‫ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪:‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺸﺎﻫــــــــﺩ ﻋــــــــــﺯﻴﺯ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺸﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﺩﺸﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺠﻭﺭﻱ‪ ,‬ﺠﺎﻤﻭﻭﻜﺸﻤﻴﺭ )ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ(‬

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 ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪:‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻐﻴﺭﺕ ﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻴﻘﻅﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍل ﻭﺍﻻﻀﻤﺤﻼل ﻭﺴﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺤﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻭﺍﻨﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺒﺕ ﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻌﺸﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺠﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻀﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺃﻓﺫﺍﺫ‬
‫ﻨﻬﻠﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻫل ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻫﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺩﻓﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺄﻟﻤﻭﺍ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻭ ﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﻟﺤﺎل ﺃﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺸﻌﺒﻬﻡ ﻭﺸﻤﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺤﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻷﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻤﺠﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﺎﻁﻌﺎ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﺍ‪ .‬ﻜﻠﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﻠﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺩﻴﺒﺎ ﻭﻨﺎﻗﺩﺍ ﻭﻤﺅﺭﺨﺎ ﻭﺼﺤﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ) ‪ (1956-1888‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺩﻗﻬﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﻔﺭ ﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻟﺩﻩ ﻷﺴﺭﺓ ﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ‪ . 1901‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻭﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ,1905‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻕ ﺒﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺎل ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1909‬ﺜﻡ ﺭﺤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺴﻭﺭﺒﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺸﺌﺕ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﻡ "ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ " ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﻜل‬
‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1926‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‪1945‬ﻡ ﺃﺨﺘﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻫﻴﻜل ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺎ ﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻭﺥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻀﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1940‬ﻡ ﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1941‬ﻡ ﻨﺎﺌﺒﺎ ﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺯﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻼﺌل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪1376‬ﻫﺞ‬
‫‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ 8‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪1956‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺒﺩﺃ ﻫﻴﻜل ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻨﺯﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺯ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﻫﻴﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺒﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﺤﻭل ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺠﺎﻥ ﺠﺎﻙ ﺭﻭﺴﻭ ﻟﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﻀﺞ ﻓﻜﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻔﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺼﻭﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻪ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻨﻪ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ "ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ"‬

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‫ﻴﺤﻤل "ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ" ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻁﻠﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻕ ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﺭﻗﻴﻥ ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ "ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺃﺒﻭﺒﻜﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ" ﻭ"ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ" ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ)‪ (1914-1857‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍ‪ .‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﻟﺩ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﺔ "ﺒﻨﺩﻭل" ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻭل ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﺸﺌﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻜﺭﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻠﻘﺏ ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺃﺴﺱ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺼﻨﻑ ﻋﺩﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻭﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﻤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ "ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ"‬

‫"ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ" ﻟﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ .‬ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺃﺸﻤل ﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻤﻬﻠﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻴﻜﻤل ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﺄﻜﻤﻠﻪ ﺘﻠﻤﻴﺫﻩ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺫﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ "ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ" ﻭ" ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻤﻭﻥ" ﻭ" ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ" ﻭ"ﺴﻭﺍﻨﺢ ﻤﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺭﻭﻡ"‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ" ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺘل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻭﻯ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻜﺘﺏ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺤﻭل ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻬﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺯ ﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻟﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﻬﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ ﻭﻋﻥ ﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﻟﻠﺨﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻴﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻁﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺘﺒﺎ ﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻭ ﻋﻘﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺴﻴﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻤﺘﺎﺜﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ ﻋﻘﻼﻨﻴﺎ ﻴﺨﺎﻟﻑ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﻜﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺒل ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺎﻭﻴل‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺘﺒﻭﻴﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ :‬ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪:‬ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‪,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫‪.1934‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺯل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1937‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺃﺒﻭﺒﻜﺭ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪,‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1942‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ,‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1945‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.1964 ,‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺯﻴﻨﺏ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1914‬‬
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 ‫‪ .7‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ,‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1925‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺩﻱ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪,‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1931‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪1933‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ‪.1953‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺨﻠﻘﺕ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.1953 .‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪:‬ﺠﺎﻥ ﺠﺎﻙ ﺭﻭﺴﻭ ‪ 1923 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻤﺒﺭﺍﻁﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‪1964 ,‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺹ ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ‪1967 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪1963,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ 1960 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪1926 ,‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪1926 ,‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.18‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻡ ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ 1929 ,‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.19‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻻﻫﻭﺭ‪ ,‬ﺒﺎﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪1987 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.20‬‬
‫ﺍ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪2005,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.21‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1898 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.22‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻤﻭﻥ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1926،‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.23‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻟﻲ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1928,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.24‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ,‬ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ‪ ,‬ﺃﻋﻁﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1935 ،‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.25‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺴﻔﺭﻨﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﻡ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺸﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫‪.26‬‬
‫ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1921,‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﻪ ﺍﻨﻴﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺒﻴﺭ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ‪,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪2004,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.27‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺩ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1966 ,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺠﻴل ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1988,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﺕ ﻭﻤﺎﺭﺴﺩﻥ ﺠﻭﻨﺯ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ‪ :‬ﺒﺒﻠﻭﺠﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ 1996,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﺕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺒﺒﻠﻭﺠﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪2000,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪,‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﺯﻑ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1978,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﺭﻀﻭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺭﻭﺭﺠﺎل‪ ,‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺠﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1967 ,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﻴﻥ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ‪,‬‬
‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪1995,‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪,‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1966,‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﺩﻱ ﻋﻼﻡ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﻴﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻤﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1986 ,‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺒﻴل ﻓﺭﺝ ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻴﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﻴﻪ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪,‬‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪1996 ,‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ‪ :‬ﺯﻋﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﻱ‪ ,‬ﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ‪,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪1985,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﻱ ‪ :‬ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻴﺔ ‪,‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ‪ ,‬ﻤﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺭ ﺍﻴﻙ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ‪,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ‪ , :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ‪,‬ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺠﺭﺍﻩ‪2012 ,‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﻱ ‪:‬ﺸﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ‪,‬ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻴﺏ‪,‬‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ‪2001-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
 Abstract
From Ph. D Synopsis entitled:

“Muhammad Husain Haikal & Shibli Noumani

Their Writings on Sirah & Islamic History: A Critical and Comparative Study”

The nineteenth century witnessed far-reaching socio- cultural changes in

the Arab and Islamic World. Many writers, poets and literary figures emerged
in the Arab World and India. Among them, Muhammad Husian Haikal (1888-
1956) and Shibli Noumani (1857-1914) are very well-known for their scholastic
works. Both the writers played decisive role to wake up their nations from
deep slumber. They enlightened their countrymen with their thoughts and
ideas. They thoroughly studied the misconceptions of people about Islam and
with their rational approach they tried their best to remove them. Shibli and
Haikal are two versatile personalities. Both have contributed immensely to the
fields Sirah writing, historiography, language and literature. Shibli is a poet,
critic, historian, and biographer. Haikal is also known as a novelist, political
commentator, critic, biography-writer and historian. They wrote valuable
books and articles on several topics specially Prophet Biography and Islamic
History. However there are many differences between the two writers
although they dealt the same subject. Shibili wrote a comprehensive book on
Prophet biography entitled “Seeratun Nabi”. It comprises of seven huge
volumes; two of them he himself wrote and the other five volumes were
written by his learned disciple Syed Sulaiman Nadwi. It is like an encyclopedia
on the Prophet’s life and teachings. No such book has been written in any
language including Arabic. It has been written in reply to orientlists who waged
a war against the Prophet (PHBU) and tried to tarnish his image for their
maligned agenda. He critically examined all Islamic and other sources and very

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objectively and rationally approached Sirah and Islamic history. He criticized
Muslim writers and historians who blindly accepted unauthentic, false and
fabricated traditions in their writings on Prophet life and Islamic history and
quoted them in their books. He pointed out unreliable sources like Waqidi and
others upon whom the orientalists relied and made their stories. But he also
appreciated some works done by the western writers on Sirah and Islamic
history and culture. Haikal also wrote a huge book on the life of the Prophet
Muhammed (PBUH). He also answered the questions raised by the western
writers in a rational and systematic way. Both the writers dealt the subject very
well. However they differ in their style, approach and in many other points.

Shibili wrote history of the second pious Caliph “Al-Farooq” who ruled
for 8-10 years and established a just Islamic welfare government that the
World never saw and for which Mahatam Gandhi wished “I wish to establish
such a government”. It is a unique book in its style, method and subject
content. Hundred of books have been written in different languages but no
one can compete Shibili. Haikal also wrote a book on the same subject namely
“Umar ibn Khattab”. He wrote in a very easy and sweet language and
highlighted his achievement and welfare works for the common man.

Shibili had good command over many languages ; Urdu , Arabic , Persian
, English etc. He wrote many books in Arabic and Urdu on language and
literature. Shirul Ajam is a reference book on history of Persian literature.
Muazanah Anees wa Dabeer is another reference book on Urdu criticism.

Haikal is a great Arabic writer, novelist and linguist. He is credited to

have written first Arabic novel ”Zainab”. He wrote many other books on
language and literature for example Fi Auwqatil Faragh, Waladi, Thawratul
Adab,Hakaza khuliqto,Qisas Misriah Qasirah .

There are many similarities in their thoughts and approaches and they
also differ with each other in many aspects.

The comparative study has its own significance in modern age and it
helps to understand the thoughts and viewpoints of the two writers. This
comparative study between the two towering personalities, Haikal and Shibli
will highlight similarities and variations among them. Muhammad Husain
Haikal, born in Egypt and Shibli Noumani, born in India far- away from cradle of
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Islam and Arab culture but both of them addressed the same subject and
Shibili overtopped the Arabs. The research will focus on their approaches,
common as well as their differing points.

Many works have been done on both the writers like Hayat Shibli
written by Syed Sulaiman Nadwi and Muhammad Hussain Haikal Fi Zikrah
written by Abdul Aziz Shazaf but nobody carried out a comparative study. Their
huge work and common subject matter demands a comprehensive and
objective study that this researcher wishes to carry out. It is expected that the
research will successfully point out commonalities and differences between
the two towering personalities and present a balanced picture of Sirah and
Islamic history.

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 Ph.D Synopsis

Proposed Topic

“Muhammad Husain Haikal & Shibli Noumani

Their Writings on Sirah & Islamic History: A Critical and Comparative Study”

Submitted by

Shahid Aziz

Under the supervision of

Dr.Manzar Alam

Assistant Professor

Department of Arabic

School of Islamic Studies

Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University

Rajouri (J&K)

Date of Submission:

Signature of the Candidate: Signature of the Supervisor:

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