Enrichment Activity in

General Biology 1

Cellular Respiration

1. C

2. A).

1. Hexokinase

2. Phosphoglucoisomerase

3. Phosphofrutokinase

4. Aldolase

5. Isomerase

6. Triose Phosphate Dehydrogenase

7. Phosphoglycerokinase

8. Phosphoglyceromutase

9. Enolase

10. Pyruvate Kinase

3. A. - Hexokinase

- Phosphofrutokinase

B. - Phosphoglycerokinase

- Pyruvate Kinase

4. Phosphofrutokinase

5. The transition reaction connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. The transition
reaction converts the two molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvate from glycolysis into two
molecules of the 2-carbon molecule acetyl coenzyme A and 2 molecule of carbon
dioxide.
6. - Two carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) in the trasition reaction and citric acid cycle.

- How many CO2 are produced per glucose?

> Six CO2 are produced per glucose

7. a). Two NADH in Glycolysis

b). Six NADH in Transition Reaction

c). Three NADH in Citric Acid Cycle

8. 1 NADH= ___3___ ATP 1 FADH2 = __2__ ATP

9. Cleaving the gamma (3rd) off the atp is an exergonic reaction that releases a large
amount of energy. ATP provides the energy for both energy-consuming endergonic
reactions and energy-releasing exergonic reactions, which require a small input of
activation energy. When the chemical bonds within ATP are broken, energy is released
and can ba harnessed for cellular work.

10. Proton gradient. The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner
membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by
a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton
chemically positive to the negative side.

11. It would be severely reduced, some ATP is produced to glycolysis and the citric
acid cycle but the bulk is produced through ATP synthase.

12. Without the proton gradient formed by the electron transport chain powers ATP
synthase, so this would produce a severe deficit in ATP production.

13. - Reduce the effectiveness of the electron transport chain to produce a proton
gradient.

- ATP synthase, the weight loss is caused by an ineffective utilization of glucose

- The energy of glucose gets released as heat energy instead of storing in ATP
 II. Directions: Provide the needed information on the box.

1. –sunlight

-water

2. –oxygen

-ATP

3. –ATP

-carbon dioxide

4. –NADP+

-glucose sugars

5. Thylakoid membrane

6. Stroma
 Photosynthesis

I. Directions: Describe, using scientific terms, how plants turn sunlight into energy?
Make sure to refer to the chemical equation to photosynthesis and discus the
reactants and products.

-Plants convert sunlight into usable energy through the process of

photosynthesis. Light energy from the photons strikes the chlorophyll in the
leaves which causes a chemical reaction between the chlorophyll carbon dioxide
and water creating C6H12O6 or sugar. The photosynthesis equation is
6CO2+CH20----C6H12O6+6O2 (the reactions are CO2+H20 and the products
are C6H12O6+O2.