Name: Pogoy, Maria Veronica I. Block, Yr.

& Section: BSN1-E Date: March 6, 2021

VELEZ COLLEGE
College of Nursing
1.0
Applying Learning Theories to Health Care Practice

Self-Assessment
A. Read and understand the following questions. Answer these briefly and concisely. (10
pts)
1. How does learning occur?
- Learning is an active process that takes place as individuals interact with their
environment and incorporate new information or experiences with what they already
know or have learned. Learning occurs both mentally and emotionally, so generally,
the more the teacher demonstrates or explains a concept and gives them positive
reinforcement/feedback, the more it will promote a student's learning abilities and
processing of information. Furthermore, learning may also occur because of non-
coerced learning, or classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or because of more
complex activities such as play and observation. Additionally, learning may occur
consciously or without conscious awareness.
2. Which kinds of experiences facilitate or hinder the learning process?
- Educators/teachers facilitate through role modeling, selecting learning theories, and
how the learning experiences are structured for each learner. Diversities in learning
types often hinder a learner's ability to learn. To address this scenario, effective
teaching requires determining the best theoretical perspectives for the kinds of learning
and identifying practical instructional approaches for each.
3. What helps ensure that learning becomes relatively permanent?
- In order to ensure the learning becomes relatively permanent, educators should relate
their experiences to the learner, reinforce behavior, rehearse and practice in a variety
of settings, have learner perform and give constructive feedback, and lastly, educators
should make sure interference does not occur before, during, or after the learning.
B. Based on the Learning Theories. Fill up the Table below with correct information (40 pts)
THEORIES DESCRIPTION PROPONENTS APPROACHES TO
(10 pts) (5 pts) LEARNING (25 pts)
1. Cognitive The cognitive learning -Plato It is a way of learning
theory looks at the way -René Descartes that helps students to
people think. Mental (1596 - 1650) use their brains
processes are an -Jean Piaget effectively and
essential part of (1896 - 1980) efficiently. Educators
understanding how we apply cognitive
learn. The cognitive
knowledge by
 theory understands that encouraging students to
both internal and explore and understand
external elements can concepts and
influence learners. This information. Some
method of learning educators use
fosters active, discussion about what is
constructive, and life-
being taught and asking
long learning.
students to justify and
Cognitive learning is
an effective way of explain their stand in
promoting a life-long that specific discussion;
love of learning and with this approach, the
improvement in students’ critical
students. It encourages thinking skills will
students to engage in develop. By using other
the learning process mediums of learning
fully, enhances their like visualization, it can
comprehension, improve students’
improves problem- ability to understand
solving skills, and
and recall concepts.
boosts confidence.
2. Behavioral The behaviorism Classical Behaviorism is a key in
learning theory is how conditioning understanding the
a student behaves - Ivan Pavlov students' environment,
based on their (1849 - 1936) and this can help the
interaction with their Operant educator to see them
environment. It conditioning objectively and alter
suggests that behaviors - Edward their ways to assist them
are influenced and Thorndlike most appropriately.
learned from external Behaviorist believes
(1874 - 1949)
forces (or environment) that teachers
rather than internal -John Watson significantly impact the
forces (or inherited (1878 - 1958) how students behave
factors). This theory -Burrhus and react at school.
has three sub-theories: Frederic Skinner Thus, teachers can
-Classical (1904 - 1990) utilize positive
conditioning Contiguity reinforcement to help
(involuntary behavior) Theory students better learn a
-Operant conditioning -Edwin Ray concept and do well in
(voluntary behavior) Guthrie class. Students who
-Contiguity Theory (1886 - 1959) receive positive support
(association learning) are more likely to retain
information moving
forward and succeed in
their academic
endeavors, a direct
 result of the
behaviorism theory.
3. Psychodynamic Psychodynamic -Sigmund Freud The psychodynamic
learning theory is (1856 - 1939) model is ideal for a
primarily a theory of classroom setting
motivation stressing because it considers
emotions rather than individuals in whole
cognition or response. parts. Emotions,
The psychodynamic knowledge, and ideas
perspective emphasizes all make up a human
the importance of being. A teacher
conscious & requires to be aware of
unconscious forces in their own thoughts and
guiding behavior, emotions in the
personality conflicts, classroom. By doing so,
and enduring effects of they will respond to
childhood experiences. classroom management
Basically, the needs more effectively
educator's role in this and more
theory is acting as a professionally.
reflective interpreter Realizing that each
and a person who student is made up of
understands and pays their own unique
attention to the psychodynamic
emotions, unconscious processes helps a
motivations, and the teacher empathize with
Psychological growth students and provide
and development of all individualized
those involved in instruction when needed
learning. to enhance learning
capability.
4. Social Social learning theory -Albert Bandura In this theory, educators
stresses the importance (1925 - until should consider the four
of observing, present) elements of this theory:
modeling, and attention, retention,
imitating others' reproduction, and
behaviors, attitudes, motivation. In most
and emotional instances, if children see
reactions. Social positive outcomes from
learning theory a behavior, they are
considers how both likely to imitate that
environmental and action themselves. And
cognitive factors if they see adverse
interact to influence effects, they are likely to
human learning and avoid that behavior.
behavior. Albert Giving constructive and
 Bandura (1977) agrees positive feedback on
with the behaviorist students' achievement
learning theories of and behavior will lead
classical conditioning to their self-efficacy.
and operant Consequently, it will
conditioning in social impact them to be
learning theory. confident with their own
Nevertheless, he adds skin and abilities—this
two important ideas: stands out in their mind,
Mediating processes and they want to repeat
occur between stimuli this course of action.
& responses; behavior
is learned from the
environment through
observational learning.
5. Humanism The humanistic theory -Abraham The humanistic theory
of learning centralizes Maslow approach engages social
on human freedom, (1908 - 1970) skills, feelings, intellect,
dignity, and potential. -Carl Rogers artistic skills, practical
This theory believes (1902 - 1987) skills, and more as part
that learning occurs -James F. T. of their education.
based on a person’s Bugental Teachers can build an
motivation, derived (1915 - 2008) environment that
from needs, the desire promotes students to get
to grow in positive closer to their self-
ways, self-concept, and actualization. Educators
subjective feelings. can help fulfill students’
Rationally speaking, emotional and physical
students are the needs, giving them a
authoritative figure in secure and comfortable
learning because in place to learn, plenty of
meeting their needs, food, letting them do
they can learn well. journals to evaluate and
Self-esteem, goals, and voice-out their feelings,
complete autonomy are and providing them the
key learning elements utmost support they
in the humanistic need to succeed. This
learning theory. kind of environment is
the most conducive to
helping students learn.
References:

Bastable, S. B. (2019). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing
practice. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Mcleod, S. (n.d.). Albert Bandura's social learning theory. Retrieved March 04, 2021, from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective (Sixth ed.). Boylston Street,
Boston: Pearson Education.

Western Governors University. (2020, July 21). What is humanistic learning theory in education?
Retrieved March 04, 2021, from https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-humanistic-learning-
theory-
education2007.html#:~:text=Humanistic%20teachers%20believe%20that%20knowledge,n
ot%20one%20or%20the%20other.

Western Governors University. (2020, June 01). The five educational learning theories. Retrieved
March 04, 2021, from https://www.wgu.edu/blog/five-educational-learning-
theories2005.html