Final Semester Examination

Grammatics 2020/2021
S-2 LTBI PPs Unimed

1. What is the difference of grammar from grammatics?

2. There are four elements of metafunction, namely experiential, logical, interpersonal,
and textual function. Explain the four metafunctions with examples.
3. Does the process have in they have breakfast in the gerage and they have a car in
the gerage belong to the same category of experience? Write down your argument.
4. Is the speech function in did you visit the meuseum? the same as that in I wonder if
you visted the meuseum?
5. Elaborate the differences among the terms Actor, Subject and Theme. Present your
answers by providing examples.
6. Explain the difference of paratactic elaboration (1 = 2) from hypotactic elaboration (a
= b)
7. Analyze the two clauses well...well John built the house last year and well...well..John
really...really did did you you see see the lady last year? experientially,
interpersonally and textually
8. Anayze logical relations in the following clause complexes by using TREE DIAGRAMS
a. My father visited Kuala Lumpur, where he was born and brought up.
b. He said, “The man has donated his wealth for charity, which is a great surprise to
the people in the area, where most of the population live in poverty and
maginalized”
(due date is 13 January 2021.

Submission Guideline:
1. Send the file to the allocated space of Assignment File Submission of Meeting 16 in
our e-learning platform, SIPDA Unimed.
2. Compile and compress all of the students’ completed answers in one Folder and
send it to amrinsaragih134@gmail.com, amrinsaragih@unimed.ac.id and
islipane@unimed.ac.id by 1pm, with the Subject: Final Semester Examination of
Grammatics 2020/2021 Class: B; S-2 LTBI PPs Unimed.
ANSWER
1. The difference of grammar from grammatics?
Grammar (the study or use of) the rules about how words change their form and
combine with other words to make sentences while Grammatics is that grammatical is
(linguistics) acceptable as a correct sentence or clause as determined by the rules and
conventions of the grammar, or morpho-syntax of the language while grammatic is
grammatical.

2. Explain the four metafunctions with examples.

a. Experiential function
Experiential function concerns clauses that have been directed as the way to define
experience behaviors. Bell (1991:121) states “experiential function expresses cognitive
meaning; the fundamental idea conveying function of language. This draws on the systems
and networks of transitivity to create proportions which convey the user's experience of the
external world of the senses and inner world of the mind. The situation types consist of
process, participants, and circumstance. Ex:

John kicked the ball.

Actor Process: material Goal

John hit the man very hard.

Actor Process: Goal Circumstance:

material Manner

The boat sailed In the bay

Actor Process: material Circumstance: Place

b. logical function
Language is linking the experiences contained in clause. It means that it is logical
relationship between two variables or two clauses within complex clauses or taxis. There are
two relationships status of the two clauses, namely; parataxis and hypo-taxis. Parataxis is the
status of the two experiences (clause) are the same (both independent) with marked 1,2,3, ...
Abdullah likes reddanAdindalikes red
 1 = 2
Hipotaxis is the status of the two experiences (clause) are different (one is
independent, and the other dependent) with marked A and B.
Abdullah sukamerahdanAdindajuga
A = B
There are two meanings that can be described or referred by both relationships we
name lexico-semantic relationship.
1) What is the purpose of clause 2 to 1 or B to A?
2) What is the meaning given by 2 to 1 or B to A?
Thus, the lexical meaning of the two relationships above, the first question will result in
development (expansion) and Projection (projection). From the first meaning would give
meaning to each, namely:
1) Expansion
a) Elaboration encoded by (=)

Abdullah likes redand Adindalikes red

1 = 2
b) Extension encoded by (+)

Abdullah likes red, but Adindalikes green

1 + 2
c) Enhancementencoded by (:)

Abdullah likes because red is brave

1 : 2
2) Projection
a) Locutionencoded by ( “ )

Abdullah said “my mother likes green”

A “B
b) Ide (Idea) ditandaidengan ( „ )

Abdullah thought „my mother likes red‟

A„ B
c. interpersonal function
Clause serves as a unit of exchange of experience. As a unit of exchange of
experience, clause is reflected from said functions and said action. There are two elements of
interpersonal function: mood and residue.
Mood : Subject
Finite
Residue : Predicator
Mr. Sobhan’s wife, Cezh studies english language with her friend in Canada.
Mr. Sobhan’s studies english language with her friend in Canada
wife, Cezh
Sensor Process: Partisipant II: Contingency Circumstance:
Mental Fenomena Circum-stance: Location: Place
Subject Finite | compl adjunc
Predikator
Mood Residue

d. textual function
Clause as a coupling unit is composed of message theme and rheme.
Theme : The starting point of message
Rheme : The rest of the message
Theme isdivided into 2 markers, ieunmurked and marked
Unmarked : In accordance with the exchange of subject and finite in mood
Marked : Contrary, like Indonesian and Batak languages.

3. The same category of experience

a. have in they have breakfast in the gerage (behavioral)
b. they have a car in the gerage (relational)
4. yes it’s the same
5. The differences among the terms Actor, Subject and Theme
a. The actor (or agent) performs the action (upon the patient).
b. The subject is what the predicate gets filed under.
c. indentified as the first order of the clausal elements
ex:
my father was awarded this modal by the prime minister
theme actor
subject

6. the difference of paratactic elaboration (1 = 2) from hypotactic elaboration (a = b)

Abdullah likes reddanAdindalikes red
1 = 2
Hipotaxis is the status of the two experiences (clause) are different (one is
independent, and the other dependent) with marked A and B.
Abdullah sukamerahdanAdindajuga
 A = B
There are two meanings that can be described or referred by both relationships we
name lexico-semantic relationship.
7. well...well John built the house last year
Experientially: John = subject, Built = Mental Process, The house = goal, last year =
circumstance
Interpersonally: john = subject, built = finite (john built = mood), the house last year
= residue
Textually: well john = theme , built the house last year = rheme