Eian, Safe, Khamin 1209

No. Crime scene test Equipment and how it works Reason

1. Shoe print Analysis Equipment To determine whether the

● Camera: Taking pictures of the shoe print is of the victim or
print at 90 degrees in order to get anyone else. If this is a
the actual shoe size. murder, it could lead us to
● Adhesive lifter: It lifts the imprint the murderer
from the non-delicate surface.
● Brush
● Fingerprint powder
● Light sources
● Scale or tape measure
● Protective gloves
● Suspected shoe: to compare with
the shoe print.
● Dividers
● Calipers
● Database in the computer

Procedures
● Taking photos of the original footprint
on the scene.
● Identify the types of shoe
print-latent, visible, or plastic.
● Also, consider the type of surface
where the shoe print is found in
order to choose the right equipment
to collect the evidence.
● Using adhesive lifting technique
since this method is used for a hard
surface.
● Using adhesive tape to transfer the
imprint to a medium and send it to a
lab.
● Using suspect shoes as a
comparison at the crime scene.
● To make sure, the examiner can use
the reference from the database to
compare.

2. Fingerprint Analysis Equipment To determine whether the

● Fingerprint powder print is of the victim or
● Camera anyone else. If this is a
● Lifting tape murderer’s, it could lead us
● Latent lift card to the murderer
● Cyanoacrylate (super glue)
● Alternate Light sources
● Chemical developers: reveal the
fingerprint from a paper-like surface.
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○ Ninhydrin
● Amido Black: Identify the fingerprint
on the skin, and clothing.
● Protective gloves
● Brush

Procedures
● Consider where to look for the
fingerprint:
○ On a smooth surface like the
lab desk.
○ On the skin or clothing of the
victim.
○ On a round surface like a
knife handle.
● Choose the right method that suits
each fingerprint type.
● Latent Lifting method:
○ For a smooth surface area.
○ Position the suspected area
then apply the fingerprint
powder (should use a
different color from the
background)
○ If the print appears, Take
pictures of it.
○ Use the tape to lift the print.
○ Place it on the latent lift card
to preserve it.
● Using Ninhydrin powder:
○ It will react to amino acids
which will show a purple
color.
● Using amido black:
○ It is a non-specific protein
stain that reacts with the
present protein especially on
human skin.

3. Blood Analysis Equipment We can look for blood that

● Luminol ● High-quality camera the murderer attempted to
● Luminol wipe off which will be
Procedures: helpful for the crime
● Spray luminol to the suspected area. analysis.
● Luminol will react to the iron in blood
hemoglobin and glows a
bluish-purple color when turning out
the light.
● Taking the photograph with a
high-quality camera
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4. DNA Analysis Procedures: Each person’s DNA is

1. Extraction - release the DNA from
the cell
2. Quantitation - determine how much
DNA we have
3. Amplification - copying and
multiplying the amount of DNA we
have
4. Separation - separate amplified DNA
product
5. Analysis & Interpretation - compare
DNA evidence to known DNA
profiles (electropherogram)
6. Quality Assurance - go through the
reports again to make sure it is
accurate
unique so it can easily
differentiate one person
from another. In this case,
there are three spots of the
blood splatters, and two of
them are far from the
victim’s body. So we can
use blood to find the DNA
whether it matches the
victim’s or not. If not, it can
lead us to the suspect’s
identification.

Equipment:
- GeneChip System 3000Dx
- Centrifuge
- Autoclave

6. Forensic Document Equipment: To determine whether the

Examination - victim's several writing pieces suicide note is real or fake,
● The suicide note - writing pieces of the suspect written by the victim or
Methods others by examining and
- Compare the handwriting on the comparing the handwriting.
suicide notes and see whether it
matches that of the victim’s
handwriting or not.
- Ink and paper are also inspected

7. Blood splatter pattern Equipment Blood splatter patterns can

- Cotton swipe tell us a lot more than we
- Sterilise containers think. It can tell us the force
- Thermal cycler applied, shape of weapon,
Methods direction of motion, and
- Collect evidence using cotton swipe could eventually let the
- Put that cotton wipe in a container to investigators know whether
prevent contamination the stab was done by the
victim themselves or
someone else stabbed
them.

8. Saliva test Equipment Saliva is an easily

- Cotton swipe obtainable biological fluid. It
- Sterilise containers is constituted by secreted
- Thermal cycler products derived from
Methods plasma and salivary acini. It
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- Collect evidence using cotton swipe can be used as a tool to

- Put that cotton wipe in a container to identify that he had drunk a
prevent contamination cup of coffee or not.

9. Forensic Pathology Equipment Check what else happened

● Victim’s Autopsy - Saw: cut through rib cage and open to the body, whether he
skull took the pills and determine
- Shears: cut through ribs his time of death.
- Knife: cut out organs
- Ladle: scoop blood from chest cavity
- Forceps: pick up blood vessels and
dissect small parts of organs
Procedures
- Y-Incision: open up the breastplate
to gain access to body's major
organs Cut in the shape of the letter
Y
- Removal of Organs
- Determine the victim last meal to
determine the time of death based
on time body takes to digest food
- Sample collection: find poison in
some part of the body

References

(n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/guide-for-lifting-footwear-and-tire-impression-evi

dence.html

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/blood/

CSI: Types of Evidence. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.universalclass.com/articles/law/csi-types-of-evidence.htm

DNA Evidence. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/dna/principles.html

Forensic Document Examination. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/docs/principles.html
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A Simplified Guide To Forensic Science. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/

Thibodeaux, W. (2019, March 02). Chemicals Used in Forensic Science. Retrieved from

https://sciencing.com/chemicals-used-forensic-science-6865961.html