JOINT CONVENTION 2003

Indonesian Geologists Association and Indonesian Geophysicists Association

Mulia Hotel, December 15-17, 2003, Jakarta

THE EFFECT OF SURFACE IMPERMEABILIZATION TO THE

NATURAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
IN THE YOGYAKARTA GROUNDWATER BASIN

Doni Prakasa E. Putra & Heru Hendrayana

Department of Geological Engineering – Gadjah Mada University
Jl. Grafika No. 2 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Ph./Fax: 0274 – 513668
E-mail : putra_dpe@lycos.com & heruha@telkom.net

Abstract

In term of water resources, the Yogyakarta groundwater basin faces problem on the effect of
land use changes to the hydrology and hydrogeology regime. Rapid development on the recharge
area of Yogyakarta groundwater basin has increase the change of forest and agricultural land to
dwelling, housing, school, offices, industries, hotels, etc. According to the Regional Spatial Policy
Planning of Yogyakarta Special Province, the north side of Yogyakarta groundwater basin (included
Sleman District) was define as protection zone for forestry and water recharge. Inconsistency of the
implementation of spatial policy planning by the government caused by the economic factors, made
the possibility of urban development to the north side of Yogyakarta groundwater basin. Based on the
observation, more and more building was develop and will develop on the north side of Yogyakarta
City. Unfortunately, rapid urbanization to the north side was not controlled and followed by good urban
infrastructure also good implementation of regulation. Rapid urbanization mentioned above will
increase the surface impermeabilization and caused the decrease of groundwater natural recharge. A
watershed and groundwater modeling of Yogyakarta groundwater basin used to predict the effect of
the surface impermebilization. A watershed modeling used to calculate the effect of land use changes
to the percentage of water infiltration, then a series of predictive sensitivity analysis of groundwater
modeling implemented to calculate the groundwater recharge. Based on the modeling result, the
recent condition of the natural groundwater recharge was decrease significantly comparing to the
result of water balance studies by MacDonald & Partners in 1984.

Abstrak

Dalam kerangka sumber daya air, cekungan airtanah Yogyakarta menghadapi masalah pada efek
perubahan lahan terhadap kondisi hidrologi dan hidrogeologinya. Pembangunan yang cepat di
daerah imbuhan cekungan airtanah Yogyakarta telah meningkatkan perubahan penggunaan lahan
dari hutan dan lahan pertanian menjadi permukiman, perumahan, sekolah, perkantoran, industri dan
hotel. Berdasarkan rencana umum tata ruang wilayah (RUTRW) Propinsi DIY, bagian utara dari
cekungan airtanah Yogyakarta (termasuk wilayah Kabupaten Sleman) ditentukan sebagai zona
perlindungan untuk hutan lindung dan resapan air. Tidak konsistennya pelaksanaan RUTR,
menyebabkan perkembangan urbanisasi yang mengarah ke bagian utara cekungan airtanah
Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, semakin banyak pembangunan di wilayah ini, yang tidak
terkontrol dan diikuti dengan infrastruktur yang baik. Peningkatan urbanisasi akan meningkatkan
proses impermeabilisasi permukaan dan menyebabkan berkurangnya imbuhan alamiah airtanah.
Untuk membuktikan hal ini, telah dikembangkan model watershed dan airtanah di wilayah cekungan
airtanah Yogyakarta. Model watershed digunakan untuk menghitung efek perubahan tata guna lahan
terhadap prosentase infiltrasi air hujan, kemudian suatu seri analisis sensititivitas diterapkan pada
model airtanah untuk menghitung perubahan volume imbuhan airtanah. Berdasarkan atas hasil
pemodelan diketahui, bahwa imbuhan alamiah airtanah di wilayah ini telah berkurang secara
signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan kesetimbangan air di cekungan airtanah
Yogyakarta yang dilakukan oleh MacDonald & Partners, pada tahun 1984.