OEO117080 LTE eRAN6.0 MIMO Feature ISSUE 1.00

LTE eRAN6.
0 MIMO
Feature
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 LTE MIMO feature include:
 Benefits Provided by MIMO
 Classification of MIMO in eRAN2.1
 UL MIMO
 DL MIMO
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the benefits provided by MIMO
 Describe the function of UL MRC and IRC receiver
 Describe the function UL MU-MIMO
 Describe the DL MIMO mode
 Describe adaptive switch of DL MIMO
Contents
1. MIMO Feature Overview
2. UL MIMO in eNodeB
3. DL MIMO in eNodeB
Introduce of MIMO
 Trend : Desire of higher throughput
 Solution:
 Higher bandwidth: Now 20MHz is supported and further 100Mhz
can be achieved in LTE advanced, but it will be limited
 Higher MCS scheme: Now 64 QAM is used and further 256 QAM
will be introduced in LTE advanced, but it will be limited
 MIMO is technology based on spatial domain, achieve the obvious

improvement of throughput
Benefit of MIMO
 Spatial multiplexing gain
 Improve system peak throughput
 Diversity gain
 Decrease probability of deep path feeding, thus get the additional gain
 Array gain
 Improve SINR of cell edge
 Co-channel interference reduction gain

 Applicable for high interference scenario, gain is achieved from interference
mitigation
Spatial Multiplexing Gain
 Spatial multiplexing gain is a throughput gain achieved by
adding spatial channels (that is, by adding antennas) without
increasing the total bandwidth and total TX power.
TX RX TX RX
Multi-
Path
Scatter
Diversity Gain
 The probability of deep fading after signal combining is
reduced greatly, and the diversity gain is achieved.
Array Gain
 Array gain is a power gain achieved by combining signals from
different antennas based on the correlation between signals
and the non-correlation between noises.
Co-channel Interference Reduction
Gain
 Interference mitigation methods can achieve the co-channel
interference reduction gain by minimizing the interference gain
and maximizing the signal gain.
 Co-channel interference reduction gain is achieved by using

interference rejection combining (IRC) or other interference
mitigation methods.
Classifications of MIMO
 LTE support variable MIMO scheme with different aspect
 Based on whether the transmitter feedback channel

information:
 Open-loop MIMO : Just feedback CQI and rank(Optional)
 Closed-loop MIMO: Beside CQI and rank, PMI is also required
 Based on the number of spatial data streams transmitted at the

same time:
 Spatial diversity: only 1 data stream for each user, rank=1
 Spatial multiplexing: 1 or more streams for each user, rank=1,2,3,4
MIMO Modes Supported by
eRAN6.0(FDD)
 UL MIMO:
 Receive diversity:
 1x2 (Basic feature)
 1x4
 MU-MIMO :2x2 or 2x4
 DL MIMO:
 Open-loop transmit diversity (OL-TD)
 Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD)
 Open-loop spatial multiplexing (OL-SM)
 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing (CL-SM)
Device Configuration
 RRU Configuration
 Sector Configuration
Contents
2. UL MIMO
3. DL MIMO
Contents
2 . UL MIMO
2.1 Receive Diversity
2.2 MU-MIMO
Principle of Receive Diversity
 Receive diversity is a diversity scheme in which each UE uses
one antenna for transmission and occupies a time domain
resource different from other UEs while the eNodeB uses
multiple antennas for reception and combines signals from
these antennas.
Signal Combining in Receive Diversity
 The algorithms of signal combining in receive diversity include
MRC and IRC. Both provide the diversity gain and array gain.
 The MRC receiver and the IRC receiver are applications of a

theoretical model named MMSE receiver in different
interference environments.
MRC and IRC
MRC IRC
The MMSE receiver is MRC receiver when The MMSE receiver is IRC receiver when there
the interference and noise are spatially is high interference in the environments.
white.
Assuming that both interference and noise Assuming that colored interference exists, the
are spatially white, the MRC receiver meets IRC receiver meets the MMSE criterion by
the MMSE criterion by using the maximum mitigating interference during signal
ratio combining algorithm. combining.
When there is no spatially colored When there is spatially colored interference,
interference, the eNodeB selects MRC. the eNodeB selects IRC.
MRC/IRC Adaptive Switch
Contents
2 . UL MIMO
2.1 Receive Diversity
2.2 MU-MIMO
Principle of MU-MIMO
 The number of UEs cannot exceed the number of eNodeB RX
antennas in MU-MIMO mode.
UE Pairing in MU-MIMO
 UE pairing in MU-MIMO is a process in which the eNodeB
scheduler tries to select a pair of most appropriate UEs for
transmission.
 The eNodeB performs UE paring in each TTI. The phases are as

follows:
SINR measurement
Candidate UE selection
UE pairing
Scheduling
Adaptive Mode Selection and
Switching
 If the channel SINRs are high and the channels are
approximately orthogonal, the eNodeB selects MU-MIMO.
Otherwise, the eNodeB selects receive diversity.
Receiver Technology for MU-MIMO
 For 2x2 MU-MIMO
 Default receiver: MRC
 Optional receiver: PSIC (Parallel Soft Interference Cancellation)
 For 2x4 MU-MIMO

 Same as UL diversity receive, both MRC and IRC could be used
PSIC Advanced Receiver (eRAN6.0
Enhancement)
 Gain of PSIC receiver
 IUI(inter user interference) cancellation: Reduce the interference
between paired UEs. The interference cancellation effect depends
on the correlation between users as well as the detection and
decoding performance.
 ISI(inter symbol interference) cancellation: PSIC reduces ISI, which

is caused by frequency selective fading, to improve demodulation
performance. The interference cancellation effect depends on the
ISI degree as well as the equalization and decoding performance.
Contents
2. UL MIMO
3. DL MIMO
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Implementation
3.2 DL MIMO Introduction
3.3 Adaptive Switch
DL OFDM Signal Generation
Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Element Signal
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Element Signal
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Layer Mapping
Codeword
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4
1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 Layer 2 Layers 3 Layers 4 Layers
1, 2 or 4 2 or 4 4 Antenna 4 Antenna
Antenna Antenna Ports Ports
Ports Ports
Why Precoding
In ideal conditions, the

layer data, after being
precoded and passed
through spatial channels, is
equivalent to a group of
independent parallel data
without interfering with each
other
Transmission Modes
 Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO
 Mode 2 - Open-loop transmit diversity
 Mode 3 - Open-loop spatial multiplexing
 Mode 4 - Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
 Mode 5 - Multi user MIMO (more than one UE is assigned to

the same resource block)
 Mode 6 - Close-loop transmit diversity
 Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beam forming)
Transmission Modes (Cont.)
Mode No. Name Description
In OL-TD mode, the diversity gain can be achieved. Space-frequency

Mode 2 OL-TD block coding (SFBC) is used in the case of two TX antennas. The
combination of SFBC and frequency switched transmit diversity
(FSTD) is used in the case of four TX antennas.
In OL-SM mode, the UE does not need to report precoding
information. When the rank is equal to 1, OL-SM is equivalent to
Mode 3 OL-SM OL-TD. When the rank is equal to 2, 3, or 4, OL-SM maps data
streams onto different layers and performs large-delay cyclic delay
diversity (CDD) precoding.
Mode 4 CL-SM In CL-SM mode, the UE needs to report precoding information. It

performs zero-delay CDD precoding.
Mode 6 CL-TD CL-TD is equivalent to CL-SM (rank = 1, precoding).
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Implementation
3.3 Adaptive Switch
Overview of Transmit Diversity
 Transmit diversity is a diversity scheme in which multiple
antennas are used for signal transmission and multiple versions
of the same signal with different fading degrees are combined
at the RX end.
 Transmit diversity is classified into OL-TD (mode 2) and CL-TD

(mode 6) based on whether the channel information reported by
the UE is used.
OL TD Coding – SFBC (2 ANTs)
 Open-loop transmit diversity uses the SFBC technique in the case of
two TX antennas.
 Transmits signals x1 on subcarrier f1 of antenna TX1

 Transmits signals x2 on subcarrier f2 of antenna TX1
 Transmits signals –x2* on subcarrier f1 of antenna TX2
 Transmits signals x1* on subcarrier f2 of antenna TX2
OL TD Coding – SFBC + FSTD (4 ANTs)
 Open-loop transmit diversity uses SFBC+FSTD technique in the case of four TX
antennas.
 Transmits signals x1 and x2 on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna TX1 respectively

 Transmits signals x3 and x4 on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna TX2 respectively
 Transmits signals –x2* and x1* on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna TX3 respectively
 Transmits signals –x4* and x3* on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna TX4 respectively
Close-Loop Transmit Diversity
 Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD) (mode 6) is equivalent to

CL-SM (rank = 1)
Overview of Spatial Multiplexing
 Spatial multiplexing is a technique in which multiple antennas

are used to transmit spatial data streams in the same time
domain and frequency domain.
 Spatial multiplexing increases the system capacity and provides

the spatial multiplexing gain.
 Spatial multiplexing is classified into OL-SM (mode 3) and CL-SM

(mode 4) based on whether precoding information is reported
by the UE.
Precoding for CL- SM
 CL-SM uses zero-delay CDD precoding, according to 3GPP
specifications
 The precoding matrix is reported by UE
 Precoding provides the spatial multiplexing gain if the interval

between UE reports on the precoding information (for example,
precoding matrix indication (PMI) is not too long. CL-SM is
applicable to slowly moving UEs.
OL-SM Precoding – Large Delay CDD
 OL-SM provides the diversity gain in addition to the spatial multiplexing gain
because it uses large-delay CDD precoding, according to 3GPP specifications.
y(i)  W (i) D(i)Ux(i)

 The purpose of large delay CDD precoding and unitary matrix is to make
radio condition of each layer to be equal which can reduce uplink
feedback signaling. It is applicable for high movement scenarios that
which can overcome the feeding caused by the delay. Both multiplexing
gain and diversity gain can be achieved.
 It is only valid in case of rank= 2, 3 or 4
 When the rank is equal to 1, OL-SM is same as of OL-TD
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Realization
3.5 Adaptive Switch
Application Scenarios of MIMO Modes
Moving Speed
OL-TD (mode 2) OL-SM (mode 3)
CL-TD (mode 6) CL-SM (mode 4)
SINR
Selection & Switch of MIMO Scheme
 The eNodeB can select the most appropriate MIMO mode
based on actual conditions and switch one mode to another.
There are four selection and switching schemes:
 Open-loop and closed-loop adaptive scheme
 Open-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme
 Closed-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme
 Fixed scheme
Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Adaptive
Scheme
Maximum Rank Configuration
(eRAN6.0 Enhancement)
MIMO Adaptive Switch Configuration
Open loop and closed loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1,2,3 or 4
Closed loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1,2,3 or 4
Related Command (Cont.)
Open loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1, 2, 3 or 4
Fixed MIMO scheme
Summary
 The benefit of MIMO
 UL MIMO receiver technologies
 DL transmission mode
 MIMO adaptive switching principle
Abbreviation
 IRC: Interference Rejection Combing
 MMSE: Minimum Mean Square Error
 MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
 MRC: Maximum Ratio Combining
 PSIC: Parallel Soft Interference Cancellation
Thank you
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LTE eRAN6.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Classification of MIMO in eRAN2.1

 Describe the function of UL MRC and IRC receiver

 Describe the function UL MU-MIMO

 Describe the DL MIMO mode

 Describe adaptive switch of DL MIMO

 MIMO is technology based on spatial domain, achieve the obvious

 Co-channel interference reduction gain

 Co-channel interference reduction gain is achieved by using

 Based on whether the transmitter feedback channel

 Closed-loop MIMO: Beside CQI and rank, PMI is also required

 Based on the number of spatial data streams transmitted at the

 Spatial multiplexing: 1 or more streams for each user, rank=1,2,3,4

 1x2 (Basic feature)

 MU-MIMO :2x2 or 2x4

 Open-loop transmit diversity (OL-TD)

 Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD)

 Open-loop spatial multiplexing (OL-SM)

 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing (CL-SM)

2.1 Receive Diversity

 The MRC receiver and the IRC receiver are applications of a

2.1 Receive Diversity

 The eNodeB performs UE paring in each TTI. The phases are as

 Optional receiver: PSIC (Parallel Soft Interference Cancellation)

 For 2x4 MU-MIMO

 ISI(inter symbol interference) cancellation: PSIC reduces ISI, which

3.1 DL MIMO Implementation

3.2 DL MIMO Introduction

3.3 Adaptive Switch

1 Layer 2 Layers 3 Layers 4 Layers

In ideal conditions, the

 Mode 2 - Open-loop transmit diversity

 Mode 3 - Open-loop spatial multiplexing

 Mode 4 - Closed-loop spatial multiplexing

 Mode 5 - Multi user MIMO (more than one UE is assigned to

 Mode 6 - Close-loop transmit diversity

 Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beam forming)

In OL-TD mode, the diversity gain can be achieved. Space-frequency

Mode 4 CL-SM In CL-SM mode, the UE needs to report precoding information. It

Mode 6 CL-TD CL-TD is equivalent to CL-SM (rank = 1, precoding).

3.1 DL MIMO Implementation

3.2 DL MIMO Introduction

3.3 Adaptive Switch

 Transmit diversity is classified into OL-TD (mode 2) and CL-TD

 Transmits signals x1 on subcarrier f1 of antenna TX1

 Transmits signals x1 and x2 on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna TX1 respectively

 Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD) (mode 6) is equivalent to

 Spatial multiplexing is a technique in which multiple antennas

 Spatial multiplexing increases the system capacity and provides

 Spatial multiplexing is classified into OL-SM (mode 3) and CL-SM

 Precoding provides the spatial multiplexing gain if the interval

y(i)  W (i) D(i)Ux(i)

3.1 DL MIMO Realization

3.2 DL MIMO Introduction

3.5 Adaptive Switch

OL-TD (mode 2) OL-SM (mode 3)

CL-TD (mode 6) CL-SM (mode 4)

 Open-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme

 Closed-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme

Closed loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1,2,3 or 4

Open loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1, 2, 3 or 4

Fixed MIMO scheme

 UL MIMO receiver technologies