Big data: Game changer for Government

Session -10

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Case 1: RIO Olympics
Rio Olympics: Sensors, big data to be the next revolution (Report: 2016)

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▪Rio Olympic world used the technology innovation in areas such as virtual reality, big
data, advances in cloud computing technology improvement in connectivity the
proliferation of internet of things and payment innovation.

▪Almost 20% of the (i.e.$2.25 billion) total budget the Rio Olympics Organizing
Committee announced for the games was remarked to implement information
technology and telecommunication solutions.

▪Almost 250 companies, including Atos, Cisco, América Móvil, EMC, Omega, Panasonic,
Samsung and Symantec, have provided different levels of technology to build the entire
infrastructure, the committee’s CIO Elly Resende told RCR Wireless News.

▪Omega has introduced the Scan-O-Vision MYRIA camera that can produce 10,000
images per second for a photo finish.

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 Rio 2016 and Big Data
▪In Rio Sensor systems are being used in nearly every sport so that in-venue spectators, viewers and
supporters can judge for themselves whether the athletes are higher faster and stronger than before.
▪The City of Rio is using IoT is to help to transform the Porto Maravilha region into an innovative and
creative industry hub by turning the entire area into a living lab.
▪15 smart services are already up and running allowing citizens and visitors to connect and engage more
with the smarter city.
▪Vast real time data will be generated across athletics, Cycling, Diving, Golf, Rowing, Tennis and other
events in fact, providing detailed insights into how athletes are performing against their opponents.
▪Data Analytics has been used to target training, limit risk of injury, understand boundaries, predict trends
and select the right teams.
▪Near-field communication (NFC) technology is highlighted at the Rio
Olympics.

▪As the official partners of the game Visa and Brazilian bank Bradesco
have launched ‘contactless bracelets’ enabling visitors of the game to pay
for goods and services that they want with just show of their band.

▪These bracelets use Near Field Communications (NFC) technology and

will be compatible with all 4,000 payment terminals at venues throughout
the Games.

▪Visa and Brazilian bank Bradesco had trial a bracelet equipped with NFC
for payments. It was the first payment wearable launched for the Brazilian
market.

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▪General Electric has been using big data technology to help athletes improve their technique, and
as a result physical performances improve.

▪“All the information collected is transmitted to a host system that operates in the cloud on GE’s
platform.
▪cloud-based version of GE Healthcare’s Centricity Practice Solutions (CPS) as the official
electronic medical records (EMR) keeper is been used for medical purpose.
▪Moving these records into the cloud eliminates the need to transferring papers around the globe
in order to monitor athletes’ health.
▪is more practical, safer and much more efficient.
Indian Government Initiatives for big data

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Source: IBM report
 1. Water supply

▪The Kerala Water Authority (KWA) of the Government of Kerala is using IBM’s Analytics
and Mobility solutions
✓to analyse, monitor and manage water distribution in its capital – Thiruvananthapuram.
✓Providing equitable water supply to all the households is a challenging task and due to
various reasons such as bad pipelines and unauthorised use of water, water supply is
not easily accessible to the city.
✓ KWA is tracking the water meters across the city.
✓It resulted in improved revenue collection.

▪With the Big Data solutions, KWA aims to achieve 100% success in equitable water supply
with the ability to monitor and flag irregularities in water usage using sensors and
intelligent meters.

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 2. Goods flow

▪Goods Flow:
✓To see the flow of goods and how the trade is carried out in India, it had leveraged
the GST network.

✓ By analysing the transaction level data made available by the Goods and Services
Tax Network (GSTN).

✓ To track the number of people migrated across the country every year using big
data by using some unreserved railway passengers data, over a period of five years.

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 3. Project Insight
▪Project Insight: As reported earlier, the Indian Government launched a project called
Project insight in 2017, to catch tax evaders.

▪The project leveraged data mining techniques and analyzed the data to achieve its
objective of a corruption-free country.

▪To get information about the black money, it tracked down 50,000 entities that were in
existence despite being deregistered.
▪News reports cited MoS for Corporate Affairs mentioning the details from banks, which
comprised 50,000 deregistered companies deposited and withdrew about Rs 17,000 crore
during demonetization.
▪AI and ML were leveraged to find patterns and trends in these bank accounts, to flag other
accounts.

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Benefits realization of big data for Tax Agencies
▪A national tax authority wanted to reduce the time it took to complete audits. The
organization deployed big data analytics to enable employees to complete complex audits
more efficiently.
▪The system generates reports approximately 12 times faster than before to provide near-real-
time access to information and provides the ability to rapidly perform ad hoc queries.
▪A regional tax authority was seeking ways to close its tax gap. The agency, which processes
more than 24 million business and personal tax returns and collects more than USD90 billion
in tax revenues annually, deployed big data analytics to help it better determine which cases
should be audited and investigated before refunds were issued.
▪Initial results in the first year included a seven percent increase in collected tax revenue and
the recovery of USD83 million in delinquent taxes.
 4. Transport:
▪In India, some of the ITS projects have been initiated in cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune,
Mysore and states like Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

▪The aim is to increase transparency in day-to-day government’s functioning through big

data.
➢Reduce project costs: Big data presents opportunities to identify problems, analyse and reduce project
costs, leading to better transportation asset utilization and making the most of transportation structure.
➢Incident management: Tracking location of buses and passengers enables preventative maintenance and
avert potential threat. Pinpointing locations of accidents or vehicle breakdown is important to handle the
emergency situations.
➢Promotes reliability on transports: Increased efficiency and improved forecasting promotes reliability on
transports.
➢Reduced waiting time for passengers helps in increasing the passenger base.
➢Reduce traffic congestion by optimization of routes

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Road ahead
Addressing the challenges

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 challenges

Challenge 1: Managing a large data set Data analyzed and collected by police departments might be
obtained from various sources like state governments, central government, local sources or some private
agencies which may be of different formats.
Challenge 2: Domain knowledge of analyst Crime analysis works well when analysts have streamlined
process methodology and substance. If the information provided by analysts fails to assist with actual
police operations, the crime analysis process breaks down.
Challenge 3: Adequate analytical capabilities make sure that the analytical team possesses latest software
systems, updated knowledge bases, statistical programs and geographical information systems.
Challenge 4: Effective communication between analyst and officers Analysts should be able to interpret
situations and modify the analytical observations on the basis of response from the officers.
Challenge 5: Guidelines on decision making Officers should also be empowered to act on real time
information as received and processed by the analyst to derive meaningful insights.

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More efforts to tap the potential of big data analytics, especially in the social welfare
sphere, are needed.

The bottlenecks needed to be overcome are:

(i) not much (big) data is being collected and stored in India (leaving a few segments,
such as, scientific community with space and weather data),
(ii) accessibility to expensive platforms (hardware and software needed, though open
source can be deployed) is limited,
(iii) efforts are needed in the direction of preparing policies and legal frameworks
covering issues such as responsibility for collection, storage, and preservation, protection
from illegal use, ownership of the data and (extent of) freedom to share with others, etc.

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Prime Minister's farmer soil health card is an initiative which could provide extremely valuable data in future
contributing to the nation's food security.
Similar schemes are also needed for our other national natural resources, such as:
(i) monitoring (underground and surface) water availability, usage, and its preservation in India,
(ii) rainfall harvesting activities and potential,
(iii) land and its (current and possible) usage across the country,
(iv) forest areas monitoring,
(v) wildlife data,
(vi) air quality data from cities (recent media reports indicate Delhi as the most polluted city in the World,
now since a few years),
(vii) wind farming potential, and so on.

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On the human development index front, -
▪ monitoring of diet and health data (including disease spread and control, vaccinations, etc), levels
and
▪ adequacy of nutrition intakes in society,
▪ education (availability and usage),
▪ transport (needs, trends, and consumption),
▪ electricity (generation, distribution, shortages, losses, etc), provide scope for exploiting big data
applications for big gains.

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Must Read this article / case
https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/files/big-data-compilation.pdf

https://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/case-government-investment-analytics