Parental Involvement Among Low-income Filipinos: A Phenomenological Inquiry

By Aileen S. Garcia (May, 2018)

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/304/#:~:text=Data%20analysis%20showed%20that
%20Filipino,extant%20literature%20on%20parental%20involvement

Effects of Families Income on Students Academic Achievement

From Amirah Farzan
https://farzanasite.wordpress.com/edu-696/effects-of-families-income-on-students-academic-
achievement/

The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path

By Zahra Zahed Zahedani, Rita Rezaee, Zahra Yazdani, Sina Bagheri, And Parisa Nabeiei
(July, 2016)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927255/

1. PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT
Garcia (2016) based on her study; she interprets parental involvement as an integral component
of young children’s academic achievement. She stated that one of the factors that hinders
parent’s involvement is because of low-income. Most Filipino parents are not equipped with
skills to support their children’s education.
a. Family Income – A family income refers to the combined gross income of all members of a
household. In the study made by Farzan, she stated there that some students from low-income
family have difficulties to understand or learn as fast as others. For the reason that their parents
may not help them at home.
b. Perceived Parenting Styles – (Definition from Springler) Parenting style is conceptualized as
a constellation of attitudes or a pattern of parental authority towards the child which are
conveyed to the child, creating the emotional context for the expression of parent behavior.
Based on the study conducted by Zahra Zahed Zahedani et. Al (2016), the relationship of parents
with their children or parenting style serves multiple purposes. It played a vital role on the
child’s Moral and psychological training, identification, growth and development of talents,
skills and academic achievement.

2.