ibḍa γef snat n taggayin: Amyag
amagnu*(tigawt), d umyag n tγara. Гur-s ticraḍ tigejdanin (amatar udmawan, d
tmeẓri) akked tecraḍ timazzayin. miggu yefti yid imyagen n tigawt yettuc-d sant
tmezra tigajdanin, ikket ayed tumidt tigawt-nes tekku teqḍa ikiḍadt ayed
tarumidt tigawt-nes mazal wa teqḍi.
Amyag nettaf d-es amatar udmawan d ufeggag.

G tfelluyt-nneɣ ad d-nuc umuɣ n yimyagen i yellan g wammud-nneɣ.
Tafelluyt n yimyagen i yellan g wammud-neɣ :
Imizri Urmir Urmir ussid Imizri ibaw ibaw
Immut Ad jemɛen La ysuggu
Yuttef Ad siwlan La tuttef
Ittaf Ad yexs La yemmut
Diɛen Ad iḥan La tebɛen-ten
Teffeɣ Ad ggen La teffɣen
Wa ɣa-nneɣ telli Wa yenfaɛ ci
gsan Ad nedwel La tneṭṭa
Wa telli c Wa yettuṭi c
I seg d-ffɣen Ad nesnuqeb La neggu-d
Wa tekni Wa yeẓemmu
Nuṣal-d ya Ad t-nesnuqeb Ttalyen-d
Wa llin Wa ttmatad c
I d-neqqan Ad nmud La ngaṛṛeb-d
Wa tḍiɛen ci Wa sent-netgig
I deg-s yellan Ad naḥ La ttẓunen
I d-tt-tneṭṭa Ad as-nmud Ttefɣen
I ten-njemmel Ad as deg-s sis La nxeddem
Neɛdel nass Ttinniɣ-ak
I nelqa Ad deg-s nggig Yettaf
Nedwel-d Ad innuqqeb Netteg-as
62
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Lliɣ Ad yemmud Nettejja-t

Yedabdab Ad ikeyyel La ggun
Tɛemma Ad d-yass Ad t-ttmatad
Iḍiɛ Ad deg-s isen La nettezluluɣ
I t-id-xedmen Ad zerbeɛɛen nettebbi
Yenqeẓẓ Ad yaff
Ad t- neɛwa
ad as-nggig
ad deg-s nelqa
ad ten-neẓẓun
ad ten-nefqa
Awennet f tefluyt
G tefluyt-nneɣ nufu cra n yimedyaten wa d-kkin ci ɣa ukuẓ n tmeẓriwin i
yellan gi tmaziɣt, md: wa tmatad c, acku imizri ibaw-nes d : wa tmutid c.
G tzenatit sexdamen gaɛ timeẓra, wa yelli c asexdem n yikket ujja n
tenniḍedṭ.
Amaɣun : yella umaɣun g tzenatit.
Imyagen nuwyi-ten-tid s tecraḍ-nsen timazzayin.
Llan yemyagen i send nɛawed, axaṭer mgaraden deg tmeẓra.
1. Ticraḍ tigejdanin
Amyag n tmaziɣt yella ɣa-s ma ti semxalafen d tayunin iksiḍnint, ayed mas
nettini ticraḍ tigejdanin neɣ ticraḍ tigensanin, ticraḍ-tinunt tasent-d d-es wa
nẓamu ad tid-nekkas nettaf de-sen: (amatar udmawan, d uskim). F. SADIQI
63
Aḥric tesnalɣa
tenna-d : « Askim yettwasileɣ-d seg tergalin d teɣra, ti d leqwaleb ijerrumanen

mani yettemgar uẓar akken ad d-ttwasuddment talɣiwin n taggayin n tseddast»37.
Amyag
Amatar udmawan afeggag
Azar askim
MD:
nedwel
n dwel
dwl ---
G tezrawt-nneɣ ad nemmud manek i ɣa negg tasleḍt f umatar udmawan

syenni ad nedwal ɣa timezra (askim).
37SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 81 «Les schèmes formés de consonnes et de voyelles, ce sont des moules grammaticaux
dont lesquelles les racines sont encastrés pour dériver des formes appartenant à des catégories syntaxiques
donnés. »
64
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1.1. Amatar udmawan

Amatar udmawan n umyag amaziɣ ayed netta i yeskanun bab i ygan
tigawt, yeqqen srid ɣa umyag. Ad t-naf iẓun f caɛed n tagayin:
Udam ameẓwa ayed wi yesawalen.
 Nec : ------ɣ
 Necni : n------
Udam wis sen ayed wi ɣa-s nessawal.
 Cek : t-------d
 Cem : t------d
 Knim : t------m
 Knimt : t-----mt
Udam wis caɛed ayed wi fell-as nessawal.
 Netta : i/y------
 Nettat : t--------
 Netnin : -------n
 Netnint : -------nt
tifelwin-nneɣ nezzun-itent f sen imataren udmawanen n (wasuf /asget).
1.1.1. Talɣa tudmawant

ayed talɣa i yellan ad naf d-es amyag ifetti yid gaɛ udmawen I yellan g
gaɛ timezra.
a) Imyagen n tigawt
Udem Talɣa n umatar Amedya
Ud1 (---ɣ)d adfir taffeɣ
Ud2 Ml (t---d) d tugzimt ad temmatad
Asuf
Ud2 Nt (t---d) d tugzimt ad temmatad
Ud3 Ml (y---) (i---) d azwir yedwal /iḍiɛ
65
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Ud3 Nt (t---) d azwir la tneṭṭa
Ud1 (n---) d azwir La nettezluluɣ

Ud2 Ml (t---m) d tugzimt Tezlulɣem
Asget Ud2 Nt (t---mt) d tugzimt Tezlulɣemt
Ud3 Ml (---n) d adfir Ttalyen-d
Ud3 Nt (---nt) d adfir Ttalyent
GM :
Amatar udmawan udam wis caɛed asuf amlalay yettil s sant talɣiwin :
Talɣa (y----) d ci n tbika s talɣa (i----).
Miggu nedwal ɣa teqbaylit ad naf salem caker yenn-d, imyagen i yella
beddun-sent s sant n targalin tawyen talɣa n (y-----), miggu ayed inid i beddun s
targalt d teɣri tawyen talɣa n (i-----), baṣaḥ gi teznatit inid gaɛ i ybeddun s sant
tergalin tawyen talɣa n (y-----), miggu ayed inid i beddun s tergalt d teɣri yella
ɣa-sen lxetyar jer ayen sant talɣiwin-tinunt.
Md:
dwel yedwel
ḍiɛ iḍiɛ
yḍiɛ
dabdab idabdab
ydabdab
ggig iggig
yggig
Miggu nemmuti ɣa tseka-tu ad naf llan caɛed n talɣiwin n umatar
udmawan:
Talɣa tuzwirt
mani ig yella amatar udmawan ɣa umeẓwa n ufeggag (y/i---; t---; n---).
66
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Talɣa n udfir
mani ig yella amatar udmawan ɣa unaggaru n ufeggag (---n; ---nt).
Talɣa tugzimt
mani i ɣa naf amtar udmawan ɣa umeẓwa d unagaru n ufeggag (t---d; t---
m; t---mt).
Yimataren udmawnen mgaraden g udem wis caɛed asuf d udem wis sen
asget d udem wis caɛed asget mi ɣa nbeddel tawsit, baṣaḥ g udem ameẓwa
asuf/asget wa yetbeddal ci, mi ɣa nbeddel tawsit.
b) Amyag n tɣara
g tantla tazenatit nuwy-d talɣa taḥerfit n umyag, g wanaḍ ɣa udem wis sen
asuf.
Udem Talɣa n umatar Amedya (01) Amedya (02)
Ud1 (---ɣ) d adfir Warɣaɣ Zewɣaɣ
Ud2Ml (t---ḍ) d tugzimt twarɣad tzewɣad
Ud2Nt (t---ḍ) d tugzimt twarɣad tzewɣad
Ud3Ml (y---)- d azwir yewraɣ zeggaɣ
Asuf
(----) d tilemt (y----) (----)
Ud3Nt (t---) d azwir tewraɣ tezwaɣ(t---)
(---yat) d adfir (t---) zeggaɣyat
(---yat)
Ud1 (n---) d azwir newraɣ Nezwaɣ
Ud2Ml (t---m) d azwir twarɣam tzewɣam
Asget Ud2Nt (t---mt) d azwir twarɣamt tzewɣamt
Ud3Ml (---n) d azwir Warɣan zewɣan
Ud3Nt (---nt) d azwir Warɣa nt zewɣant
67
Aḥric tesnalɣa
GM :
G tantala taznatit imataren udmawanen n umyag n tɣara yella mani i
yetmaɛwaṣen yella mani wa tmaɛwaṣen c yid imataren udmawanen n umyag n
tigawt, laxater amyag n taɣra daxetta yettbedil ɛla ḥsab n udem d umḍan d
tewsit.
Amatar udmawan g udem wis caɛed asuf amalay ci n tbika yettas-d amu
(y----) d iksiḍnint tbika yettas-d s talɣa tilemt (----), wu yedwal ɣa :
Miggu tella tussda g umyag yettefɣ-d s talɣa tilemt (-----).
Md: mellel, zeggeɣ, zizzew, ….atg
Miggu wa telli c d-es tussda yettefɣ-d s talɣa n (y----).
Md: yewreɣ, yebeḥken, yuf, …..atg.
Amatar udmawan g udem wis caɛed asuf unti yella ɣa-s sant n talɣiwin n
umatar udmawanen (t---); (---yat), imyagen-ninu ayed inid i ɣa-sen yella talɣa
tilemt g udem wis caɛed asuf amalay.
Md: zeggaɣ (-----) zeggaɣyet (------yet) / tezwaɣ (t-----).
Miggu nemmuti ɣa tseka-tu ad naf llan caɛed n talɣiwin n umatar
udmawan:
Talɣa tuzwirt
mani ig yella amatar udmawan ɣa umeẓwa n ufeggag (y---, t---, n---).
Talɣa n udfir
mani ig yella amatar udmawan ɣa unaggaru n ufeggag (---n, ---nt, ---
yat).
Talɣa tugzimt
mani i ɣa naf amtar udmawan ɣa umeẓwa d unagaru n ufeggag (t---d, t---
m, t---mt).
68
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Talɣa tilemt
ayed talɣa i ygan wa d-es yelli c amatar udmawan i yeskanun f daḥed
itekku taɣara nɛaqlit s umqim ilelli (----).
1.1.2. Talɣa tarudmawant

Ayed talɣa iyellan amyag d-es wa ifetti c yid gaɛ udmawen i yellan, ad d-
es naf:
 anaḍ
 amaɣun
a) Anaḍ
Anaḍ yettafeɣ-d seg urmir manek i d-yenna K. NAIT-ZERRAD38 :
« Anaḍ yettwasalaɣ-d s ufeggag n wurmir miggu yella ayed anaḍ aḥerfi, s
ufeggag n wurmir ussid miggu yella ayed anaḍ ussid ».
Anaḍ ifetti bark yid udem wis sen (asuf/asget).
Amyag n tigawt
Asuf Ud wis 2 (------) ẓẓun
Asget Ud wis 2 Ml (---t) d adfir ẓẓunet
Ud wis 2 Nt (---mt) d adfir ẓẓunemt
GM :
Amatar udmawen n wudem wis sen asget amalay yella ɣa-s ikket n talɣa
tudmawant (---t).
Imataren udmawanen usand gaɛ ɣa uneggaru n ufeggag.
Udem wis sen amalay d unti wa ɣa-sen yelli c amatar udmawan iɛeman
tasan-d s talɣa tilemt (-----).
38 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 25. « L’impératif se construit à partir du thème aoriste (impératif simple) et de
l’aoriste intensif (impératif intensif). »
69
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Amyag n tɣara
Asuf Ud wis 2 (------) Zwwaɣ
Asget Ud wis 2 Ml (---t) d adfir Zewɣet
Ud wis 2 Nt (---mt) d adfir Zewɣemt
GM :
G tantala taznatit asefti n umyag n teɣra g wannaḍ wa yemxalaf f win n
tigawt.
Amatar udmawen n wudem wis sen asget amalay yella ɣa-s ikket n talɣa
tudmawant (---t).
Imataren udmawanen usand gaɛ ɣa uneggaru n ufeggag.
Udem wis sen amalay d unti wa ɣa-sen yelli c amatar udmawan iɛeman
tasan-d s talɣa tilemt (-----).
b) Amatar n umaɣun
Amaɣun ayed talɣa I d-es yettili amyag yerkad s ikket talɣa. f ammu
yenna-d A. BASSET39 « ɣir iksent tantaliwin n tmaziɣt am tatergit d tcelḥit,
amaɣun ayed armeskil g tewsit d umḍan, tella ɣa-s ticreḍt n uzwir y--- d udfir ---
n»
Ad nebbi yeggen umedya ad t-nsefti g umaɣun: amyag yecc.
Amedya Amatar n umaɣun
Ugid i yeccen / yemmuden (y--n)
Tameṭṭuṭ i yeccen / yemmuden (y--n)
Iwdan i yeccen / yemmuden (y--n)
Tisednan i yeccent / yemmudent (y--nt)
39 BASSET (A.), 1952. 22 : « sous les rèserves de quelques parlers berbères à l’instar du touareg et tacelḥit, le
participe est invariable en genre et en nombre, il est uniformèment caractèrisè par les indices y--- prèfixe et --
-n suffixè »
70
Aḥric tesnalɣa
G tantala tazenatit amaɣun iffeti ɛla ḥsab n tmeẓra, miggu ɛla ḥsab
udmawen ittbedil bark g usget unti.
1.2. Askim n tmeẓra

G uḥric-wu ad d-nekkes iskimen n tmezri n yimyagen i yellan g wammud
d ad nemmud tinmegliwin I yellan jer timeẓra-tinunt :
Imizri Imizri ibaw Urmir Urmir ussid
fɣen (--) telli (--i) A nedwel(---) La tneṭṭa (--a-)
nuṣel (u--) tekni (--i) A nesnuqqeb (-u---) La neggu-d (--u)
neqqen (---) ttmata (-a--a) A naḥ (a-) talyen-d (a--)
njemmel (----) yettuṭi (ttu-i) Ad nass(a--) la tẓunen
nelqa (--a) wa sent- Ad deg-s neggig (--i-) (t-u-)
yedebdeb (-a-) netgig Ad ikeyyel (----) Ttefɣen (tt--)
iḍiɛ (-i-) (t-i--) Ad zerbeɛen (----) La nxeddem(----)
yenqeẓẓ (----) Ad deg-s nelqa (--a) Liɣ ttiniɣ-ak (tti-i)
A ten-neẓẓun (--u-) Nettegg-as (tt--)
Ad ifut (-u-) Yettuṭa (ttu-a)
Ad issu (--u) Nettejja-t (tt--a)
Ad teffeɣ (---) La nettzluluɣ
A nɛid (-i-) (tt--u-u-)
Nettebbi (tt--i)
Ntabaɛ (ta-a)
Tamawt f uskim n tmeẓra

1.2.1. Timeẓra n umyag g yimizri
40
Imizri ayed tmezri I yekken taqda. NAIT-ZERRAD (K.) : « Imizri
yessenfalay-–d tigawt yemmden, yettwaxedmen, yeqdan. »
40 NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 39 « Le prétérit exprime un procès achevé, réalisé, accompli. »
71
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Nufu g uskim n yimizri yella ɣa-s talɣiwin tiččuranin tinid i yeɛmant d

talɣiwin tilmawin.
talɣiwin tiččuranin : (u--), (--a), (-a-), (-i-).
Talɣiwin tilmawin : (--), (---), (----).
1.2.2. Timeẓra n umyag g yimizri ibaw

Ayed tmeẓi i yemdan baṣaḥ wa tekki ci.
Nufu g uskim n yimizri ibaw yella d-es bark talɣiwin tiččuranin tinid i
yeɛmant : (--i), (-a—a), (ttu-i), (t-i--).
Tazelɣa n tibawt g teznatit : ad tt-naf s (wa) ssat n umyag d (c), (ci)ɣa
unaggaru n umyag; ci n tbika tettas-d bella (c) taneggarut, (c) tettwagga ɛla ḥsab
wi yessawalen d tusda-nes f awal.
Md :
wa ngig c
wa yetdiɛ ci
wa telli
1.2.3.Timeẓra n umyag g urmir

Urmir yeskanu-d tigawt tarumidt mazal wa tekki ad tekk ɣa ssat. KH.
Madoui41 : « Afeggag n wurmir yemmal-d ma yellan wa nemmid c neɣ wa yeqdi
c, yemmal-d daɣ imal, afeggag n wurmir ddima yezwar-it uzwar amyagan
“ad”.»
Nufu g uskim n wurmir yella ɣa-s talɣiwin tiččuranin tinid i yeɛmant d
talɣiwin tilmawin.
talɣiwin tiččuranin : (-u---), (a-), (a--), (--i-), (--a), (--u-), (-u-), (--u), (-i-).
Talɣiwin tilmawin : (---), (----).
41MADOUI (KH.), 1995 : 70 « Le thème de l’aoriste exprime l’inaccompli, il se refaire aussi au futur comme
valeur temporelle, le thème d’aoriste est toujours précédé de la modalité de non réel. »
72
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Tazelɣa n urmir : tettas-d ssat n umyag tazelɣa “ad”, gi teznatit “ad”

teskanud belli tigawt mazal wa ttwagg ad tekk ɣa ssat.
Md :ad snuqqebɣ.
 Amcalay /a/: amcalay-wu yetfeɣ-neɣ-d miggu yuḍa-d d yid cra n
targlin is ɣa mudant temsertit:
Miggu tuḍa-d yid “N” n udem ameẓwa asget temmud temsertit yid “ad”
ad tuḍa d ad yeqqim amcalay /a/ berk
Md: ad nedwel [ a nedwel ]
Ad nesnuqqeb [ a nesnuqqeb ]
Ad naḥ [ a naḥ ]
Ad nɛid [ a nɛid ]
D miggu tella tamsertit yid targalt t.
Md: ad ten-neẓẓun [ a ten-neẓẓun ]
Ad tenda [ a tenda ]
1.2.4.Timeẓra n umyag g urmir ussid

Urmir yeskanu-d tigawt n yimmu i yellan tekk. K. NAIT-ZERRAD 42 : «
Urmir ussid yemmal-d tigawt n tnumi yettwaεawaden, idumen neɣ n yimmu.»
Nufu g uskim n urmir usid llant d-es talɣiwin tiččuranin tinid i yeɛmant d
talɣiwin tilmawin :
talɣiwin tiččuranin : (--a-), (--u), (tta--), (tt-u-), (ttu-a), (tt--u-u-), (tt--i),
(ta-a).
Talɣiwin tilmawin : (----), (tt-).
Tazelɣa n urmir ussid : tettili s “la” ssat n umyag, ci n tbikka yettased
ssat-nes amyag “illi”
Md: liɣ ttiniɣ-ak.
g usekim n urmir ussid ad naf “tt”
42NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995 : 75 « L’aoriste intensif est utilisé pour indiquer une action habituelle, répétitive,
prolongée ou actuelle. »
73
Aḥric tesnalɣa
lant aṭas n talɣiwin tiččurnin g warmir ussid.

2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin
Ayed ticraḍ i ten-netaɛenni i umyag aḥerfi idegal ayed amyag asuddim. Gi
tmaziɣt llan caɛed n tzamatin n tsudma n umyag :
Aswaɣ
Attwaɣ
Amyaɣ
2.1. Asswaɣ
ayed asuddim i yettili-n s waɛenni n “s” i wadda n tisuddma, “s” n
waswaɣ tettatef-d f umyag aramsuk idewwal ayed amyag amsuk. yenna-d M.
QUITOUT 43 : « Aswaɣ yeskanu-d tamentalt d tnila n tigawt, anamek-is “tigin n
tigin”, asileɣ-is yettili-d s waɛenni n uzwir ‘s’ d yimcalayen-is : s--, ss--, z--, zz--
.»
Amyag aramsuk + “s” n uswaɣ = amyag asuddim amsuk
Nezma ad ti-d-nessiliɣ seg umyag aḥerfi neɣ seg isem.

Seg umyag aḥerfi
Adda n tisuddma Asuddim
Nuqab Ad nesnuqab
Feɣ Ad sufɣen
Debdeb Ad t-nesdebdeb
43 QUITOUT (M.), 1997 : 110 « Le factitif exprime l’idée de causalité ou de transitivité c’est-à-dire du ‘faire
faire’, il se forme à l’aide du préfixe s et de ses variantes phonétiquement conditionnées voici les plus
importantes : s, ss, z, zz. »
74
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Seg yisem
Awal Sawalen
Ufuɣ Sufuɣen
2.2. Attwaɣ
Gi tmaslayt n At Sɛid attwaɣ netsiliɣ-it-id s weɛenni n ticrad (ttw),
44
(ttu),(mm) i waddad n tisudma. F. SADIQI adiki : « Attwaɣ yessenfalay-d
sedd neɣ cra i f tekku tigawt neɣ amussu… »
Attwaɣ nezma ad t-id-nessileɣ seg umyag aḥerfi neɣ seg umyag asuddim
Attwaɣ yettatef-d f umyag amsuk neɣ asemsay yettala-t-id ayed aramsuk
Amyag amsuk neɣ asemsay + ticrdt n uttwaɣ = amyag asuddim aramsuk
Seg umyag aḥerfi

Mja Yettwamja
keffel Yettwakeffel
yecc Yettwacc
uda Yettuṭa
nɣel Yemmenɣel
lqa yemmelqa
Seg umyag asuddim

Amyag n tissudma Asddim
Sufeɣ Yettwasufeɣ
Sexdem Yettwasexdem
Msefraqen ttwamsefraqen
44SADIQI (F.), 1997 : 84 « Le passif exprime le fait que quelque chose ou (quelqu’un subit une action, un
évènement … etc. »
75
Aḥric tesnalɣa
GM:
Attwaɣ gi teznatit yezma ad yettwasuddem seg usudim n uswaɣ neɣ
usudim n umyaɣ
ticreḍt n uttwaɣ (nn) I yellan gi teqbaylit wa d-tt-nufi c g tzenatit.
2.3. Amyaɣ
Ticreḍt n umyaɣ teskanay-d tigawt yeḍran gar sin neɣ uja. F. SADIQI 45 : «
D talɣa tamyagant i d-yessenfalayen tigawgart neɣ ambeddel neɣ amyegli. »
amyaɣ yettwassileɣ-d s uɛenni n : “mm”, “m”.

amyaɣ netsiliɣ-it-id seg umyag aḥerfi neɣ seg umyag asuddim.
amyag aḥerfi neɣ asuddim + ticradt n umyaɣ = amyag asuddim amyaɣ
Seg umyag aḥerfi

ɛawen Mɛawanen
nneɣ Mmenɣen
watan mwatan
Seg umyag asuddim

Sefhem Msefhamen
Sefreq Msefraqen
45 SADIQI (F.),1997 : 97 «Expriment l’idée de la mutualité ou de l’échange. »
76
Aḥric tesnalɣa
GM :
G tzenatit, ticraḍ n umyaɣ wa ktint c.
Tamawt f tecraḍ tsuddimin
G tzenatit llan gaɛ tecraḍ n tissudma, ama d attwaɣ ama d amyaɣ ama d
aswaɣ, aɛni f ayen had ci wu yella daxetta usdukkel jer sant neɣ caɛed n tecraḍ
tisuddimin.
3. Ticraḍ timazzayin
Ayed ticrad i lasgant g umyag nettaqn-it-ent s ujerrid n tuqna ad naf ẓunant f:
 Imqimen iwsilen n umyag
 Tizelɣiwin n tnila
3.1. Imqimen iwsilen n umyag

Ayed imqimen id yezyen ɣa umyag s ujerrid n tuqna amqim-wu yezma ad
yass sssat n umyag neɣ ɣa deffa n umyag, imqimen-ninu ẓunan f sen:
 Amqim awṣil usrid
 Amqim awṣil arusrid
3.1.1. Γa umeẓwa n umyag

Yettassed amqim awṣil ɣa umeẓwa ssat n umyag miggu yus-d ssat-nes:
“ad” n wurmi
77
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Udem Amqim awṣil usrid Amqim awṣil arusrid

Ud1 nec [ay-iẓun] ad yi-iẓun [ayi-ɛwan] ad yi-ɛwan
Ud2 Ml cek [acek-iẓun] ad cek-iẓun [ak-ɛwan] ad k-ɛwan
Asuf
Ud2 Nt cem [acem-iẓun] ad cem-iẓun [akem-ɛwan] ad kem-ɛwan

Ud3 Ml netta [at-iẓun] ad t-iẓun [as-ɛwan] ad as-ɛwan
Ud3 Nt nettat [att-iẓun] ad tt-iẓun [as-ɛwan] ad as-ɛwan
Ud1 necni [aneɣ-iẓun] ad nneɣ-iẓun [aneɣ-ɛwan] ad neɣ-ɛwan
Ud2 Ml knim [aknim-iẓun] ad knim-iẓun [awen-ɛwan] ad awen-ɛwan
Ud2 Nt knimt [aknimt-iẓun] ad knimt-iẓun [awent-ɛwan] ad went-ɛwan
Asget
Ud3 Ml netnin [aten-iẓun] ad ten-iẓun [asen-ɛwan] ad sen-ɛwan

Ud3 Nt netnint [atent-iẓun] ad tent-iẓun [asәnt-ɛwan] ad sent-ɛwan
a) Imqimen iwsilen usriden

Imqimen iwsilen usriden i yellan g udem wis sen (asuf / asget) ayed inid i
yellan ayed imqimen ilelliyen tdawlan ayed imqimen iwsilen.
Imqimen iwsilen usriden i yellan g udem wis sen d udem wes caɛed (asuf
/ asget) tbedilen ɛla ḥsab tawsit, ma d udem ameẓwa wa yettbeddil c.
Idaggal umqim awṣil ɣa umeẓwa n umyag miggu ttussed ssat-nes (ad) n
urmir.
b) Imqimen iwsilen irusriden

G udem ameẓwa asuf wa mxalafen c ilmend n tewsit.
G udem ameẓwa asget wa mxalafen c ilmend n tewsit.
G udem wis caɛed wa asuf wa mxalafen c ilmend n tewsit: netta ad as-
ɛwan, nettat ad as-ɛwan.
Inid i d-yeqqimen mxalafen ilmend n tewsit d umḍan
78
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Udem ameẓwa asuf d wasgat imqimen-nsen kifkif-t usrid d arusrid

nesmgared jer-sen s usemmad miggu ayed amqim arusrid, neɣ s umqim ilelli
miggu ayed amqim usrid.
3.1.2. Γa uneggaru n umyag

Udem Amqim awṣil usrid Amqim awṣil arusrid
Ud1 [iẓun-iyi] iẓun-iyi [iɛwa-yi] iɛwa-yi
Ud2 Ml [iẓun-cǝk] iẓun-cek [iɛwa-yak] iɛwa-yak
Ud2 Nt [iẓun-cǝm] iẓun-cem [iɛwa-yam] iɛwa-yam
Asuf
Ud3 Ml [iẓun-it] iẓun-it [iɛwa-yas] iɛwa-yas

Ud3 Nt [iẓun-itt] iẓun-itt [iɛwa-yast] iɛwa-yast
Ud1 [iẓun-naneɣ] iẓun-naneɣ [iɛwa-yanǝɣ] iɛwa-yaneɣ
Ud2 Ml [iẓun-knim] iẓun-knim [iɛwa-yawǝn] iɛwa-yawen
Ud2 Nt [iẓun-knimt] iẓun-knimt [iɛwa-yawǝnt] iɛwa-yawent
Asget
Ud3 Ml [iẓun-nitǝn] iẓun-niten (nten) [iɛwa-yasǝn] iɛwa-yasen

Ud3 Nt [iẓun-nitǝnt] iẓun-nitent [iɛwa-yasǝnt] iɛwa-yasent
(ntenint)
GM:
Imeqemen iwsilen i yelan g udem wis sen (asuf/asget) ɣa unaggaru neɣ
ɣa umaẓwa n umyag wa mxalafen c ayed igen.
3.2. Tizelɣiwin
Tizelɣiwin n tnila
G teznatit nufu ɣil ikket n tzelɣa n tnila “d”.
Imedyaten i ɣa nucc seg wammud-nneɣ, (ssat n umyag/deffa n umyag).
79
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Ssat n umyag Deffa n umyag

I d-neqqen La neggu-d
Imedyaten : I t-id-xeddmen Yettuṭa-d
I d-tt-tneṭṭa Nedwel-d
GM:
Tazelɣa n tnila g teznatit tezma ad tili ɣa umeẓwa d tezma ad tili ɣa
unaggaru n umyag.
a) Ɣa umeẓwa
Miggu tella tefyirt ayed tibawt.
md: wa d-yusi c.
Miggu tella tefyirt ayed tamassaɣt, yus-d ssat-nes “I ”.
md: i sis-s d-ffɣen.
Miggu yella umyag yefti ɣa urmir s tzelɣa (ad).
md: ad d-yass.
b) Ɣa uneggaru
Miggu yella umyag yefti ɣa urmir ussid s tzelɣa (la).
md: la nettass-d.
Miggu yella umyag yefti ɣa urmir s tzelɣa (la).
md: la neggu-d.
Miggu yella umyag yefti ɣa yimizri.
md: nedwel-d
Tamawt f tecraḍ timazzayin

Tazelɣa n tnila (d) tezma ad d-tbeddel talɣa-nes ad d-tedwal ayed (id),
miggu tedwal ɣa umaẓwa n umyag.
Md: xedmen-d i t-id-xedmen.
80
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Gi tzelɣiwin n tnila nufu belli tameslayt-tu wa ɣa-s telli c tazelɣa “n”

teggan taẓelɣa “n” bark.
 Amsedfer n tecraḍ timazayen ɣa umyag

1/ amyag + amqim + tazelɣa n tnila.
Md: ifɣ-ak-d.
Yusa-d umyag deg tazwara, syen yernna-d umqim awṣil, di tagara tazelɣa
ntnila.
2/ tazelɣa n wurmir + tanzeɣt + tazelɣ n tnila +amyag.
Md: ad si-s d-nas.
Tezwar-d tzelɣa n wurmir (ad) tedfer-itt-id tanzeɣt (si-s), terra-d tzelɣa n
tnila, isegra-d umyag.
3/ amassaɣ + ameqqim + tazelɣa n tnila + amyag.
Md: I it-id-xedmen.
Yusa-d amassaɣ (i) d amezwaru, syen yerna-d umqqim awṣil (it) dtzelɣa n
tnila (id), ɣer tagara amyag (xdmen).
4/ amassaɣ + tazelɣa n tnila + ameqqim + amyag.
Md: I id-itt-tneṭṭa.
Yezwar-d umassaɣ (i) tdefr-itt-id tazelɣa n tnila (id) yerna-d umqim awṣil
(itt) yessegr-d umyag.
81
Ixef wis ukuẓ
Iwuranen
Aḥric tesnalɣa
1. Iwuranen
Ayed iwalacen i yellan gi tmaslayt, wa llin ayed ismawen lan ɣa-sen ticraḍ-
nsen, wa llin ayed imyagen; lan ɣa-sen ticraḍ-nes, manek I tenna G. MOUNIN46
«awalec awuran, ayed awalec i yeskanun tawuri tanseddast n iksidnin
iwalacen.»
Nezma ad d-neẓẓun iwuranen n At Sɛid f sant tewsatin :
 Iwuranen isumranen.
 Iwuranen warisumranen.
1.1. Iwuranen isumranen

Ayed talɣiwin n tutlayt i ten-netaf gi tmaslayet taqnen jer sen yisumar. Nezma
ad ten-neẓẓun f sent tagayin : imezday d yimsugal.
1.1.1. Imezdayen
ayed tizelɣiwin i yetteqqnen jer sen isumar gawen g ikket taggayt tajerrumant.
Neɣ
Md : ad iḥan ɛecrin neɣ tlatin.
Ad s-eggen rebɛa n bidden neɣ xemsa.
Am
Md : immud ɣir am bidden
La
Md : gal la yemmut
1.1.2. Imsugal
nettin-yasen imsugal axater ayed iuranen i yettaggan assaɣ n usagel.
Cra n yimedyaten i nufu gi tameslayt n At Sɛid :
 N wakud
46 MOUNIN (G.), 1974 : 144 « un monème fonctionnel, c’est un monème qui à pour role de marquer la
fonction syntaxique d’autres monèmes. »
83
Aḥric tesnalɣa
“ nhar ”
Md: g ayen nhar immut.
“ melmi ”
Md: melmi i yekka ad ten-yaf dini.
 Iswi
“ Bac ”
Md : anfif g ammas bac lweqt I d-kken waman.
 Turda
“ Miggu ” yettas-d s talɣa n “ mi ”
Md : miggu tinsa, tinsa labas.
Tiqqamt i yefli mi yḍiɛ.
“ Lukan ”
Md : lukan lqan aman, ad d-ten-awyen ɣa tmuḥt.
“ Balak ”
Md : ad raḥen balak ad elqan balak wa leqqun c.
1.2. iwuranen war isumranen

seg yesm-nsen skanun belli wa ggin ci ma yettaqqnen isumranen, teqqnen
anisem ɣa anasli-nes. Nezma ad tneẓẓun f sant tagayin :
 tinzeɣ.
 iwuranen irulmisen.
1.2.1. Tinzeɣ
ayed iwuranen warisumranen ulmisen. Tassend ssat n yismawen neɣ ssat n
yimqimen.
Tafluyt-tu teskanu-d tinzaɣ i yellant g tameslayt n At Sɛid d tawyen i
yeskanun-t :
84
Aḥric tesnalɣa
Tinzaɣ Imcalay- Tay teskanu- Imdyaten

nns d
D Asdukel Ayed iḍman d ifassen.
yid yus-d netta yid-es.
Deg G adeg Kem iqecuḍen I s-illan g ayen efli ?
G ammas-ns.
Gi Mani gi yemmut ayen ifli.
De Ad telqid d-es alef.
ɣa / azan Ad s-nuqben ikket ɣa yikket.
Seg Teffeɣ seg tu ɣa tu.
Sis Yenan-yas tuttef sis-k.
S Yettwaqen s tanut ɣa tanut.
Neɣ / axyer Sag taqbilt neɣ sag ljihet.
Jer Netẓun-iten jer-aneɣ.
Jar Jar igran ad telqid taqeṣrit.
F Tella tbedd f tahga.
Fell Traḥ feell-as.
N / Timesɛiwt Ayen tiqqamt n waman
 Manek i yettafɣen-d imcalayen

Tillin cra imcalayen miggu yutf-d fell-as amqim udmawan awṣil.
D yid-sen
Deg d-es
Seg sis-wen
F fell-ak
Tenzaɣt “ deg ” gi tameslayt n At Sɛid lan ɣa-s kuẓ n yimcalayen.
 Miggu tussad gi umeẓwa n wawal tass-d s umcalay “g”.
 Miggu tussad g ammas n wawal tass-d s umcalay “gi” neɣ “g”.
85
Aḥric tesnalɣa
 Miggu yus-d yid-s amqim awṣil tass-d s umcalay “d”.
1.2.2. Iwuranen irulmisen

ayed iwuranen I ten-nettaf gi tmaslayet wa tbeddilen c ɛlaḥsab tigawt I d-
yesnfalayen umyag neɣ unagraw anemyag.
Nẓun iwuranen-ninu f tagayin :
a) Imerna n wadeg
Imerna n wadeg skanun imukan, gi tmeslayt n At Sɛid nelqa:
Imern n wadeg imedyaten
Da Yella da.
Dadi Nemgaw dadi.
Dini Ad awyen aman ɣa dini.
S ujenna Ad nesnuqeb s ujenne.
S wadday Tassen-d s wadday n yigran.
Ssat Yuffit ssat.
Deffa Miggu nedwel ɣa deffa.
Amen Ysaḥs-it amen.
Jajj Jajj n yigran.
Bara Yella bara n tmuḥt.
Adday Aday n tanut.
Ajenna ṭalgen bidden ajenna.
S ya Ad nezeɣzu s ya d sya.
S yadi A naḥ s yadi, ɣa wamen.
S wamu Ad ten-nawi s wamu ɣa tijent.
S wamen ɣa wamen.
86
Aḥric tesnalɣa
b) Imerna n wakud
imerna n wakud skanun-d akud neɣ lwaqt, fɣen-d seg yismawen n wakud d
waɛenni n yiwsilen imeskanen.
G teznatit nufu imerna-ninu
Imerna n wakud imedyaten
Iḍ-u Iḍ-u wa lin ixidam.
Igmami id-u Ad nedwel igmami iḍ-u.
Inaṭ Yus-d inaṭ.
Ahecca Ahecca a nemgaw.
Igmeḍ uhecca Ad fɣen tamuḥt igmeḍ uhecca.
Aseggas-u Aseggas-u wa ngigg ci twiza.
Aẓɣat Aẓɣat nezaɣzu anu.
Imal ɣa yemmal mi nemgaw.
Zik Wi yexsen ddunit yekka ɣa-s zik
Immu Immu wa ẓemmuɣ ad k-iniɣ.
Liya Wa s-tennid c liya.
Akeb-iḍen Akeb-iḍen ammu ad naḥ.
c) Imerna n tilawt
Imerna n tilawt Imedyaten
Wah Wah amuya.
Yih Yih, a sidi
Maɛlih La guɣ-d maɛlih
Ih Tay tennid ! ih
Nɛam Nɛam, wa k-sellaɣ
Ṣaḥa ṣaḥa.
87
Aḥric tesnalɣa
d) Imerna n tibawt
Imerna n tibawt imedyaten
Walu Walu, ɣil mi d-es tella.
Xaṭi Xaṭi, netta yusi.
Wa jin Wa jin wa naḥ
Uhu Uhu, wa lli xseɣ ad k-iniɣ
Wa..... c (i) Wa yenfaɛ ci
e) Imerna n usurdu neɣ ccek

Imerna n usurdu imedyaten
At ɣimi At ɣimi yeqqim.
Miggu Miggu tinsa.
zman......., zman..... Zman ad ɣzun, zman ad agjen.
Waqila Waqila wa t-ufin c
Balak Balak, wa d-ussin c
Taggrayt
ɣa unagaru n uḥric-wu n teslaḍt n tesnalɣa nezma ad nini belli niwad ɣa
yeswi i nggig ssat-nneɣ mani i nezma ad nemmud tamgerd jar sant tagayin
tigejdanin n umawal amaziɣ isem d umyag.
Lxilaf neɣ tamgerda i yellan jer isem d umag gi tantala taznatit, ayed
temgerd tameqqant tettban-d g talɣa n ticraḍ-nsen (tigejdanin, tisuddimin, d
timazzayin.).
Talɣa n yisem d umyag temgarad; isem yeskanu-t-id ticraḍ-ns tigejdanin
(tawsit, amḍan, addad.) d ticraḍ-niḍnint, ma ayed amyag yeskanu-t-id amatar
udmawan, d ufeggag-ns, d ticraḍ-niḍnint.
88
Aḥric tesnalɣa
89
Taggrayt tamatut
Taggrayt tamatut
Tazrawt-neɣ ayed tin i yutfen g taɣult n tesnilest. Mani i tessawal f usentel
n uglam g uswir asnalɣan, n yikket n tmeslayt n tantala taznatit, ayed tameslayt
n At Sɛid. Mani i ngigg tasleḍt g temsiselt, d tasnalɣa.
G taggara n tezrawt nezma ad nini belli niweḍ ɣa yiswi-neɣ i yellan ayed

aglam d usekkanu n yettewlen d tulmisin n tmeslayt n At Sɛid g uswir n
temsiselt, d win tesnalɣa.
G uswir n temsiselt nufu Ittewlen-ninu:

 Wa ɣa-s llint c tirgalin tizenzaɣin i d-kant seg tirgalin tiggaɣin am: [b],
[d], [g], [k], [t].
 Wa ɣa-s llint c tirgalin tiganculwiɣin am: [g°], [k°],[q°],[ɣ°].
 G ugsusru n yimesla ufayen nufu gi tmeslayt-tu aṭas n tufayin i yellant gi
tmeslayt n At Sɛid am: [ṣ], [ẓ], [ṭ], [ṛ], [m], [w], [b], [l].
 G tmeslayt-tu wa ɣa-s llint c tirgalin tigɣanzaɣin am: [ts], [dz], [tš], [dž].
 Nufu daɣ belli yellan cra n usmeskel gi tmeslayt-tu am:
/r/ /ḥ/, /h/, /ɛ/, /l/, 0.
/g/ /j/.
/k/ /c/.
Tulmisin n tesnalɣa i nufu g tmeslayt n At Sɛid ɛla aḥsab ixfawen i neẓẓun :

 Ixef n yisem
 Nufu ktant tihrayin n usileɣ n usget (ten, in, awan, at, awen, awin).
 Addad amaruz g teznatit wa ɣa-s yelli c azal ameqqan yezma umsiwel
ad ten-yegg neɣ wa ten-yettgi c.
 Isem n wallal wa yettwasilɣ c s “S”.
90
Taggrayt tamatut
 Amqim awṣil n yisem n timmarawt yettwaqen s tenzaɣt “N”, d tenzaɣt

“D”.
 Talɣa n urbib ameskan n ubdar wa telli c, anamek-ns yettas-d s
talɣiwin n urbib ameskan n tiẓin neɣ n waggug.
 Arbib ameskan n tiḍent llant ɣa-s sent talɣiwin, ikket taḥerfit tniḍenḍt
ayed tuddist.
 Ixef n umyag
 Imqimen iwsilin n tenzaɣt gi teznatit tella ɣa-sen caɛed n talɣiwin:
tagezzalt, tazegrart, tazegrart mliḥ.
 Amqim ameskan n tiẓin d win waggug yezma ad yass yid-s
amassaɣ “ayen”, d yezma ad yass iman-nens.
 Amqim ameskan n ubder talɣa-ns wa tilli, yella ɣil anamk-ns id
yettasen s talɣa n umqim ameskan n tiẓin neɣ win waggug.
 Amqim ameskan n tiḍent yettas-d s sent talɣiwin, ikket ayed
taḥerfit tniḍenḍt ayed tuddist.
 Ixef n umyag: talɣa n umyag g teznatit wa yemxalf c talɣiwin n tmaziɣt s

umata, nufu berk g amatar udmawen n umyag n tɣara, udem wis caɛed
amalay llan ɣa-s sent n talɣiwin (y---), d talɣa tilemt (----).
 Amatar n umaɣun ifetti g wunti asget.
 Ixef n yiwuranen
 Ma yeqqnen ɣa talɣa n yiwuranen wa telli c tamgerda tameqqant,
nettat d timeslayin n tmaziɣt s umata.
 Gi tmeslayt-tu n At Sɛid tinzaɣ tassen-d s talɣiwin tigezzalin am: (f,
ɣa, si, d.).
91
Taggrayt tamatut
S wammu nezma ad nini belli nsiweḍ ɣa yiswi-neɣ i yellan ayed asbyen n

yettewlen d tulmisin n tmeslayt n At Sɛid i yellan gi temnaḍt n Timimun
(Gurara), g uswir n temsiselt d tesnalɣa.
G cad leqdic tillin wuguren, ihi daxetta g leqdic-neɣ nemgaw d-sen, g

wagraw n wammud, d wuguren g tasleḍt dax tatt, uguren-ninu ayed :
 Llan cra n talɣiwin n wawalen wa banen c tay gen, mi tella tamserti gar
wawalen.
 Wa lin c leqdicat i yettwaggen f tmaslayt-tu, d mi lan druset.
 Lbeɛd n wannar.
Tazrawt-tu ayed tin i ngigg gi uswir n Master, ad netmenni ad tilli ayed

tnast i ɣa naɛẓem tifelwin n usebas usnan n iksiḍnint tezrawin timeqqanin f
tantala-tu, tantala taznatit.
Ad nessaram ad tilli ayed i ɣa yaɛnin i tutlayt n tmaziɣt s umata, d tantala
taznatit s lxuṣuṣ.
92
Ummuɣ n yidlisen
Ummuɣ n yidlisen
AISSOU (O.), 2008, étude comparée de deux parlers kabyles, (Parler d’Aokas
& d’Irjen), mémoire de magister, Université de Bejaia.
BASSET (A.), 1952, La langue berbère, Oxford University Presse, London.
BERKAI (A.), 2015, Timsirin d yiluɣman n temsiselt / tasniselt, Université de
Bejaia.
BELLIL (R.), 2006, Textes zenetes du Gurara, CNRPAH, Alger.
CHAKER (S.), 1991, “Eléments de prosodie berbère, quelques données
exploratoires”, in Etudes et Documents berbères, N13, Paris.
DUBOIS (J.), 1999, Dictionnaire de linguistique et de sciences de language, Ed.
Larousse Bordas/VUEF, Paris.
IDIR (A.), 2009, Description morphosyntaxique d’un parler Kabyle, (le parler
d’Akfadou région de Bejaia, mémoire de magister, Universitè de Bejaia.
MADOUI (Kh.), 1995, Contribution à la géographie linguistique de la petite
kabylie, mémoire de magistère, Université de Bejaia.
MALBBERJ (B.), 1993, La phonétique, PUF, Paris.
NAIT-ZERRAD (K.), 1995, Grammaire du berbère contemporain (kabyle) :
morphologie, ENAG, Alger.
QUITOUT (M.), 1997, Grammaire berbère (Rifan, Tamazight, Chleuh, Kabyle),
l’Harmattan, Paris.
RABEHI (A.), 1994 : Description du parler d’Aokas ( Ait Mhend), Algérie,
Bejaia. Morphasyntaxe, mémoire de magister, Universitè de Bejaia.
SADIQI (F.), 1997, Grammaire du berbère, l’Harmattan, Paris.
94
Ammud
Ammud
01) Aḍris ameẓwa
1. [Tanut tamǝẓwaḥt i s-d-ffɣǝn waman]

2. [Anǝdwǝl, anǝsnuqeb iki-dǝṭ tanut]
3. [At-nǝsnuqǝb ikǝt ɣa yikket, anemmud igǝn sǝqqaq binathum]
4. [Ayǝn sǝqqaq kǝmmi d-s ɣa nilli ?]
5. [A dǝ-s tilli sǝtta lǝmmitrat, tǝmmanya lǝmmitrat gg sǝqqaq]
6. [Bin ikǝt tanut d yikǝt tanut anaḥ amǝn ya]
7. [Nǝttag-as nǝffad, aywa cad bin tanut d tanut igǝn nǝffad]
8. [Yǝlla yifli gg tǝlla mya n tanut, ɛla ḥsab lǝbɛadǝt n tmuḥt d lebɛadeǝt
yyifli]
9. [ayǝn tanut tamǝẓwaḥt, cad ikket la tnǝṭṭa ɣa yikǝt al waxt-in i d-uṣal ɣa
tmuḥt]
10. [nhar i d-nuṣal ɣa tmuḥt,nuṣal-d ya ɣa tmuḥt, anǝmmud lǝmmajra]
11. [la nǝggu-d s wamǝn la lan gg lard]
12. [la ggun-d talyǝn-d,talyǝn-d al waxt-in i la nǝggarǝb-d ɣa tmuḥt a s-
nǝmmud lǝmmajra]
13. [ayǝn lmǝjra a tt-nǝqqan s tlaxt d yǝḍɣaɣǝn]
14. [iḍin wa ɣa-nǝɣ tǝlli ssima,wa tǝlli c ssima]
15. [waxt-in id-nǝqqǝn ayǝn lǝmmajra as d-s s-is nass ɣa watǝf n tmuḥt]
16. [ad-s nǝggig taqǝṣrit, ḥǝd i tǝgg-as taḥlabt]
17. [ayǝd iggǝn nǝḍɣaɣ am cɣal lmizan]
18. [ayǝn nǝḍɣa ad inuqqab, ad yǝmmud tixubaḍ]
19. [ayǝn txubaḍ ad yas akǝyyal wwaman ad ikǝyyǝl ayǝn txubaḍ]
20. [cad ikǝt txubiṭ ad d-s issǝn kǝmmi i d-s illan]
21. [kǝmmi id-tnǝṭṭa naman,umbaɛd ayǝn naman ad zǝrbǝɛɛan gg tmuḥt]
22.[yǝlla wi yǝgǝn llan ɣa-s ḥawǝl,yǝlla wi yǝggǝn llan ɣa-s drus]
23.[cad iggǝn ad yaff ɛlaḥsab aman i ɣa-s illan]
97
Ammud
24. [bik amǝẓwa anǝɛwa ayǝn naman kullu at-nǝɛwa]

25. [as-nǝggig luḥ at-nǝɛwa ad-s nǝlqa ihi kǝmmi naman i d-s illan]
26. [at-nǝẓẓun atǝn-nǝfqa, ammin is-itinin ḍarb]
27.[ad sufɣǝn, ihi ayǝn nǝfli-wu ihit-cayu kǝmmi n lḥǝbt naman]
28.[waxt-in it-njǝmmǝl gaɛ gg mkan ad-s nǝlqa mya lḥǝbt]
29.[nǝcni ad-nas anǝlqa lqum n tmuḥt tǝlla ɣa-sǝn tǝlt myat ḥǝbba]
30.[annal ayǝn mya ff ayǝn tǝlt mya, Wu llant ɣa-s mya as-nucc mya]
31.[Cad iggen ɛlaḥsab ayǝn txubiṭ i nǝɛddǝl gg ayǝn tǝḥllabt]
32.[ aman i ɣa-s illan]
33.[ayǝd manǝk i la tẓunǝn iflan]
34.[nǝttǝg-as tiṭ yifli, ayǝn-tǝn ig sǝg tǝfɣǝn aman]
35.[sǝg ayǝn tiṭ la nxǝddǝm ya lliɣ tiniɣ-ak]
36.[cag ikǝt as-nǝmmud nǝffad ɣa yikǝt ayǝd tanutin ya]
37.[nǝcni amkan i nǝlqa lǝrḍ tuɛa yǝttuṭa-d ff biddǝn, larḍ wa tǝkni, larḍ
hamacyǝt]
38. [nǝdwǝl-d at-nǝqqǝn ayǝd lmǝjra at-nǝqqǝn s yǝḍɣaɣǝn d tǝllaxt]
39.[at-nǝṣḍabḍab ad iffut gg ayǝn nǝffad la yǝḍabḍab ya wa tmatad c aman]
40.[amkan i gg nǝlqa lǝrḍ ṣḥiḥyǝt ayǝd aḍɣaɣ wa yǝttuṭi c nttǝjat amǝn ya
iɛɛǝra.]
41. [la ggun waman ɣir kǝss ff tanut atǝmmatad aman, wa s-nǝttǝgig ya gaɛ
lmǝjra]
42. [ad-asǝn ɣa jajj n tmuḥt ayǝd adday,tǝlla gg waxbu ɣa wazlulaɣ]
43. [ayǝn tiṭ tǝffaɣ-d s ljihǝt llǝjbǝl la ntǝzlulɣ s-is al tamuḥt]
44. [ad-tǝɛdǝl ayǝd tiɣuni al miɛad tijǝnt-tǝns ad yǝggu tijǝnt]
45. [kul yum sǝg bǝkri ɣa bǝkri ad yass ad yǝlqa tijǝnt-tǝns tǝɛma s waman]
46. [ad iraḥ ad illǝg gg iga-nǝs ad issu sǝjjur-nǝs d tizayin-nǝs]
47. [miggu ayǝd lǝxdmǝt i yǝggǝn tǝkta ifli yǝɛni idiɛ mǝlliḥ ad yǝkka
ubariḥ gg tmuḥt]
48.[atǝffaɣ gaɛ midǝn ɣa yayǝn nǝfli yumayǝn tǝlt yam waxt-in i tid-xǝdmǝn]
98
Ammud
49. [miggu ayǝd ɣil lxǝdmǝt n ukkab, cag mara anɛiḍ i yiksǝn ad xǝdmǝn]
50. [ad raḥǝn ad assǝn iniḍnin, ad raḥǝn ɛla xiṛ]
51. [nǝffudat la qaḍǝn ya s zman, nǝcni ɣil ntǝbbi cal]
52. [mâ ɛǝmri wa nǝlqi gg ayǝn saɛa-tu, makan c]
53. [qlil wi ɣa nǝnḍa yǝfli,nǝttǝbaɛ ɣil ma yǝlla yǝfli la yǝḍḍiɛ]
54. [bac mi yǝnqǝẓ nǝɣ ci, bac ad zaydǝn aman]
55. [tǝlla lḥǝbbǝt yǝlla nǝṣ yǝlla tulttayǝn yǝlla tǝlt yǝlla aqiṛaṭ(ḍ)]
56. [cag 24 aqiṛaḍ ayǝd lḥǝbbǝt, ayǝd manǝk i nffqa nǝcni lḥǝbbǝt]
57. [4 n lǝqṛaṛṛǝṭ ayǝd sudus, sǝn i d sudus ayǝd tǝlt]
58. [Tǝllata id sudus ayǝd nǝṣ, 4 id sudus ayǝd tulttayǝn n lḥǝbbǝt]
59.[6 id sudus ayǝd lḥǝbbǝt, Sǝtt sdas ayǝd 24 qiṛaṭ]
60. [llan iflan igǝn mun, llan iflan i nid i la nǝdda]
61. [iḍin tinin-nanǝɣ-d tǝlla da366 nifli, wa layǝnni iḍu wa tǝlli]
62. [iḍu yalla da-di ɣa-nnǝɣ 12-13 yyifli,ayǝd kǝmmi]
02) aḍris wis sen

ifli47
1. [ ifli, manǝk immud ?]
2. [ad ǝɣzun ikkǝt tanut dadi, ]
3. [ad iḥan ɛǝcrin neɣ tlatin mitra ad aɣzun ikkǝt niḍnin.]
4. [ikkǝt f iddis n ikkǝt sag ikkǝt kǝm i tǝbɛad f tanut niḍnin. ]
5. [ad aɣzun, lwǝqt i waslǝn tamal a s-nuqbǝn ikkǝt ɣa ikkǝt.]
6. [illa ifli a talqid des alǝf tanutin, nǝɣ 500. Illa win n 50,]
7. [win ɛǝcrin tanutin. Sag ifli ɛla ḥsab timɣaṛ-ǝns.]
8. [manǝk illa mǝqqa ad sǝlkǝn waman.]
9. [tanut tamǝẓwaḥ a tǝlqid g lɛumq-ǝns 40 illa 50 mitra. ]
47 BELLIL (R.), 2006. 35.
99
Ammud
10.[a taẓǝḍ ɣa tinǝṭ a tǝlqid 39 nǝɣ 38 mitra alǝmɛad i d-wǝṣlǝn ɛla wǝjh
lǝṛḍ, ]
11.[ggun waman f laṛḍ. Iwa, dinni, a taf tiɣuni.]
12.[sag tɣuni ad iqqen ifli amǝqqan, ]
13.[ittaf amǝqqan suɣṛu.]
14.[ad iqqǝn amǝqqan s barra n tmuḥt ad yattǝf ɣa tmuḥt.]
15.[lwaqǝt mi yuttǝf ɣa tmuḥt, ]
16.[ad ggǝn taqǝṣrit ad ẓunǝn. ]
17.[sag taqbilt nǝɣ sag ljihat a tawi lǝḥq-ǝns : ]
18.[ɛǝcra tixbuḍin, ad tǝlqid ɛǝcrin, 15,5... ɛla ḥsab ṣwarda-nsǝn.]
19.[sag iggǝn kǝm tǝxbuḍin illan g tqǝṣrit tamǝẓwaḥt.]
20.[ad ṛaḥǝn ɣa wamǝn wa niḍnin ad ẓunǝn. ]
21.[sag mkan i waṣlǝn ad ẓunǝn, ]
22.[ad mudden ikkǝt taqǝṣrit.]
23.[jar igran a tǝlqiḍ taqǝṣrit. ]
24.[sag iggǝn ad yaf lǝḥq-ǝns: ]
25.[wa tǝlla ɣa-s 10 iqǝcḍan, wa 5, wa 4 ɛla ḥsab lwǝrt. ]
26.[tǝlqa la tuttǝf ayǝn tɣuni ɣa igga, ]
27.[tǝmmud d-ǝs tijjǝnt. ]
28.[tijjǝnt tǝɛdǝl s tlaɣt. ]
29.[illa ɣa-s anfif i s-tǝllǝg. ]
30.[sag anfif a tǝllǝg ɣa tahga ad raḥǝn wamǝn ɣa igǝmunǝn i ɣa fǝlḥǝn.]
31.[ay d manǝk.]
32.[lwǝqt itḍiɛ dax-ta ay d manǝk tǝlla ɣa-s tǝlt iyyam g lɛam tawiza. ]
33.[a tǝxdam gaɛ biddǝn, ]
34.[am wu ɣa ma illa am wu ɣa wa yǝlli. ]
35.[mbaɛd tǝlt iyyam ad bdan lqum tiqamt. ]
36.[akǝb n aman tmuddǝn-tǝn (sbisyal) tiqamt i yǝfli mi yḍiɛ.]
37.[sag ifli a s-ǝggǝn rǝbɛa biddǝn nǝɣ xǝmsa i xǝdmǝn labas aɛli-hum, ]
100
Ammud
38.[ad ɛǝdlǝn ad muccǝn ayǝn aman. ]

39.[nhar i ḍiɛǝn ad fɣǝn ayǝn lqum ad ɛǝdlǝn ayǝn ca wu. ]
40.[a s-is kǝmlǝn tiqqamt, ]
41.[ad fɣǝn lqum ad jǝmɛǝn daɣ s iqǝcudǝn. ]
42.[gal ɛǝcṛa alaf i wqǝcud, 15 alaf i iwqǝcud. ]
43. [kǝm iqǝcudǝn i s-illan g ayǝn ǝfli ? ]
44.[illa ifli m illa mya iqǝcudǝn illa wǝn 70, ]
45.[illa wǝn 200... ɛla ḥsab iflan.]
46.[ad jǝmɛǝn dax ayǝn ṣwarda, ]
47.[ad muddǝn ixidǝn i ɣa nǝxdǝm ayǝn ifli. ]
48.[ay d manǝk s-iṣsir.]
49.[g ayǝn nhaṛ immut ifli ad siwlǝn gaɛ bidǝn. ]
50.[gal ifli illa immut. ]
51.[xaṭǝr ifli immud ɣir am bnadǝm.]
52.[tǝlla d-ǝs tamǝgna, ]
53.[llan ɣa-s ifassǝn, ]
54.[llan ɣa-s iḍman tǝlla ɣa-s tadist, ]
55.[llant ɣa-s tinsa... Amkan i s-ibda ay d tamǝgna-as. ]
56.[g ammas ay d iḍman d ifassǝn, itǝbǝɛ ]
57. [amuya am bnadǝm. ]
58.[lwǝqt iḍiɛ ifli aman-ns, ]
59.[a k-innin biddǝn “ifli la yǝmmut ”. ]
60.[ad iṭwabi uganga d uqǝllal, ]
61.[ad iṭwawǝt : “lɣit-ǝt, lɣit-ǝt ! iwa, ussit-ǝd ɣa ifli la yǝmmut” ]
62.[gaɛ la tsǝwlǝn biddǝn : “ mani gi yǝmmut ayǝn ifli, g iḍman-ǝns nǝɣ
tinsa-ns nǝɣ tamǝgna-ns ? ”.]
63.[gal la yǝmmut gi tmǝgna-ns. ]
64.[ah ! tamǝgna tuɛa axwati. ]
65.[illiq ṣḥaḥ, biddǝn usbiḥǝn, ]
101
Ammud
66.[tanut tuɛa.]
67.[miggu tinsa, tinsa labas. ]
68.[ḍyaɛ n tinsa labas wi d-yusǝn ad isǝllǝk. ]
69.[u baṣaḥ tamǝgna ula tadist ula iḍman, ]
70. [ad ixǝṣ biddǝn lɛuqal i ɣa nǝgsa. ]
71. [wa gi wu d-yusǝn ad igsan.]
72.[xatǝr illa ifli yǝɛḍa, ]
73. [illa ifli yuɛa, ]
74. [illa ifli ihwǝn wa gi wu d-yusǝn ad igsa.]
75. [Jar tanut tu niḍnin ittaf anfad (mi taxsǝd s taɛrabt : tamǝl).]
76. [wah, nǝkḍǝn-t a tǝffǝɣ sgi tu ɣa tu, ittaf anfad. ]
77. [illa ɣa-s iggǝn unfif g ammas bac lwǝqt i d-kkǝn waman wa yǝtḍiɛ
ci.]
78. [aman la tǝffɣǝn ɣa-s ɣir akǝb akǝb wa tǝḍiɛǝn.]
79. [illa dax-ta ifli i mi llan iqqulan. ]
80. [a tǝlqiḍ tǝlla d-ǝs ikkǝt lmǝjra. ]
81.[mbaɛd ad tǝbɛǝn aman mani g illan ad ẓunǝn f sǝnt a tǝlqiḍ yuli ɣa
lqǝblǝt, ]
82.[ mbaɛd ad idwǝlla ɣa-s. Iwa, ]
83.[a tǝlqiḍ sǝn iqqulan am bunadǝm-ya. ]
84.[iggǝn irraḥ ɣa wammu igiḍǝn ɣa wammu. ]
85.[sag aqqul mani lqan aman la tǝbɛǝn-tǝn alǝmɛad i d-ṣǝwṣlǝn aman ɣa
tmuḥt.]
86.[llan iflan dax-tnin taffen isǝmamǝn, ]
87.[aman-nsǝn sǝmamǝt, ]
88.[tǝlla d-sǝn tisǝnt. Maɣa? ]
89.[tassen-d s aday n igran. ]
90.[ayǝn iflan-innin ɣir iẓiman n igran. ]
91.[ad ẓǝɣzǝn ad ǝlqan iẓiman n igran.]
102
Ammud
92.[iwa, taffǝn aman-ǝns sǝmum ḥǝq iẓiman. ]

93.[ayǝd ɣir ayǝn iṭǝlgǝn biddǝn ajǝnna ad dǝwlǝn gsan gi tanutin. ]
94.[ad dewlǝn iẓiman, aman-nsǝn sǝmamǝn. ]
95.[ittaf amuya isǝmamǝn.]
96.[la ṣǝlḥǝn ayǝn aman isǝmamǝn i cci lǝḥwayǝj am tazzayt, xizzu,
lǝbṣǝl ]
97.[ma d- itǝnkarǝn s ajǝnna larḍ wa yǝnfaɛ ci. ]
98.[bla tizzayin. U bǝssaḥ, ]
99.[ma d-itǝnkarǝn s adu larḍ gaɛ nǝfɛǝnt.]
100. [illa lwǝqt alǝmɛad nǝqsǝn waman.]
101. [ad iḍiɛ ifli a t- tǝbɛǝn a t-xǝdmǝn gaɛ a t-ǝlqan wa li yɣut ula d
aman.]
102. [ad zǝydǝn tanutin s ujǝnna n tmǝgna. ]
103. [rǝbɛa, xamsa sǝtta tanutin, alɛcra gaɛ.]
104. [a t-ǝdwǝl ayǝn tmǝgna ayǝd iḍman-ya ]
105. [tamǝgna n ifli a tǝkka s ujǝnna-ya ]
106. [bac ad dǝɛmǝn waman ɣa tanut.]
107. [ay d manǝk.]
03) Aḍris wis caɛed

Tawiza48
1- [tawiza, nṭǝmmud-it i yǝfli, i tidrǝn, i kulci.]
2- [nhar immut ifli, ]
3- [ad itǝwwǝt uqǝllal a tiɛiḍǝn : “alɣitu, lɣita” ]
4- [ɣir a tǝslǝd i wqǝllal d uganga a tǝsnǝd ifli la yǝmmut, ]
5- [biddǝn gaɛ ad fɣǝn ad raḥǝn ɣa yǝfli. ]
6- [tǝlla lxǝdmǝt n yumayǝn, ]
48 BELLIL (R.), 2006, 57.
103
Ammud
7- [tin n tǝlt iyyam, simant, ɛǝcr iyyam... ayǝd tawza.]

8- [tawiza n tidrin dax-tat, ]
9- [ad yili iggǝn isuggu ad iska tiddaḥǝt-ǝns. ]
10- [Iwa, ṣwarda wa llin, wa yzǝmmu ad isitǝf ixidamǝn. ]
11- [g ayen lwǝqt, ntǝg tawiza, ]
12- [nǝtɛawan jar-anǝɣ, ]
13- [ḥad itɛawan ḥad a nsǝllǝk tidrin-naɣ.]
14- [lyamat imǝẓwa, ]
15- [cǝk d aytma-k twǝjdǝm-d uṭṭub d tlaɣt. ]
16- [nhar tsakka, nhar amǝẓwa i tmǝnḍa tsakka,]
17- [a tǝwjǝd tixsi a tɣas tixsi tamǝqqant d tuṣbiḥt.]
18- [ad iɛiḍ gaɛ i tmuḥt gi tmǝzgida, ]
19- [ad yinni i biddǝn f ahǝca a tǝnḍa tasǝl-ya. ]
20- [ad assǝn kul tmuḥt, mǝqqa mǝẓẓi.]
21- [ayǝn tixsi a t-ǝccǝn ayǝd ǝlfṭuṛ-nsǝn ad skǝn ayǝn nhar.iwa.]
22- [axtini tamuḥt gaɛ a tǝjmaɛ tǝmmud lfaydǝt tamǝqqant. ]
23- [nhar daɣ aṣḍǝbḍǝb, a sǝn-nɛiḍ ad assǝn. ]
24- [nhar i tǝlla ɣa-k lxǝdmǝt a sǝn-tɛiḍǝd ]
25- [gi tmǝzgida “ḥir-awǝn, aǝca ay d tawiza n tidrin.” Ad assǝn.]
26- [tǝlla daɣ tawiza n igran. ]
27- [gi tubǝr, nhar i ɣa nǝkkaz imǝndi ula xiẓẓu,]
28- [lḥajja tamǝqqant g igran, ]
29- [ntǝmmud tawiza. ]
30- [gal : “ ḥira-wǝt ahǝca, flan la ysuggu ad ikkaz.”]
31- [iḍu a nnaḥ ɣa wu, ]
32- [ahǝca annaḥ ɣa mmi-s n ɛǝmmi, ]
33- [nǝɣ a ljiran-inu.]
34- [ayǝd manǝk i tǝmmud tawiza.]
104

Aglam N Tmeslayt N at Sɛid

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Tasdawit Ɛebderreḥman Mira n Bgayet

Tamezdayt n tsekliwin d tutlayin

Aglam n tmeslayt n At Sɛid

Sɣur : S lmendad n Mass :

Aseggas Asdawan 2015-2016

Ba d yemma ad sen-yeszeggat Rebbi g wussan-nsen, ad ten-yejj Rebbi ɣa-

Ad as-nini talemmiḥt tameqqant i Mass HAMEK Brahim i d-yellan s

Talemmiḥt i yiselmaden gaɛ n tmaziɣt i neɣ-d-yuccen, d niwwi-d fell-asen

Talemmiḥt i yemdukal-inu gaɛ, d cra win i neɣ-d-yuccen afus n leɛwin

Talemmiḥt i yinelmaden d yiselmaden n tesga n tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt

II. Aḥric n tesnarrayt

III. Aḥric n temsiselt

IV. Aḥric n tesnalɣa

1.1.1 Tawsit .............................................................................................................. 35

1.1.1.1. Ismawen i yellan tawsit...................................................... 36

1.2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin ............................................................................. 44

Ixef wis sen: Imqimen

Ixef wis caɛed: Amyag

2. Ticraḍ tisuddimin ................................................................................. 74

3. Ticraḍ timazzayin .................................................................................. 77

Ixef wis ukuẓ: Iwuranen

VI. Ammuɣ n yidlisen ....................................................................................... 94

VIII. Ammud .................................................................................................... 97

Ameẓwa g mezruy i yessudan taznatit ayed Iben xaldun lwaqt i yẓun

G tezrawt-nneɣ ad nemmud tasleḍt f tmeslayt n At Sɛid i yellan g tantala

Macca neẓwa uqbel s uswir n temsiselt bac ad d-nessawed ad d-nessen tulmisin i

Iswi agejdan i nettqel-as s deffa n usentel-wu ayed aglam n talɣiwin i

Nemmud tazrawt-nneɣ s teznatit bac aɣref aznati ad yessen belli tantala-

Wa lint c aṭas n tezrawin i yettwaggent f tantala taznatit. Nufu berk leqdic

Miggu tizrawin n uglam i yettwaggent f usentel-wu g tantaliwin-niḍnint

Bac ad nezma ad nal f tmukrist-tu neḍfer tarrayt n uglam n tmeslayt axaṭer

1. Asissen d ufran n usentel

TEXTES ZENETES DU GOURARA ” i yemmud BELLIL Rachid g useggas n

3.2. Asissen n temnaḍt 1

Bidden i d-es ɛman ẓunen f iɣamawen iksen iɣamawen ssawalen taɛrabt

iɣamawen sawalen taznatit d ayed mani ig tella taɣiwant ayed znata am At

Tamuḥt-tu ayed tin i yettwassnen s yinijiwen i d-yettasen sag amkan imi

3.3. Asissen n umsulɣu

Tarrayt i netbaɛ bac ad nessiwaḍ ɣa yiswi-neɣ tella amu, ad nucc tamuɣli-

1.1. Anagraw n aniɣri

BERKAI3 : « d kraḍ n teɣra i yellan deg tutlayin akk yettwssnen : i, a d- u Mi

Azal amsislan n teɣra

3BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 08.

1.3. Anagraw n tergalin

5 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 08.

8 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 18

[gw] [ɣw] » tennad daxettat G. MOUNIN10 « tiganculwiɣant ayed asegsa n sen

poussèe de la racine de la langue dans la région du pharynx. »

13BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 16

2.1. Tamsertit jajj n wawal

2.1.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat (R1+R2=R1)

2.1.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa (R1+R2=R2)

15 BERKAI (A.), 2015 : 25

2.2. Tamsertit g wuddus

2.2.1. Tamsertit ɣa ssat (R1+R2=R1)

2.2.2. Tamsertit ɣa deffa (R1+R2=R2)

d’un autre segment qui le suit immédiatement. »

[s], [ṣ]: g wammud-nneɣ wa nufi c tiyugiwin taddayin jer-asen, basaḥ ad d-nuc

3.1.2. Awennet f tesleḍt i nemmud i yimeslicen

3.2. Asismel n unagrawn tergalin n tantala taznatit gi tefluyt

F ammu nezma ad ninni tasnalɣa tesbarus f ticraḍ n wawal amaziɣ s

G uḥric-wu nẓun-it f ukuẓ n yixfawen, mani i neglam-d cad tayunt f

1.1. Ticraḍ tigejdanin