CDI Final Coaching Virtual

Good
Morning
GODYSON B. DOLFO
Criminologist
Security Services NC II
Certified Security Trainer
Certified Crime Prevention Specialist
PHD Psychology Education – in progress

MS Criminology Graduate – major LEPS
BS Criminology Graduate – major SECSAM
Certificate in Professional Education – (CPE)
National Reviewer/Lecturer – CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW
CEO, MEGS ACADEMICS AND PUBLICATIONS

1. Corpus delicti means:
a. Act of prosecution of proceeding no further in a

lawsuit
b. Body of the crime
c. Punishment that one deserves
d. Fundamental facts of the existence of a crime
2. The sudden stiffening of the muscle takes place.
a. Rigor mortis
b. Livor mortis
c. Algor Mortis
d. Cadaveric Spasm.
3. Painkiller drugs were originated from?
a. Cocaine
b. Morphine
c. Amphetamine
d. Opium
4. Among the following drugs which came from
fungus?
a. Mescaline
b. Psilocybin
c. LSD
d. Ketabu
5. The lowest temperature at which a substance
gives off vapor that burns momentarily is called the:
a. Ignition Point
b. Melting Point
c. Fire Point
d. Flash Point
6. Which of the following are characteristics of
wound.
a. Abrasion, contusion, incision, Laceration,

b. Calor, dolor, rubor, tumor
c. Moral, physical, demi, virgo intacta
d. Coup, conte-coup, coup-contre-coup,
locus minoris resistensia
7. These are crimes against the peace and security of
mankind.
a. Organized Crime
b. Transnational Crime
c. International Crime
d. Terrorism
8. An event which inevitably took place due to the acts
of man.
a. Fortuitous Event
b. Force Majure
c. Imprudent Acts
d. Main Event
9. When an accident or traffic jamming was caused by narrow
roads and bridges which are subject to repair and widening
schemes. This may refer to:
a. Poor Maintenance
b. Human Errors
c. Physical Inadequacy
d. Poor Control Measures
10. What Japanese ritual which aim is to atone for offenses or
to show sincere apology to another. It is almost exclusively
performed by the Yakuza?
a. Oicho-Kabu
b. Yubitsume
c. Shodo
d. washoku
PRIMORDIAL OBJECTIVES OF
EXAMINATION
Knowledge of Subject
Matter
Reading Comprehension
Abilities
Practical Applications
To TOP/PASS in the BOARD EXAM
one requires to be/have
H IGHER
O RDER
T HINKING
S KILLs
ELEMENTS OF CORRECT THINKING
SIMPLE APPREHENSION
REASONING
JUDGEMENT
IN ANSWERING;
EXAMINEE MUST KNOW ABOUT
TERMINOLOGY
(Expresses a concept and definite)
KEYWORD
(A significant word/phrase)
CRIMINAL DETECTION AND
INVESTIGATION
• Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
• Special Crime Investigation
• Organized Crime Investigation
• Drug Education and Vice Control
• Fire Technology and Arson Investigation
• Traffic Management and Accident Investigation
1. A former crook turned Paris police investigator. He is
credited with the founding La Surete, France’s national
detective organization. Considered those in law
enforcement to be the “Father of Modern Criminal
Investigation”.
a. Henry Fielding Bow Street Runners in 1749. London’s first professional police force.
b. Jonathan Wild “thief taker”
c. Sir Robert Peel Father of Modern Policing. Instituted the Metropolitan Police in London.
d. Eugene Francois Vidocq

2. Among the following personalities, who was the first
Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)?
a. Allan Pinkerton America’s Founder of Criminal Investigation
b. Insp. Thomas BynesAmerican founder of criminal “Modus Operandi” (“MO”) and

Rogues’ Gallery containing pictures of known offenders.
c. Edgar J. Hoover
d. Charles Dickens Introduce the term “DETECTIVE”
3. Who advocated the principle that goes: “Every perpetrator
leaves his mark or part of him in any place where the crime
took place”.
a. Hans Gross
b. Calvin Goddard
c. John Fielding
d. Edmond Locard
4. What rights which cannot be waived except in writing and
in the presence of the counsel?
a. Right to Appeal
b. Miranda Rights
c. Rights Against Double Jeopardy
d. Right to Public and Speedy Trial
Ans: B
“Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall
have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the
person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with
one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence
of counsel.” (Section 12 (1), of 1987 Constitution)
“No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.“ (Sec. 17)
“Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17

hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.” Section 12 (2)
Rights of Person Arrested or Under Investigation
a. To be informed of his right to remain silent;

b. To have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own
choice or to be provided with one if he/she can’t afford;
c. Rights against torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any
other means which vitiates the free will; and
d. Rights against being held in secret, solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar forms of detention.
RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER INVESTIGATION
(MIRANDA RIGHTS)
“You have the right to remain silent and to have a competent and
independent counsel of your choice, and if you cannot afford the
services of a lawyer, one shall be provided for free by the
government. Any statement made by you during investigation
may be used for or against you in any Court of Law of the
Philippines”
(These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the

presence of a counsel).”

RA 7438
(Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or
under Custodial Investigation)
Sec. 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or under Custodial Investigation; Duties

of Public Officers. - (a) Any person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation
shall at all times be assisted by counsel.
“Any public officer or employee x x x who arrests, detains or investigates any person
for the commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in a language known to and
understood by him, of his rights to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel, preferably of his own choice”.
(Sec. 2 para b, RA 7438)
5. These are acts punishable by penal laws.
a. Felony
b. Misdemeanor
c. Offense
d. Crime
6. The act or omission of certain individual that enable
another to facilitate criminal intent.
a. Motive
b. Instrumentality
c. Opportunity
d. Fault
7. To whose jurisdiction the authority to investigate any crime
or incident occurred in a certain area or territory, except when
it is directed by higher authorities to be investigated by other
unit or agency?
a. COP
b. SOCO
c. Police Station
d. CIDG
8. If the prober is incorruptible, therefore he possesses the
quality of being:
a. Persistent
b. Honest
c. Intelligent
d. Impartial
9. It is considered as the best means of identifying the
criminal, which can be taken during custodial investigation or
in an open court.
a. Fingerprint
b. DNA
c. Admission
d. Confession
10. This is known as unimpeachable evidence.
a. Circumstantial Evidence
b. Physical Evidence
c. Testimonial Evidence
d. Documentary Evidence
11. A discreet investigation by keeping persons, places,
vehicles, activities or other targets under physical observation
in order to obtain information.
a. Undercover Assignment
b. Casing
c. Shadowing
d. Surveillance
12. An informant who gave information from valid sources and
the reason of giving such information is to serve justice.
a. Mercenary
b. Confidential
c. Legitimate
d. Self Aggrandizing
• Anonymous
• False
• Rival – Elimination
• Frightened
• Double Crosser
13. This factor is the reason why an informant gives
information because he is bothered by his conscience
by possessing fruit of the crime or information that
would serve as key in the resolution of the case.
a. Vanity
b. Civic Mindedness
c. Fear
d. Contrition
14. Danilo Imperial who was convicted of the crime
kidnapping and 3 counts of murder gave information to SPO2
Ricardo Dalisay of the whereabouts and operation of his
group. The information given by the former can be classified
from what type of source?
a. Regular
b. Cultivated
c. Grapevine
d. Root source
15. Among the qualities of interviewer, which is the
least or not an ideal one.
a. Humility
b. Rapport
c. Interest
d. Gregarious
16. The skillful questioning of a person suspected of
having committed an offense.
a. Interview
b. Cognitive Interview
c. Interrogation
d. Custodial interrogation
17. A technique where investigator will utter convincing words
for the suspect to confide information about the case under
investigation.
a. Sympathetic approach
b. Emotional appeal
c. Stern approach
d. Mutt and Jeff approach
• Extenuation
• Shifting the Blame
• Bluff and Split Pair
18. When the searchers proceed slowly at the same pace along the path
of the rectangle and returned to another pace. This method of search
is:
a. Spiral
b. Grid
c. Lane
d. Zone
e. Wheel
19. When the investigator’s conclusion is made based on
theory. Collection of evidence will follow to prove his theory
is right. This method of judgment is:
a. Inductive
b. Deductive
c. Conclusive
d. Presumptive
20. The determination of the appearance of the crime
scene, place of objects and circumstances to determine
what actually occurred. This is known as crime scene ____:
a. Investigation
b. Reconstruction
c. Documentation
d. Appraisal
21. When the evidence are illegally obtained by law enforcement officer
in violations of suspect’s right, like search and seizure without warrant,
shall be inadmissible as evidence in court. This principle can be gleaned
in the case of:
a. Miranda vs. Arizona , 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

b. Mapp vs. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)
c. Silverthorne Lumber Co. vs. U.S, 252 U.S. 385 (1920)
d. People vs. Vera
22. A police operation purposely to seal off the probable exit
points of fleeing suspects from the crime scene to prevent their
escape.
a. Hot Pursuit
b. Dragnet
c. Oplan Double Barrel
d. Oplan Exodus
23. The transfer of materials from another source to a piece of
physical evidence. Is technically known as:
a. Mutilation
b. Alteration
c. Contamination
d. Chain of custody
24. Evidence which by its very nature or conditions at the
scene will lose its evidentiary value if not preserved and
protected.
a. Trace
b. Transient
c. Associative
d. Cumulative
25. Bulate, the cohort of Lawin, in ransacking the house of Don Emilio.
After taking numerous valuables from the said house, the former hide
in order not to be involved in the case filed against Lawin who was then
apprehended while pawning jewelries as his part from the proceeds of
the crime committed. What is the liability of Bulate?
a. Accessory
b. Principal
c. Accomplish
d. Robbery
26. This sketch contains a vanishing point and depicts
objects of evidence as they would appear to the eye
with reference to relative distance and depth.
a. Perspective
contains only one viewpoint and depicts objects on one plane.
b. Projection desirable to represent a sequence of events such as following the
c. Schematic trajectory of a bullet through a crime scene location.
used when describing a small area that is not easily incorporated into the
d. Detailed overall drawing due to the scale chosen for the rough or finished scale
drawing.
a. Projection contains only one viewpoint and depicts objects on one plane.
desirable to represent a sequence of events such as following the

b. Schematic trajectory of a bullet through a crime scene location.
c. Detailed used when describing a small area that is not easily incorporated into the
overall drawing due to the scale chosen for the rough or finished scale
drawing.
27. A measuring technique that utilizes single fixed
permanent objects within the crime scene usually
applied in outdoor scene.
a. Transecting Baseline Used to measure items of evidence when there are numerous objects in
the crime scene and other measuring techniques will not work.
b. Polar Coordinate
c. Rectangular Coordinate perpendicular objects, such as walls that meet at a 90-degree angle.
Used when measuring the distance to an object from two mutually
d. Triangulation Utilizes two fixed or permanent object within the crime scene.
Grid
Compass Point
Used to measure items of evidence when there are numerous objects in
a. Transecting Baseline the crime scene and other measuring techniques will not work.
b. Rectangular Coordinate Used when measuring the distance to an object from two mutually
perpendicular objects, such as walls that meet at a 90-degree angle.
c. Triangulation Utilizes two fixed or permanent object within the crime scene.
d. Grid
e. Compass Point
28. When the photograph needs to be accurately scaled. The
ruler must be on the same plane as the impression. The camera
lens must be perpendicular (90 degrees) to the subject. And the
use a level and tripod to position the camera accurately. These
procedures and techniques are observed when taking:
a. General Photograph
b. Over –all Photograph
c. Mid-Range Photograph
d. Close-Up Photograph
Ans: D
29. A process used to maintain and document the
chronological history of the evidence.
a. Custody of Evidence
b. Chain of Custody
c. Mutilation, Alteration and Contamination (MAC)
Principle
d. Documentation of Evidence
30. The collection of documents comprising information
concerning a particular investigation.
a. Documentary Evidence
b. Mittimus
c. Case Folder
d. Investigation Kit
31. A type of sketch that describe immediately the crime
scene.
a. Sketch in locality
b. Sketch of the ground
c. Sketch of details
d. Cross projection
32. This refers to the daily registry of all crime incident
reports, official summaries of arrest, and other significant
events reported in a police station.
a. Pink Blotter
b. Police Blotter
c. Police Log Book
d. Tickler
33. The investigation process that is undertaken to record
and document the information surrounding the arrest of
the suspects.
a. Booking
b. Booking of Arrested Suspect
c. Booking Photograph
d. Booking and Arrest
34. A police officer who determines the cause or motive of the crime,
identify and interview witnesses, and effect arrest of suspect. He is
sometimes called as case officer.
a. Investigator on Case
b. Case Manager
c. Detective
d. Crime Scene Operative
35. A act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
a. Murder
b. Genocide
c. Extermination
d. Murder
36. Which among the following is not a crime against
humanity?
a. Extermination
b. Enslavement
c. Torture
d. Homicide
36.C. An act committed with intent to destroy,
in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial
or religious group.
a. Murder
b. Genocide
c. Massacre
d. Multiple Killings
37. A group of two or more persons collaborating,
confederating or mutually helping one another for
the purposes of gain in the commission of any
crime.
a. Syndicated Crime Group

two or more persons with a common identifying sign or
b. Criminal Gang mark and engage in a pattern of criminal activities either
individually or as a group
c. Terrorist Group a structured group of three or more persons,
d. Organized Criminal Group existing for a period of time and acting or concert
with the aim of committing one or more serious
crimes or offenses in order to obtain, directly or
indirectly, a financial or other material benefits.
Ans: A
INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
INTERNATIONAL CRIMES has been defined as crimes
against the peace and security of mankind. Such acts become
“crimes” based on agreements between countries, called
conventions, or based on legal precedents that develop over time.
THE STATUTES OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL

COURT carefully enumerates and defined the most serious
International Crimes under the jurisdiction of the International
Criminal Court.
In December 11, 2009, the Philippine enacted REPUBLIC

ACT NO. 9851 otherwise known as the Philippine Acts on the
Crimes against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide,
and Other Crimes against Humanity. The law adopted the
international crimes enumerated under the Statutes of the New
66
International Criminal Court.
THE MOST SERIOUS INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
1. GENOCIDE – acts of (killing, physical destruction,

preventing birth, transferring children of the group to
another) committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
Skulls of the victims of
the Ntarama massacre
during the 1994
Rwanda genocide.
Two former party
officials, Mathieu
Ngirumpatse and
Edouard Karemera,
were given life in
prison for their roles in
the killings.
67
2. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY – means any of the

following acts when committed as part of a
widespread or systematic attack directed against any
civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:
a. EXTERMINATION – includes the intentional

infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the
deprivation of access to food and medicine,
calculated to bring about the destruction of part of
a population.
68
b. ENSLAVEMENT – the exercise of any or all of the
power attaching to the right of ownership over a
person and includes the exercise of such power in
the course of trafficking in persons, in particular
women and children
c. DEPORTATION OR FORCIBLE TRANSFER OF

POPULATION – means forced displacement of the
persons concerned by expulsion or other coercive
acts from the area in which they are lawfully
present, without grounds permitted under
international law.
69
d. TORTURE – the intentional infliction of
severe pain or suffering, whether
physical or mental, upon a person in
the custody or under the control of the
accuser.

e. FORCED PREGNANCY – the
unlawful confinement of a woman
forcibly made pregnant, with the intent
of affecting the ethnic composition of
any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.

f. PERSECUTION – the intentional and
severe deprivation of fundamental
rights contrary to international law by
reason of the identity of the group or
collectivity. 70
f. CRIME OF APARTHEID – inhumane acts of a character
similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in
the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic
oppression and domination by one racial group over any
other racial group or groups and committed with the
intention of maintaining that regime;

g. ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE OF PERSONS –
arrest, detention or abduction of persons by, or with the
authorization, support or acquiescence of, a State or a
political organization, followed by a refusal to
acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give
information on the fate or whereabouts of those person,
with the intention of removing them from the protection of
the law for a prolonged period of time.
71
3. WAR CRIMES – any of the following acts against

persons or property protected under the provisions of
the relevant Geneva Convention:

a. Willful killing;
b. Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological
experiments;
c. Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to
body or health;
d. Extensive destruction and appropriation of
property not justified by military necessity and
carried out unlawfully and wantonly;
72
3. WAR CRIMES:
e. Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other

protected person of the rights of fair and regular
trial;
f. Arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of

population or unlawful confinement;
g. Taking of hostages; and
h. Compelling a prisoner a prisoner of war or other

protected person to serve in the forces of a
hostile power.
73
38. This OCG structure are defined by the activities of key
individuals who engage in illicit activity in often shifting
alliances.
a. Criminal network
b. Core Group
c. Clustered Hierarchy
d. Regional Hierarchy
e. Standard Hierarchy
ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS STRUCTURES
1. STANDARD HIERARCHY – the most common form

of an OCG, that has one central figure with a
relatively clearly defined hierarchy. The leader
exacts discipline from his membership; it is marked
by identifiable social and ethic identities.
2. REGIONAL HIERARCHY – Despite having a

hierarchy that is characterized by a central
command, a degree of autonomy is given to
regional organizations that are under the group’s
control or influence.
75
3. CLUSTERED HIERARCHY – an association of

different organized crime groups coming together
under a body that oversees them. The different
OCGs under this body generally fall under the
standard hierarchy type.
4. CORE GROUP – Generally consists of a limited

number of individuals who form a relatively tight
and structured group to conduct criminal business.
Around this core group there may be a large
number of associate members or a network which
are used from time to time and depending on the
criminal activity in question. 77
5. CRIMINAL NETWORK – Are defined by the

activities of key individuals who engage in illicit
activity in often shifting alliances. Such individuals
may not regard themselves as being members of a
criminal group, and may not be regarded as a
criminal group by outsiders. Nevertheless they
coalesce around a series of criminal projects.
(SOCTA Philippines 2013)
78
39. D. Cressy elaborated OCG Model, wherein La
Cosa Nostra’s primary unit is the:
a. Family
b. Protectors
c. Boss
d. Consigliere
40. In the La Cosa Nostra, the head of the family is
the dictator, he is sometimes called the don or
“godfather.” He is addressed as:
a. Consigliere
b. Capos
c. Capo di Capi Re
d. Capo di Tuttii Capi
MODELS OF ORGANIZED CRIME
B. CRESSEY’S COSA NOSTRA MODEL
(Traditional) – an organized crime in which a
“bureaucratic” structure exists. The primary unit of
La Cosa Nostra is the family, which embodies
male members of Italian ancestry. Included in the
hierarchy are the following persons:

1. BOSS – The supreme leader, who oversees all
organizational endeavors and has final word on
decisions involving virtually all aspects of family
business. Capo di Tuttii Capi, the head of the
family, dictator, sometimes called the don or
“godfather.”
82
MODELS OF ORGANIZED CRIME
2. UNDERBOSS – works at the pleasure of the boss
and acts in his behalf when the boss is
incapacitated. Capo di Capi Re is the underboss,
usually appointed by the Boss, the second in
command of the family. He is in charge of all of the
Capos, who are controlled by the Boss. The
underboss is usually first in line to become Acting
Boss if the Boss is imprisoned or dies.

3. CONSIGLIERE (Counselors) – A close associate
of the boss, who enjoys a considerable amount of
influence and status in the family. The consigliere,
often a lawyer, serves the boss as a trusted advisor. 83
4. CAPOS or CAPOREGIME – sometimes called a
Captain is in charge of a crew, usually four to six
crews in each family. Capos run their own small
family, but must follow the limitations and guidelines
created by the Boss, as well as pay him his cut of
their profits.

5. SOLDIERS – the lowest-level members of the
family, also known as “wise guys,” “made guys,”
or “button men,” that report directly to the capo and
will often operate at least one specific criminal
enterprise. The soldier’s job is the constant search
for new sources of revenue for the family. Under the
soldiers are hundreds of nonfamily associates
who work on behalf of the family. 84
41. The Italian term mafioso means:
a. Our thing
b. Code of silence
c. Swagger
d. The same thing
42. The largest and most powerful triad that
operates and involved in all aspects of criminal
activity in Canada, Australia, Thailand, and Central
America.
a. Sun Yee On
b. Wo Hop To
c. Wo Shing Wo
d. 14K
42. The largest and most powerful triad that
operates and involved in all aspects of criminal
activity in Canada, Australia, Thailand, and Central
America.
a. Sun Yee On a Hong Kong-based organization and their influence have been
b. Wo Hop To documented in San Francisco.
have a very powerful influence Hong Kong, controlling extortion,
c. Wo Shing Wo drug trafficking, gambling, and prostitution.
the third largest Triads organization, with 25,000 members split into
d. 14K roughly 30 subgroups.
Ans: A
43. Yakuza means Japanese gangsters comes from the
Japanese term “yattsu, ku, zan” which are numerally
equivalent to:
a. 983
b. 686
c. 299
d. 893
45. The term Yakuza was originated from a card game known
as ____ which is usually played with a deck of
hanafuda (flower cards).
a. Tong-its
b. Oicho-Kabu
c. Buta no shippo
d. Fukuwarai
46. The bosses of the triads like in China and
Hong Kong are called :
a. Lionhead
b. Tigerhead
c. Dragonhead
d. Yakhead
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATION
1. CHINESE TRIADS – the Six Triads, as well as

smaller satellite group, form the world’s largest
criminal association, with over 100, 000 members
scattered throughout the world. Five (5) of these
Triads are centered in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and
have recently formed an alliance with the Great
Circle Triad in Shanghai.
The largest and most powerful is the Hong Kong-

based Sun Yee On Triad, a 56, 000-strong, involved
in all aspects of criminal activity in Canada,
Australia, Thailand, and Central America. 92
ORGANIZATION
 The Chinese Triad has close ties with the

Communist Government in Beijing.
 Triads known in North America as Tongs is led by a

“dragonhead,” administration by a “white paper
fan,” recruitment by an “incense master,” inter-
gang liaison by “straw sandals,” and enforcement
by “red poles.”

93
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION
2. ITALIAN CRIMINAL ENTERPRISES – commonly

thought of as the Mafia. These organizations are
generally organized on family or clan affiliations,
and have existed from centuries through a system
of power known as the sistema del potere. It is
composed of the following:

a) THE MAFIA – the Sicilian Mafia, or Cosa
Nostra (our affairs) is the most famous OCG in
the world, controlled from its historic home of
Palermo and consists of approximately 180
families with 5, 000 members. 94
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
The Mafia operates in more than 40 countries,

including the heroin-producing nations of the Far
East. La Cosa Nostra is an American organized
crime group with origins in the Sicilian Mafia. The
primary unit of La Cosa Nostra is the family, which
embodies male members of Italian ancestry.
b)THE CAMORRA – based in Naples, Italy, is made

up of 30 clans with approximately 6, 000 members.
The Camorra is known to have strong ties with the
Russian Mafiya.
95
ORGANIZATION
c) ‘NDRANGHETA – The third of the four Italian

criminal enterprises. It consists of approximately
140 cells with perhaps 5, 300 members, and is
based out of Calabria. This group has been
particularly active in heroin trafficking in the U.S in
major East Coast cities using pizza shops as front
for heroin trafficking.

d) SACRA CORONA UNITA (SACRED CROWN) –
this relatively new group, founded in the 1970,
consists of 20 clans with approximately 1, 400
members. It is concentrated in Puglia, Italy.
96
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
3. THE RUSSIAN MAFIYA – known in Russia as the

reketiry, or racketeers. In the U.S., it is known as
the Russian Organized Crime and Colloquial
(Redfellas). The Mafiya is consists of approximately
100, 000 members organized into as many as 300
identifiable, structured groups.
Of these, three are dominant:
a. the Brigade of the Sun,

b. the Odessa Mafia, and
c. the Armenian Organized Crime groups.
97

BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
 The Mafiya was essentially born on the day the
former Soviet Union collapsed. The Mafiya is bound
by an 18 part “Thieves’ Code,” or vorovskoy
zakon.
 A typical Mafiya organized-crime group is led by a

boss, or pakhan, controlling criminal cells through
an intermediary called a “Brigadier.” Each of the
group’s cells has a specialty, such as drugs,
prostitution, political contacts, enforcement,
smuggling, rackets, and protection.
98
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
4. JAPANESE YAKUZA –
• Japan Police called them
Boryokudan
• They called themselves
Ninkyō Dantai.
Its roots can be traced back to

the early 1600s, when roving
bands of eccentric samurai,
known as kabuki-mono (crazy
ones) terrorized villages,
defended by the machi-yokko
(servants of the town). 99
 The Yakuza did not begin to flourish until the later
1700s, when bands of bakuto (gamblers), tekiya
(street peddlers), and gurentai (general hoodlums)
began to form into loose groups.
 Yakuza adopted the traditional Japanese

hierarchical structure of oyabun-kobun (foster
father and child).
 The man who brought the Yakuza to its present

prominence in Japan’s legal and illegal economies
was Kazuo Taoka, the leader of the Yamaguchi-
gumi faction from the mid-1940s until his death in
1981.
100
PRINCIPAL FAMILIES IN YAKUZA:
1. The Yamaguchi-gumi is the biggest yakuza family,
accounting for 50% of all yakuza in Japan, with more
than 55,000 members divided into 850 clans.
2. The Sumiyoshi-kai is the second largest yakuza
family, with an estimated 20,000 members divided
into 277 clans.
3. The Inagawa-kai is the third largest yakuza family in
Japan, with roughly 15,000 members divided into
313 clans.
4. The Aizukotetsu-kai is the fourth largest yakuza
family in Japan, with roughly 7,000 members.
 The term YAKUZA was originated from a card
game known as Oicho-Kabu a card game which the
goal is to draw three cards adding up to a value of 9.
 YATTSU, KU, ZAN - 893; if sum-up 20 – losing hand.
 Yubitsume ( 指詰め , "finger shortening")
 Observed the Code of Jingi (justice and duty) was
developed where loyalty and respect are a way of
life.
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
5. COLUMBIAN DRUG CARTELS – virtually all of the

world’s coca leaves and cocaine base are grown
and produced in the three Andean countries of Peru
and Bolivia (70%) and Colombia (30%). From this
base, the traffickers manufacture cocaine
hydrochloride. Historically, almost all of this supply
has been distributed by traffickers operating out of
Medellin and Cali, Colombia – the two most
notorious Colombian drug cartels.

103
a) MEDELLIN CARTEL – prior to its collapse in the
late 1980s, drug kingpins operating from Medellin,
Colombia, controlled the world’s cocaine trade. The
most infamous of the Medellin kingpins was:
a.1. Pablo Escobar Gaviria, the leading drug figure of

the Medellin Cartel from the mid-1980s until his
death during a rooftop shootout with Colombian
Police and army commandos on December 2,
1993.
a.2. Juan David Ochoa-Vasques, imprisoned at

Envigado in 1990-1995, still controls the Ochoa
family drug business, remains one of the most
powerful of the Colombian drug organizations. 104
Other Medellin bosses includes:
a. Gustavo de Jesus Gaviria Rivero, Escobar’s

cousin and right-hand man; and
b. Jose Gonzalo Rodrigues Gacha, aka “El

Mexicano,” reputed to be the most violent of
them all. He was killed in a shootout with
Colombian National Police in Cartagena. The
death of Gacha and Gaviria combined with other
incidents, made way to the Cali Cartel to begin a
rise to prominence.
105
b) CALI CARTEL – is now responsible for 80% of the
world’s cocaine supply – over 600 metric tons per
year. During the late 1980s, the group assumed
effective control of the Peru-Bolivia-Colombia
cocaine production and distribution trade. The
cartel’s rise to prominence was based on the use of
sound business practices: Colombian police officers
refer to los caballeros (the gentlemen) of Cali in
contrast to los hampones (the hoodlums) of
Medellin.
106
c) CARTEL DE LA COSTA – one of the two new and
prominent Colombian drug-trafficking organizations
to emerge following the arrests of most of the major
bosses of the Medellin and Cali cartels. This group
used the traditional Colombian smuggling routes
through the Caribbean corrider, avoiding the
Mexican distributors, distributes as much cocaine in
Europe.
d) NORTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA TRAFFICKERS

– these new, independent traffickers share many of
the characteristics of the early Medellin kingpins –
running smaller, extremely aggressive and violent
groups – rather than the highly structured, centrally
controlled, and businesslike Cali organizations. 107
BIG 6 INTERNATIONAL
6. MEXICAN CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS: THE
MEXICAN FEDERATION – there are four major
groups from Mexico under the umbrella of the
Mexican Federation that control the majority of the
heroin, cocaine, and marijuana production,
smuggling, and distribution in Mexico and the
western U.S. border; and a fifth group that
dominates the methamphetamine trade.

a) GULF CARTEL – this group was headed by Juan
Garcia Abrego until his arrest on January 14,
1996, as one of the FBI’s 10 most wanted
fugitives. 108
b) JUAREZ CARTEL – until his death in early July
1997 (from liposuction surgery), Amado Carrillo-
Fuentes ran the Cartel, considered the most
powerful of the four major drug-trafficking
organizations in Mexico and the de facto leader of
the Mexican Federation.
c) SONORA CARTEL – headed by Miguel Caro-

Quintero, notwithstanding his incarceration in
Mexico since 1989. With the assistance of his
brothers Jorge and Genaro, Miguel remains the
effective leader of the Cartel. This group focuses on
the transshipment of cocaine for the Cali Cartel,
cultivation and distribution of marijuana and
methamphetamine. 109
d) TIJUANA CARTEL – led by Alberto Benjamin
Arellano-Felix based at Tijuana, Mexico,
considered the most violent of the Mexican cartels.
Alberto’s lieutenants include his 6 brothers and 4
sisters.

e) AMEZQUA ORGANIZATION – although not
considered one of the four groups of Mexican
federation, the Organization is nonetheless a major
force in Mexican and U.S. methamphetamine trade.
Led by the Amezqua-Contreras brothers (Jesus,
Adan, and Luis), operating out of Guadalajara, and
is the world’s largest smuggler of ephedrine.
110
47. Who among are the Richest Drug Lords in the world
in 2017?
a. Frank Lucas
b. Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar
c. Ochoa Vázquez Brothers
d. Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela
FRANK LUCAS. Born in North Carolina,
USA in 1930, Frank Lucas expanded his
hold in the international drug business
from New York to South-east Asia. He
broke the monopoly of the Italian mafia
and made huge profits from illegal drugs
and particularly heroin.
His life has been dramatically depicted in

the movie American Gangster played by
Denzel Washington. His net worth is $52
billion.
• DAWOOD IBRAHIM was born on
26th of December, 1955 in
Allahabad district in India. With his
brother Shabir Ibrahim, he formed
the D-Company in Mumbai. He
allegedly heads an illegal empire in
India and financed the 1993
Mumbai bombings.
Since then he has become the most wanted man in India.

Apart from drug peddling, he is involved in arms
trafficking, one of the biggest threat to world -terrorism,
and also of Bollywood financing etc. He was declared as a
global terrorist by the U.S. and India. He is believed to be
in hiding in Pakistan at present and currently on the
wanted list of Interpol. His net worth is $6.7 billion.
OCHOA VÁZQUEZ BROTHERS. Jorge
Luis, Juan David, and Fabio were three
brothers who along with some others
formed the Medellin Cartel in
Columbia. The Cartel smuggled tons of
cocaine into countries all over the
world and amassed vast profits.
Compared to the Cali Cartel, it was
involved in violence. The three
brothers work together and have a net
worth of $6 billion and have been
moving in and out of prison.
GILBERTO RODRÍGUEZ OREJUELA. He was born
on 30th of January, 1939, in Mariquita, is a
Colombian drug lord and ex-leader of the Cali
Cartel. The Cali Cartel was formed by Gilberto
and his brother Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela in
the 1970s. They were mainly associated with
marijuana trafficking. In the 1980s they also
took to cocaine trafficking. The Cali Cartel
supplied 80% of the U.S. and 90% of the
European cocaine market. In September 2006,
both Gilberto and Miguel were sentenced to
prison for 30 years. Gilberto’s net worth is $3
billion.
48. Who was known as the "Godmother of Cocaine“. She was a drug
lord who operated between Miami and Colombia during the 1970s and
1980s. During the height of her operation, she smuggled nearly 3,500
pounds (1,600 kg) of cocaine into the US every month through a well
established network in south Florida.
a. Griselda Blanco
b. Nadia del Toro
c. Leonarda Cianciulli The Soap-Maker of Correggio. The most notorious woman serial killer.
d. Selena Gomez
49. He remains publicly the most powerful and
wealthiest drug lord in history.
a. José Santacruz-Londoño
b. Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela
c. Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela
d. Pablo Escobar
50. In early times in Colombia and other Spanish speaking
countries, police officers were called to los caballeros
meaning:
a. The Police
b. The Enforcers
c. The Gentlemen
d. The Hoodlums los hampones
51. The highest position in any drug cartel, responsible for
supervising the entire drug industry, appointing territorial
leaders, making alliances, and planning high-profile
executions.
a. Capos Drug Lords
b. Lugartenientes Lieutenants
c. Sicarios Hitmen
d. Halcones Falcons
52. Joaquín Guzmán was the most wanted drug
trafficker in Mexico led the _____ a breakaway of
Guadalajara Cartel.
a. Sinaloa Cartel
b. Tijuana Cartel
c. Juárez Cartel
d. Gulf Cartel
53. To date, this country is known as the world's largest
producer of opium drug.
a. Afghanistan
b. Myanmar
c. Laos
d. Thailand
CODE OF CONDUCT OF ORGANIZE CRIME
(OMERTA CODE)
1. Be loyal to members of the organization. Don’t
interfere with each other’s interests and don’t be
an informer.
2. Be a man of honor and always do right. Respect
women and your elders. Do not rock the boat.
3. Be rational. Be members of the team. Do not
engage in battle if you cannot win.
4. Be a stand-up guy. Keep your eyes and ears open
and your mouth shut. Don’t sell out.
5. Have class. Be independent. Know your way
around the world. 122
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZED
The characteristics/features of an OCG operating in the

Philippines, to wit:

1. Capability
2. Organizational Structure
3. Composition – highly structured and complex
4. Disposition – members have infiltrated a vast variety
of legitimate businesses that circumvent controls.
5. Resources:
a. High profile strength
b. Highly sophisticated logistical support
c. Highly specialized training and indoctrination
123
6. Networking/connection

a. Well-entrenched and fluid network
b. Tight operating linkages and influence with law
enforcement and other government agencies.
c. Initiated and maintained through bribery and
corruption of public officials.
7. Modus operandi – It is the distinct pattern of how a

crime is committed and is established by a series of
crimes under one classification.

d. High profile
e. Difficult to counter
f. Violence and intimidation 124
8. Personalities – Attained high level or criminal

prominence influence and linkages not only in their
AOR but also outside of its boundaries.

9. Motive – organizational profit, notoriety, influence
and advantage.
10. Nature of criminal activity – Crimes that are

high profile, sensational, large-scale, diversified
and have major impact on the economy and
national security.
125
11. Time, duration and frequency:
a. Long-term goals
b. Regularized operations
c. Widespread, transcend provincial, regional,
national or even international political
boundaries.
126
54. An act whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity
are transacted, thereby making them appear to have
originated from legitimate sources.
a. Bouncing Check
b. Money Laundering
c. Swindling
d. Counterfeiting
55. The initial introduction of illegal funds into the financial
system. Such as banks and other financial institutions who are
engaging to lending and crediting.
a. Administration
b. Engagement
c. Settlement
d. Placement
• LAYERING – transferring of funds to other
financial institution or business which can be
done electronically and secretly.
• INTEGRATION – money is back into the
legitimate economy through the purchase of
properties, businesses and other investments.
MONEY LAUNDERING
SCHEME
56. What particular law punishes the act of using without consent of the
trademark owner of any reproduction, counterfeit, copy or colorable
imitation of any registered mark or trade name in connection with the
sale, offering for sale, or advertising of any goods, business or services.
a. RA No. 8293 Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
b. RA No. 3019 Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
c. RA No. 9160 Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001
d. RA No. 9851 Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide,
and Other Crimes Against Humanity
57. Piracy is a robbery or forcible depredation on the high seas, without
lawful authority and done with animo furandi and in the spirit and
intention of universal hostility. As provided in Art. 122 of the RPC.
ANIMO FURANDI means:
a. Intention to harm Animo nocendi

b. Intention to steal
c. Intention to remain in one place Animus manendi
d. intention to transfer property Animus donandi

57. Piracy is a robbery or forcible depredation on the high seas, without
lawful authority and done with animo furandi and in the spirit and
intention of universal hostility. As provided in Art. 122 of the RPC.
ANIMO FURANDI means:
a. Intention to harm Animo nocendi

b. Intention to steal
c. Intention to remain in one place Animus manendi
d. intention to transfer property Animus donandi
Ans: B
58. This is the act of violent and dishonest acquisition
of property.
a. Robbery
b. Theft
c. Plunder
d. Burglary
59. The premeditated, politically motivated attack against information,
computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in
violence against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or
clandestine agents.
a. Cyber crime
b. Cyber terrorism
c. Cyber prostitution
d. Cyber security
60. This group is also known as the Islamic State of Lanao?
a. MNLF
b. Maute Group Led by Abdullah Maute
c. Abu Sayyaf Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Philippines Province
Literally known as “Father of Swordsmith”
d. BIFF Founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani
60. This group is also known as the Islamic State of Lanao?
a. MNLF
b. Maute Group Led by Abdullah Maute
c. Abu Sayyaf Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Philippines Province
Literally known as “Father of Swordsmith”
d. BIFF Founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani
Ans: B
61. The Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighter is an Islamic
militant organization based in Mindanao. It was founded by:
a. Ameril Umbra Kato

b. Ismael Abubakar BIFF leader from 2008 to present.
c. Habib Mujahab Hashim MNLF commander.
d. Hashim Salamat MILF founder.
Ans: A
62. The recruitment, transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of
persons with or without the victim's consent or knowledge, within or
across national borders by means of threat or use of force, or other
forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or of
position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the
giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a
person having control over another person for the purpose of corruption.
a. Harboring of Person
b. Trafficking in Person
c. Transporting of Person
d. Deportation of Person
63. Al-Qaeda means:
a. The Fundament
b. The Placard
c. The one who submit thyself
d. Salema
64. The term “Al-Harakat Al-Islamiyya” means:
a. Islamic Movement
b. The Society of the Muslim Brothers Jamiat al-Ikhwan al-muslimun
c. Islamic Foundation
d. Islamic Frontliners
65. What gang group in the Philippines known in utilizing
deceit to facilitate their objective of taking ones property or
money?
a. Salisi Gang
b. Martilyo Gang
c. Budol-Budol Gang
d. Bukas-Kotse Gang
66. This organization facilitates cross-border police co-operation,
and supports and assists all organizations, authorities and services
whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime.
a. United Nation
b. Aseanapol
c. Europol
d. Interpol
67. What organization has the official language in
Spanish , Arabic, French and English?
a. Interpol
b. Aseanapol
c. Europol
d. United Nation
68. The official headquarters of this organization is in New
York City, United States.
a. Interpol Lyon, France
b. United Nation
c. Europol
d. Aseanapol Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
68. The official headquarters of this organization is in New
York City, United States.
a. Interpol Lyon, France
b. United Nation
c. Europol
d. Aseanapol Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ans: B
69. Group of 7 are countries with the largest advanced economies in
the world represent more than 62% of the global net wealth. G7
composed the counties of:
a. Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and Russia

b. Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, United States
and Russia
c. Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, United Kingdom and
United States.
d. Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United
States.
70. Who is Interpol’s Secretary General?
a. Antonio Gutteres UN
b. Jurgen Stock
c. Jeppe Tranholm-Mikkelsen EU
d. Rodrigo Duterte
UN (United Nations)
• The United Nations is an intergovernmental
organization tasked to promote international co-
operation and to create and maintain international
order.
• The name "United Nations", coined by United States
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the
Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942,
during Second World War.
• Secretary General: Antonio Guterres
• President: Miroslav Lajčák (Sept 11, 2017)
• Founded: 24 October 1945, San Francisco, California, US
• Headquarters: New York, New York City, US
• Official Language – Spanish, Arabic, French, English, Chinese, Russian
• Member Country: – 193 Countries
UN Main Organs
1. General Assembly - main deliberative, policymaking
and representative organ.
2. Security Council – primary responsibility is
maintenance of international peace and security. With
15 Member Countries.
• China
• Bolivia (2018)
• France • Côte d’Ivoire (2019)
• Equatorial Guinea (2019)
• US • Ethiopia (2018)
• Kazakhstan (2018)
• UK • Kuwait (2019)
• Russia • Netherlands (2018)
• Peru (2019)
• Poland (2019)
• Sweden (2018)
3. Economic and Social Council – With 54 Members, The principal body
for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations
on economic, social and environmental issues.
4. Trusteeship Council - provide international supervision for 11 Trust
Territories
5. International Court of Justice - Peace Palace in the Hague
(Netherlands). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with
international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United
Nations organs and specialized agencies. With 124 Member Countries.
6. Secretariat – Secretary-General as the Chief Administrative Officer.
The SG is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation
of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term.
INTERPOL
International Criminal Police Organization
This organization facilitates cross-border police
co-operation, and supports and assists all
organizations, authorities and services whose
mission is to prevent or combat international
crime.
• Headquarters: Lyon France
• Founder: Johannes Schober
• Founded: 7 September 1923, Vienna, Austria
• Agency Executives:
• Meng Hongwei, President
• Jürgen Stock, Secretary General
• Governing body: INTERPOL General Assembly
• Abbreviation: ICPO-INTERPOL
• Member Countries – 192 Countries
• Language – Spanish, Arabic, French, English
71. This information warn police, public bodies and other international
organizations of possible threats to them from hidden weapons, parcel
bombs and other dangerous items or material.
a. Black Notice
b. Yellow Notice
c. Orange Notice
d. Green Notice
NOTICES issued by INTERPOL
• Red Notice - To seek the arrest with a view to

extradition of subjects wanted and based upon an
arrest warrant.
• Green Notice - To provide warnings and criminal

intelligence about persons who have committed
criminal offences, and are likely to repeat these
crimes in other countries.
• Blue Notice - To collect additional information about a person's
identity or illegal activities in relation to a criminal matter.
• Yellow Notice - To help locate missing persons, especially minors, or
to help identify persons who are not able to identify themselves (e.g.
those suffering from amnesia)
• Orange Notice - To warn police, public bodies and other international
organizations of possible threats to them from hidden weapons,
parcel bombs and other dangerous items or material.
• Black Notice - To seek the true identity of unidentified bodies.

• PURPLE NOTICE - To seek or provide information on modus operandi,
objects, devices and concealment methods used by criminals.
• INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Special Notice
Issued for groups and individuals who are the targets of UN Security
Council Sanctions Committees.
ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional
intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian
countries that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates
economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural
integration amongst its members and other Asian states.
• Members: Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Philippines, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Laos, Brunei Trending
• Founded: 8 August 1967
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
• Founders: Adam Malik, Narciso Ramos, Abdul Razak Hussein, Thanat
Khoman, S. Rajaratnam
• Secretary-General - Dato Lim Jock Hoi
DRUG EDUCATION & VICE CONTROL
1. A chemical substance used as a medicine or in making
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have
potential for abuse.
a. Poison
b. Food
c. Medicine
d. Drug
International Classification
• Narcotics Substance. Any drug that produces sleep or stupor and also
relieves pain.
• Psychotropic substances. Any substance, natural or synthetic or any
natural material that have a high potential for dependence and abuse.
• Designer Drugs
Legal Classification (Philippines)

• Dangerous Drugs (RA 9165)
• Prohibited Drugs VS Regulated Drugs (RA 6425)
• Volatile Substances (PD 1619)
2. The administration of drugs through the
capillaries of the lungs.
a. Snorting
b. Inhaling
c. Injecting
d. Ingesting
3. The common signs of drug addiction are
changes in, except:
a. Behavior
b. Appearance
c. Temperament
d. Figure
4. Nicotine is a nitrogen-containing chemical - an
alkaloid, which is made by several types of plants,
including the tobacco plant. Its metabolite is:
a. Cotinine
b. Ticonine
c. Cotine
d. Tinine
5. If drug produces untoward effects or symptoms of
poisoning. The consumption is:
a. Minimal
b. Maximal
c. Toxic
d. Abusive
e. Lethal
DRUGS, How it works?
• MINIMAL DOSE - small amount needed having
therapeutic effects
• MAXIMAL DOSE – large amount to produce desired
therapeutic effects
• TOXIC DOSE – amount of drugs that create symptoms of
poisoning
• ABUSIVE DOSE – improper or misuse producing side
effects
• LETHAL DOSE – amount of drugs that may cause death
6. Introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of
the skin.
a. Injection
b. Inhalation
c. Topical
d. Iontophoresis
DRUGS, How it is administered?
1. INJECTION a technique for delivering drugs by
parenteral administration.
• Intravenous – Sending drugs directly into the vein
using a needle or tube.
• Intramuscular - injection technique used to deliver
a medication deep into the muscles.
• Subcutaneous – injection of drug into the tissue
layer between the skin and the muscle.
OTHER MODE OF PARENTERAL INJECTION
Intra-peritoneal – injection through peritoneum, a thin,
transparent membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal
(peritoneal) cavity and contains/encloses the abdominal organs
such as the stomach and intestines.
Intra-cardiac - injections that are given directly into the heart

muscles or ventricles.
Intra-articular - a joint injection, is a procedure used in the
treatment of inflammatory joint conditions.
Intra-cavernous - injection is an injection into the base of the
penis.
2. ORAL - the safest most convenient and
economical route
• Ingestion - process of taking food, drink, or
another substance into the body by swallowing
or absorbing it.
• Sublingual - substances diffuse into the blood
through tissues under the tongue.
• Buccal - Placing a drug between your gums and
cheek, where it also dissolves and is absorbed
into your blood.
3. INHALATION - inhaling of drugs or
substance in the form of a gas or vapor
through the nose.
4. TOPICAL – applying drugs directly to a part of

the body, also known as “transdermal”
5. SUPPOSITORY – administering drugs through

the rectum.
DRUGS, administered by other means
• Intraosseous infusion the process of injecting directly into the
marrow of a bone.
• Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is

placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the mouth or nose.
• Iontophoresis - Process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a

voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the
stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electro-osmosis and the
electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin.
7. What drug that is known as “sacred tree’?
a. Opium poppy
b. Cannabis
c. Coca plant
d. Mushroom
DRUGS, brief history
1. CANNABIS
• Marijuana (cannabis sativa l.) also known as Indian Hemp is
the world’s oldest cultivated plant started by the “Incas of
Peru”. Assyrians called it as “sacred tree” and being used
during religious rituals, some 9000 years BC.
• First introduction was in Northern Iran as intoxicant.
• The word “hashis” (resin) of the marijuana plant was derived
from the name Hasan or Hasashin, the Muslim Cult Leader
who fed his disciples a preparation made from the resin of
the female hemp plant as a reward for the successful
activities in assassinations.
2. OPIUM POPPY
• Knowledge on the opium poppy plant (Papaver Somniferum) goes
back about 7000 years B.C. It was cultivated and prepared by the
Sumerians even the ancient Greek physician Hypocrates, the father
of medicine, prescribed the juice of the white poppy plant as early as
5,000 B.C. in the belief that it can cure many illnesses both in the
internal and external use.
• The plant was first harvested in Mesopotamia and its use spread
throughout the neighboring Mediterranean areas, then to Asia. From
there, it was introduced to Persia, Indian and China by the Arab.
• The milky fluid that oozes from the seedpod of the poppy is
opium. The bright red poppy flowers is referred as hul gil, “the joy
plant.”
3. MORPHINE
• In 1803, German Pharmacist Friedrich W. Serturner
discovered Morphine, the first derivative of opium. He called
this new drug as the Morphium and later change to
Morphine after the Greek God of dream, Morpheus.
• Morphine addictive properties came to prominence during

the American civil war was numbers of Americans Soldier
became addictive to the drug so much so that morphine
addiction became known as soldiers disease.
4. HEROIN
• Synthesized from the drug morphine also called as

diacetylemorphine or diamorphine
• It was discovered by a British Chemist in the name of
Charles Romely Alder Wright, in 1898.
• It was called the Miracle Drug.
• Heroin is the most addictive of all drugs.
5. CODEINE
• First isolated in 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet, a

French chemist. The name, "codeine" comes from the
Greek word that refers to the head of the poppy plant.
• The process of discovering other drugs that could cure
opium, morphine, and heroin addiction but it also
ended in the same tragic result.
• Today, it was widely used as an ingredient in most
cough syrup.
6. COCAINE
• From COCA BUSH PLANT

• Scientific Name ERYTHROXYLON COCA
• Active Ingredient is BENZOYLMETHYLECGONINE
• It was first isolated from coca leaves by German chemist
Albert Niemann, in 1859.
• Sigmund Freud promoted cocaine as a safe and useful tonic that
could cure depression and sexual impotence.
• John Pemberton included cocaine as the main ingredient in his
new soft drink, Coca Cola, in 1886.
7. METHAMPHETAMINE
• Stimulant drug usually used as a white, bitter-tasting
powder or a pill.
• Discovered by Japanese chemist named Nagai
Nagayoshi in 1893. He isolated ephedrine
from Ephedra sinica, as synthesized meth.
• Akira Ogata, a younger protégé of Nagai, discovered a
new method of synthesizing the crystalline form of the
new stimulant, giving the world crystal meth, in 1919.
• With chemical name of Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride
8. ECSTACY
• The common name for:
3,4Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
• Primary use as recreational drugs.
• First synthesized in 1912 by German chemist ANTON
KÖLLISCH.
• ALEXANDER SHULGIN known as the Godfather of Ecstasy, he
introduced the drug to west coast psychotherapists in the
late 70s and developed 200 psychoactive compounds in his
home laboratory.
8. The user’s tendency to increase the dose of the
drug to produce the same effect as to that of the
original effect.
a. Addiction
b. Tolerance
c. Withdrawal
d. Craving
9. This is known as the cancer causing component
of tobacco smoking.
a. Nicotine
b. Tar
c. Toluene
d. Carbon monoxide
10. The reinstatement of offender’s previous level of
functioning which includes social, emotional, physical and
economic aspects of a drug dependent.
a. Withdrawal
b. Treatment
c. Rehabilitation
d. Correction
11. This law provides both voluntary submission program
and compulsory confinement for the rehabilitation and
treatment of drug dependents.
a. RA 10575
b. RA 9165
c. Senate Bill No. 1354
d. RA 6425
12. A state of psychic or physical reliance on drug which
is arising in a person.
a. Addiction
b. Dependence
c. Habituation
d. Delinquency
13. This involves the application of an analytical procedure
to identify the presence of a specific drug or metabolites.
a. Preliminary Test
b. Biological Test
c. Confirmatory Test
d. Physical Test
14. The process of separating mixture and comparing the
migration of each component with standard.
a. Chromatography
b. Spectroscopy
c. Gas
d. Thin Layer
e. High-Pressure Liquid
16. Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) are examples of
what type of poison?
a. Volatile
b. Gas
c. Metallic
d. Corrosive
17. These drugs are produced illicitly by means of chemical
technology. They can cause uncontrollable tremors, chills, or
sweating and faintness and paranoia when injected or taken in pill
form.
a. Designer
b. Narcotic
c. Hallucinogens
d. Depressants
DRUGS, Pharmacological Classification
STIMULANTS A class of psychoactive drug that increase activity in the brain.

Samples are COCAINE, METHAMPHETAMINE, MDMA (Ecstasy)
Drugs can slow brain and body activity, includes SEDATIVES,

DEPRESSANTS TRANQUILIZERS and HYPNOTICS.
HALLUCINOGENS Drugs that alter a person's perception of reality.

Samples are LSD, PSILOCYBIN, MESCALINE
NARCOTICS Medically referred to any psychoactive compound with sleep-

inducing properties.
Samples are: OPIUM and DERIVATIVES , CANNABIS, COCAINE (Org)
METHADONE and PETHIDINE (Synthetic)
18. The refers to the study of the time, course of the processes
including the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion of drug that undergoes in the body.
a. Pharmacology
b. Pharmacodynamics
c. Pharmacokinetics
d. Pharmacokery
The study of drugs and their origin, natural properties, and effects
on living organisms.
The study of the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action.
PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACODYNAMICS
The study of the time, PHARMACOKINETICS

course of the processes including the
absorption, distribution, metabolism,
TOXICOLOGY and excretion of drug that
undergoes in the body.
The branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and

detection of poisons.
Is a scientist, accustomed to determining questions of causation
involving medications and illicit drugs and may serve as Expert
Witness in certain types of litigation, testifying concerning the
mechanism of action of drugs, causation of some adverse reactions
or side effects of drugs. PHARMACOLOGIST
Is a Healthcare Professional PHARMACIST

whose mission is to accurately and
safely deliver drugs to patients. Identification of Drugs, Doses, and
Drug Interactions. TOXICOLOGIST
Is a scientist who deal with drugs, they are primarily concerned with
the toxic effects of drugs. May serve as Expert Witnesses in legal
matters testifying as to the side effects and adverse reactions of
drugs.
19. Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the
unlawful acts of manufacturing and distributing drugs uses
his/her influence, power or position in harboring the operation.
a. Pusher
b. Practitioner
c. Financier
d. Coddler
20. Cardo who was apprehended during the PNP Double
Barrel Operation, under Art 2, Section 11 of RA 9165 he is
criminally liable for:
a. Use of Dangerous Drugs 15
b. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus 12
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs

c. Possession of Dangerous Drugs
d. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
5
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemical
20. Cardo who was apprehended during the PNP Double
Barrel Operation, under Art 2, Section 11 of RA 9165 he is
criminally liable for:
a. Use of Dangerous Drugs 15
b. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus 12
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs

c. Possession of Dangerous Drugs
d. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
5
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemical Ans. D
21. Ancient Assyrians cultivated this plant and
named it as “sacred tree”. It is also considered as
the world’s oldest cultivated plant and the source
of dangerous drugs.
a. Opium Poppy
b. Coca Plant
c. Cannabis Sativa
d. Papaver Somniferum
21. Ancient Assyrians cultivated this plant and
named it as “sacred tree”. It is also considered as
the world’s oldest cultivated plant and the source
of dangerous drugs.
a. Opium Poppy
b. Coca Plant
c. Cannabis Sativa
d. Papaver Somniferum
Ans. C
22. In the World Drug Report 2018 released by UN-
ODC , what particular family of drug named as the
most harmful, affecting about 29.5M people globally?
a. Methamphetamine
b. Cannabis
c. Opioids
d. Cocaine
23. Alejandro suffered from a viral infection that causes liver
inflammation, which sometimes leading to serious liver
damage. Such infection is usually spreads through
contaminated blood. The World Drug Report 2018,
highlighted the scientific evidence for this disease causing
greatest harm among people who use drugs. Thus,
Alejandro is suffering from:
a. HIV
b. Hepatitis A
c. Hepatitis B
d. HCV
24. Which does not belong to the group?
a. Afghanistan
b. India
c. Iran
d. Pakistan
Ans. B
• THE GOLDEN CRESCENT The name given to one of Asia's two
principal areas of illicit opium production, located at the crossroads of
Central, South, and Western Asia. This space overlaps three nations,
Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, whose mountainous peripheries
define the crescent.
• THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE The area where the borders of Thailand,
Laos, and Myanmar meet at the confluence of the Ruak and Mekong Rivers.
25. This police operation focuses on a massive and
reinvigorated conduct of anti-illegal drugs operations targeting
illegal drugs personalities and drug syndicates.
a. Project Double Barrel

b. Project Tokhang
c. Project HVT
d. Project Tokhang Reloaded
• PNP ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUGS CAMPAIGN PLAN –
PROJECT: "DOUBLE BARREL" Composed of two pronged approach,
namely:
1. PROJECT TOKHANG a practical and realistic means of accelerating the drive

against illegal drugs in affected barangays. This concept involves the conduct of
house to house visitations to persuade suspected illegal drug personalities to
stop their illegal drug activities.
Five (5) stages in the conduct of "PROJECT TOKHANG" namely:

a. Collection and Validation of Information Stage,
b. Coordination Stage,
c. House to House Visitation Stage,
d. Processing and Documentation Stage, and
e. Monitoring and Evaluation Stage.
2. PROJECT HIGH VALUE TARGET (HVT) a massive and
reinvigorated conduct of anti-illegal drugs operations
targeting illegal drugs personalities and drug
syndicates.
Primary implementing arm:

Anti-Illegal Drugs Group (AIDG)
26. Joe was apprehended selling shabu to Michael,
what specific provision of RA 9165 does the former
violated?
a. Section 5
b. Section 6
c. Section 8
d. Section 11
27. What is the capacity of school teachers or
professors and administrators in cases that
students were identified using illegal drugs in the
school campus premises?
a. Law Enforcer
b. Agent
c. Person in Authority
d. Messenger
DRUGS, Existing Law
REPUBLIC ACT 9165
AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT
OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS
THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING
FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Short Title: “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”

Approved: June 7, 2002
By: President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo
ARTICLE II: UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES
SEC. 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into
the Philippines any dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and
purity involved, including any and all species of opium poppy or any
part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral,
decorative and culinary purposes.
Penalty: life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million
pesos (P10,000,000.00)
b. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import any
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day
to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand
pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
c. any person, who, unless authorized under this Act, shall import or
bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical through the use of a diplomatic
passport, diplomatic facilities or any other means involving his/her
official status intended to facilitate the unlawful entry of the same. In
addition, the diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and canceled.
Penalty: Maximum Penalty
d. any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a “financier”
of any of the illegal activities.
e. any person, who acts as a protector/coddler of any violator

Penalty: Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00).
SEC. 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade,

administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute,
dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including
any and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity
and purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such
transactions.
Penalty: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00).
b. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer,
dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or
transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or shall act as
a broker in such transactions.
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00).
c. If the sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution

or transportation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical transpires within one hundred (100) meters from the
school
d. For drug pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated
individuals as runners, couriers and messengers, or in any other
capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals trade.
e. If the victim of the offense is a minor or a mentally incapacitated

individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor
and essential chemical involved in any offense herein provided be the
proximate cause of death of a victim thereof.
SEC. 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort.
a. any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort
where any dangerous drug is used or sold in any form.
Penalty: life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos(P10,000,000.00)
b. any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or

resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or
sold in any form.
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
c. any dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a
minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place.
d. Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the

death of a person using the same in such den, dive or resort
the maintainer, owner and/or operator.
Penalty: Death and a fine ranging from One million
(P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00)
SEC. 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort.
a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature
of the place as such; and
b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next
preceding paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such
and shall knowingly visit the same.
SEC. 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall engage in the

manufacture of any dangerous drug.
Penalty: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
b. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall manufacture any

twenty (20) years and fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
c. It shall be considered an aggravating circumstance if the clandestine
laboratory is undertaken or established under the following circumstances:
(a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence
or with the help of minor/s;
(b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken
within one hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or
school premises;
(c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
(d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business
operations; or
(e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or
foreigner.
SEC. 9. Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals.
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall illegally divert any
SEC. 10. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus,
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
a. any person who shall deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or

manufacture with intent to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and
other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under circumstances
where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate,
cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce,
process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain or conceal any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
b. If it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise
introduce into the human body a dangerous drug.
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one
(1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00)
c. any person, who uses a minor or a mentally incapacitated

individual to deliver such equipment, instrument, apparatus
and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs
SEC. 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the
following quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
1) 10 grams or more of opium;
2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”;
6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
7) 500 grams or more of marijuana;
8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or “ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine
(PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma
hydroxybutyrate (GHB),
Penalty: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
b. if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing
quantities, the penalties shall be graduated as follows:
1) if the quantity of methamphetamine hydrochloride
or “shabu” is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty
(50) grams;
Penalty: Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from
Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00),
2) if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but
less than ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or
cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil,
methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous drugs
such as, but not limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB,
and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their
derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or three hundred
(300) grams or more but less than five hundred (500) grams of
marijuana;
Penalty: Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00
3) if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of
opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine
hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous drugs such as, but not
limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those
similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives,
without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is
far beyond therapeutic requirements; or less than three hundred
(300) grams of marijuana.
Penalty: Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from Three hundred thousand
pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00)
SEC. 12. Possession of Equipment , Instrument, Apparatus
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs .
a. any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess or have
under his/her control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming, administering,
injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous drug into the body:
Provided , That in the case of medical practitioners and various
professionals who are required to carry such equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia in the practice of their profession
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from 6 months and 1 day to 4 years and
a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand
pesos (P50,000.00)
SEC. 13. Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings.
a. Any person found possessing any dangerous drug

during a party, or at a social gathering or meeting, or in
the proximate company of at least two (2) persons
regardless of the quantity and purity of the dangerous
drugs.
Penalty: Maximum Penalty provided in Section 11
SEC. 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During Parties,
Social Gatherings or Meetings.
a. any person, who shall possess or have under his/her control

any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming,
administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social gatherings
or meetings, or in the proximate company of at least two (2)
persons.
Penalty: Maximum Penalty provided in Section 12
SEC. 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs.
a. A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be
positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory
test, shall be imposed a penalty of:
a.1.) first offense - minimum of six (6) months
rehabilitation in a government center
a.2.) second offense - shall suffer the penalty of
imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day
to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand
pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00).
SEC. 16. Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as
Dangerous Drugs or Are Sources Thereof.
a. any person who shall plant, cultivate or culture marijuana,
opium poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity,
which is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug
or as a source from which any dangerous drug may be
manufactured or derived.
Penalty: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million
pesos (P10,000,000.00)
SEC. 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of
Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
a. any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler, importer,
distributor, dealer or retailer who violates or fails to comply
with the maintenance and keeping of the original records of
transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and one (1)
day to six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00)
SEC. 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs.
a. Any practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug

to any person whose physical or physiological condition does
not require the use or in the dosage prescribed therein.
Penalty: Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of
the revocation of license to practice.
ARTICLE III: DANGEROUS DRUGS TEST AND RECORD
REQUIREMENTS
SEC. 36. Authorized Drug Testing . – Authorized drug testing shall
be done by any government forensic laboratories or by any of the
drug testing laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to
safeguard the quality of test results. xxx
The following shall be subjected to undergo drug testing:

1. Applicants for driver’s license
2. Applicants for firearm’s license and for permit to carry firearms
outside of residence
3. Students of secondary and tertiary schools.
4. Officers and employees of public and private offices.
5. Officers and members of the military, police and other law

enforcement agencies.
6. All persons charged before the prosecutor’s office with a

criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of
not less than six (6) years and one (1) day.
7. All candidates for public office whether appointed or elected

both in the national or local government.
ARTICLE IV: PARTICIPATION OF THE FAMILY, STUDENTS,
TEACHERS AND SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN THE
ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT
SEC. 41. Involvement of the Family . – The family being

the basic unit of the Filipino society shall be primarily
responsible for the education and awareness of the
members of the family on the ill effects of dangerous
drugs and close monitoring of family members who
may be susceptible to drug abuse.
SEC. 42. Student Councils and Campus Organizations.
– All elementary, secondary and tertiary schools’
student councils and campus organizations shall
include in their activities a program for the prevention
of and deterrence in the use of dangerous drugs, and
referral for treatment and rehabilitation of students for
drug dependence.
SEC. 43. School Curricula. – Instruction on drug abuse
prevention and control shall be integrated in the
elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all
public and private schools, whether general, technical,
vocational or agro-industrial as well as in non-formal,
informal and indigenous learning systems.
SEC. 44. Heads, Supervisors, and Teachers of Schools . – For
the purpose of enforcing the provisions of Article II of this Act,
all school heads, supervisors and teachers shall be deemed
persons in authority and, as such, are hereby empowered to
apprehend, arrest or cause the apprehension or arrest of any
person who shall violate any of the said provisions, pursuant
to Section 5, Rule 113 of the Rules of Court. They shall be
deemed persons in authority if they are in the school or within
its immediate vicinity, or even beyond such immediate vicinity
if they are in attendance at any school or class function in their
official capacity as school heads, supervisors, and teachers.
ARTICLE V : PROMOTION OF A NATIONAL DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE
PROGRAM WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE AND LABOR SECTORS
AND THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
SEC. 47. Drug-Free Workplace. – It is deemed a policy of the State to

promote drug-free workplaces using a tripartite approach. With the
assistance of the Board, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
shall develop, promote and implement a national drug abuse prevention
program in the workplace to be adopted by private companies with ten
(10) or more employees. Such program shall include the mandatory
drafting and adoption of company policies against drug use in the
workplace in close consultation and coordination with the DOLE, labor and
employer organizations, human resource development managers and other
such private sector organizations.
ARTICLE VI: PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE AND LABOR
SECTORS IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT
SEC 49. Labor Organization and Private Sector – All labor

unions, federations, associations or organization in
cooperation with the respective private sector partners shall
include in their collective bargaining or any similar
agreements, joint continuing programs and information
campaigns for the laborers.
ARTICLE VII: PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
SEC. 51. Local Government Units’ Assistance. - Local

government units shall appropriate a substantial
portion of their respective annual budgets to assist in
or enhance the enforcement of this Act giving priority
to preventive or educational programs and the
rehabilitation or treatment of drug dependents.
SEC. 52. Abatement of Drug Related Public Nuisances .
– Any place or premises which have been used on two
(2) or more occasions as the site of the unlawful sale or
delivery of dangerous drugs may be declared to be a
public nuisance, and such nuisance may be abated,
pursuant to the following procedures:
1. Any city or municipality may, by ordinance, create an
administrative board to hear complaints regarding the
nuisances;
2. Any employee, officer, or resident of the city or municipality
may bring a complaint before the Board after giving not less
than three (3) days written notice of such complaint to the
owner of the place or premises at his/her last known address:
and
3. After hearing in which the Board may consider any evidence,
including evidence of the general reputation of the place or
premises, and at which the owner of the premises shall have an
opportunity to present evidence in his/her defense, the Board
may declare the place or premises to be a public nuisance.
ARTICLE VIII : PROGRAM FOR TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF
DRUG DEPENDENTS
SEC. 54. Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to Confinement,
Treatment and Rehabilitation. – A drug dependent or any person who
violates Section 15 of this Act may, by himself/herself or through his/her
parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of
consanguinity or affinity, apply to the Board or its duly recognized
representative, for treatment and rehabilitation of the drug dependency.
• Examination by a DOH-accredited physician is a must.
• Upon order of the Court to undergo treatment and rehabilitation in a Center
designated by the Board for a period of not less than six (6) months:
• Confinement in a Center for treatment and rehabilitation shall not exceed
one (1) year
SEC. 55. Exemption from the Criminal Liability under the
Voluntary Submission Program. – A drug dependent under the
voluntary submission program, who is finally discharged from
confinement, shall be exempt from the criminal liability under
Section 15 of this Act.
Conditions:
1. He/she has complied with the rules and regulations of the Center.
2. He/she has never been charged or convicted of any offense
punishable under this Act.
3. He/she has no record of escape from a Center.
4. He/she poses no serious danger to himself/herself, his/her family
or the community by his/her exemption from criminal liability .
SEC. 58. Filing of Charges Against a Drug Dependent Who is Not
Rehabilitated under the Voluntary Submission Program. – A drug
dependent, who is not rehabilitated after the second commitment to
the Center under the voluntary submission program, shall, upon
recommendation of the Board, be charged for violation of Section 15 of
this Act and prosecuted like any other offender. If convicted, he/she
shall be credited for the period of confinement and rehabilitation in the
Center in the service of his/her sentence.
SEC. 59. Escape and Recommitment for Confinement and

Rehabilitation under the Voluntary Submission Program. – Should a
drug dependent under the voluntary submission program escape from
the Center, he/she may submit himself/herself for recommitment
within one (1) week therefrom.
SEC. 60. Confidentiality of Records Under the Voluntary
Submission Program. – Judicial and medical records of drug
dependents under the voluntary submission program shall be
confidential and shall not be used against him for any purpose.
xxx
SEC. 61. Compulsory Confinement of a Drug Dependent Who

Refuses to Apply under the Voluntary Submission Program. -
Notwithstanding any law, rule and regulation to the contrary,
any person determined and found to be dependent on
dangerous drugs shall, upon petition by the Board or any of its
authorized representative, be confined for treatment and
rehabilitation in any Center duly designated or accredited for
the purpose.
SEC. 62. Compulsory Submission of a Drug Dependent
Charged with an Offense to Treatment and Rehabilitation. –
If a person charged with an offense where the imposable
penalty is imprisonment of less than six (6) years and one (1)
day, and is found by the prosecutor or by the court, at any
stage of the proceedings, to be a drug dependent, the
prosecutor or the court as the case may be, shall suspend all
further proceedings and transmit copies of the record of the
case to the Board.
SEC. 63. Prescription of the Offense Charged Against a Drug
Dependent Under the Compulsory Submission Program. –
The period of prescription of the offense charged against a
drug dependent under the compulsory submission program
shall not run during the time that the drug dependent is under
confinement in a Center or otherwise under the treatment
and rehabilitation program approved by the Board.
SEC. 66. Suspension of Sentence of a First-Time Minor Offender. – An
accused who is over fifteen (15) years of age at the time of the
commission of the offense mentioned in Section 11 of this Act, but not
more than eighteen (18) years of age at the time when judgment should
have been promulgated after having been found guilty of said offense,
may be given the benefits of a suspended sentence, subject to the
following conditions:
a) He/she has not been previously convicted of violating any provision
of this Act, or of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended, or
of the Revised Penal Code, or of any special penal laws;
b) He/she has not been previously committed to a center or to the care
of a DOH-accredited physician; and
c) The Board favorably recommends that his/her sentence be
suspended.
ARTICLE IX : DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD AND PHILIPPINE
DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
SEC. 77. The Dangerous Drugs Board . – The Board shall be

the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the
planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug
prevention and control. It shall develop and adopt a
comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national
drug abuse prevention and control strategy. It shall be under
the Office of the President.
SEC. 78. Composition of the Board. – The Board shall be composed of
seventeen (17) members wherein three (3) of which are permanent
members, the other twelve (12) members shall be in an ex-officio
capacity and the two (2) shall be regular members.
The other twelve (12) members who shall be ex officio members of the
Board are the following:
1) Secretary of the Department of Justice or his/her representative;
2) Secretary of the Department of Health or his/her representative;
3) Secretary of the Department of National Defense or his/her
representative;
4) Secretary of the Department of Finance or his/her representative;
5) Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment or his/her
representative;
6) Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government or
his/her representative;
7) Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or
his/her representative;
8) Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or his/her representative;
9) Secretary of the Department of Education or his/her representative; 10)
Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education or his/her representative;
11) Chairman of the National Youth Commission; and
12) Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
SEC. 81. Powers and Duties of the Board . – The Board shall:
a) Formulate, develop and establish a comprehensive,
integrated, unified and balanced national drug use
prevention and control strategy;
b) Promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary
to carry out the purposes of this Act, including the manner
of safekeeping, disposition, burning or condemnation of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical under its charge and custody, and
prescribe administrative remedies or sanctions for the
violations of such rules and regulations;
c) Conduct policy studies, program monitoring and
evaluations and other researches on drug prevention,
control and enforcement;
d) Initiate, conduct and support scientific, clinical,

social, psychological, physical and biological researches
on dangerous drugs and dangerous drugs prevention
and control measures;
e) Develop an educational program and information drive on
the hazards and prevention of illegal use of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical based
on factual data, and disseminate the same to the general
public, for which purpose the Board shall endeavor to make
the general public aware of the hazards of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical by
providing among others, literature, films, displays or
advertisements and by coordinating with all institutions of
learning as well as with all national and local enforcement
agencies in planning and conducting its educational campaign
programs to be implemented by the appropriate government
agencies;
f) Conduct continuing seminars for, and consultations
with, and provide information materials to judges and
prosecutors in coordination with the Office of the Court
Administrator, in the case of judges, and the
Department of Justice, in the case of prosecutors,
which aim to provide them with the current
developments and programs of the Board pertinent to
its campaign against dangerous drugs and its scientific
researches on dangerous drugs, its prevention and
control measures;
g) Design special trainings in order to provide law
enforcement officers, members of the judiciary, and
prosecutors, school authorities and personnel of
centers with knowledge and know-how in dangerous
drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals control in coordination with the Supreme
Court to meet the objectives of the national drug
control programs;
h) Design and develop, in consultation and
coordination with the DOH, DSWD and other agencies
involved in drugs control, treatment and rehabilitation,
both public and private, a national treatment and
rehabilitation program for drug dependents including a
standard aftercare and community service program for
recovering drug dependents;
i) Design and develop, jointly with the DOLE and in
consultation with labor and employer groups as well as
non-government organizations a drug abuse prevention
program in the workplace that would include a
provision for employee assistance programs for
emotionally-stressed employees;
j) Initiate and authorize closure proceedings against
non-accredited and/or sub-standard rehabilitation
centers based on verified reports of human rights
violations, subhuman conditions, inadequate medical
training and assistance and excessive fees for
implementation by PDEA;
k) Prescribe and promulgate rules and regulations
governing the establishment of such centers, networks
and laboratories as deemed necessary after conducting
a feasibility study in coordination with DOH and other
government agencies.
l) Receive, gather, collect and evaluate all information
on the importation, exportation, production,
manufacture, sale, stocks, seizures of and the
estimated need for any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, for which
purpose the Board may require from any official,
instrumentality or agency of the government or any
private person or enterprise dealing in, or engaged in
activities having to do with any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals such data
or information as it may need to implement this Act;
m) Gather and prepare detailed statistics on the
importation, exportation, manufacture, stocks, seizures
of and estimated need for any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals and such
other statistical data on said drugs as may be
periodically required by the United Nations Narcotics
Drug Commission, the World Health Organization and
other international organizations in consonance with
the country’s international commitments;
n) Develop and maintain international networking
coordination with international drug control
agencies and organizations, and implement the
provisions of international conventions and
agreements thereon which have been adopted
and approved by the Congress of the Philippines;
o) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics,
doctors, dentists and other practitioners to submit a
report to it, in coordination with PDEA, about all
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals-related cases to which they have
attended for statistics and research purposes;
p) Receive in trust legacies, gifts and donations of real
and personal properties of all kinds, to administer and
dispose the same when necessary for the benefit of
government and private rehabilitation centers subject
to limitations, directions and instructions from the
donors, if any;
q) Issue guidelines as to the approval or disapproval of
applications for voluntary treatment, rehabilitation or
confinement, wherein it shall issue the necessary
guidelines, rules and regulations pertaining to the
application and its enforcement;
r) Formulate guidelines, in coordination with other
government agencies, the importation, distribution,
production, manufacture, compounding, prescription,
dispensing and sale of, and other lawful acts in connection
with any dangerous drug, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals and other similar or analogous substances of such
kind and in such quantity as it may deem necessary according
to the medical and research needs or requirements of the
country including diet pills containing ephedrine and other
addictive chemicals and determine the quantity and/or quality
of dangerous drugs and precursors and essential chemicals to
be imported, manufactured and held in stock at any given
time by authorized importer, manufacturer or distributor of
such drugs;
s) Develop the utilization of a controlled delivery
scheme in addressing the transshipment of dangerous
drugs into and out of the country to neutralize
transnational crime syndicates involved in illegal
trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals;
t) Recommend the revocation of the professional
license of any practitioner who is an owner, co-owner,
lessee, or in the employ of the drug establishment, or
manager of a partnership, corporation, association, or
any juridical entity owning and/or controlling such drug
establishment, and who knowingly participates in, or
consents to, tolerates, or abets the commission of the
act of violations as indicated in the preceding
paragraph, all without prejudice to the criminal
prosecution of the person responsible for the said
violation;
u) Appoint such technical, administrative and other personnel as
may be necessary for the effective implementation of this Act,
subject to the Civil Service Law and its rules and regulations;
v) Establish a regular and continuing consultation with

concerned government agencies and medical professional
organizations to determine if balance exists in policies,
procedures, rules and regulations on dangerous drugs and to
provide recommendations on how the lawful use of dangerous
drugs can be improved and facilitated; and
w) Submit an annual and periodic reports to the
President, the Congress of the Philippines and the
Senate and House of Representatives committees
concerned as may be required from time to time, and
perform such other functions as may be authorized or
required under existing laws and as directed by the
President himself/herself or as recommended by the
congressional committees concerned
SEC. 82. Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
will serves as the implementing arm of the Board, and shall be
responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the
provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of

Undersecretary, who shall be responsible for the general administration
and management of the Agency. The Director General of the PDEA shall
be appointed by the President of the Philippines and shall perform such
other duties that may be assigned to him/her. He/she must possess
adequate knowledge, training and experience in the field of dangerous
drugs, and in any of the following fields: law enforcement, law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work.
• The Director General of the PDEA shall be assisted in
the performance of his/her duties and responsibilities
by (likewise appointed by the President)
1. Assistant Secretary for Administration
2. Assistant Secretary for Operations

• For purposes of carrying out its duties and powers as provided for in the
succeeding Section of this Act, the PDEA shall have the following Services,
namely:
1. Intelligence and Investigation;
2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs;
3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement;
4. Plans and Operations;
5. Compliance;
6. Legal and Prosecution;
7. Administrative and Human Resource;
8. Financial Management;
9. Logistics Management; and
10.Internal Affairs.
SEC. 84. Powers and Duties of the PDEA . – The PDEA
shall:
a) Implement or cause the efficient and effective
implementation of the national drug control strategy
formulated by the Board thereby carrying out a
national drug campaign program which shall include
drug law enforcement, control and prevention
campaign with the assistance of concerned
government agencies;
b) Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of
Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful acts and
penalties involving any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical and
investigate all violators and other matters involved in
the commission of any crime relative to the use, abuse
or trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical as provided for in this
Act and the provisions of Presidential Decree 1619;
c) Administer oath, issue subpoena and subpoena
duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation
involving the violations of this Act;
d) Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators

and seize or confiscate, the effects or proceeds of the
crimes as provided by law and take custody thereof, for
this purpose the prosecutors and enforcement agents
are authorized to possess firearms, in accordance with
existing laws;
e) Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs
and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals
seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national,
provincial or local law enforcement agency, if no longer
needed for purposes of evidence in court;
f) Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in

every province and city in order to facilitate action on
seized or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its
destruction without delay;
g) Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and
other assets of persons and/or corporations found to be
violating the provisions of this Act and in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Act of
2001;
h) Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate

criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws on dangerous
drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and
other similar controlled substances, and assist, support and
coordinate with other government agencies for the proper
and effective prosecution of the crime.
i) Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in
coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and the
Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages,
parcels and mails in the central post office, which
appear from the package and address itself to be a
possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, through
on-line or cyber shops via the internet or cyberspace;
j) Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or

illegal growth of plants from which dangerous drugs
may be extracted;
k)Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide
organization which shall coordinate and supervise all
activities against drug abuse in every province, city,
municipality and barangay with the active and direct
participation of all such local government units and
nongovernmental organizations, including the citizenry,
subject to the provisions of previously formulated
programs of action against dangerous drugs;
l) Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence
system in cooperation with law enforcement agencies,
other government agencies/offices and local
government units that will assist in its apprehension of
big-time drug lords;
m) Establish and maintain close coordination,

cooperation and linkages with international drug
control and administration agencies and organizations,
and implement the applicable provisions of
international conventions and agreements related to
dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;
n) Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement
unit to conduct an investigation, file charges and
transmit evidence to the proper court, wherein
members of the said unit shall possess suitable and
adequate firearms for their protection in connection
with the performance of their duties: Provided, That no
previous special permit for such possession shall be
required;
o) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics,
doctors, dentists and other practitioners to submit a
report to it, in coordination with the Board, about all
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals which they have attended to for
data and information purposes;
p) Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the

issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and regulations
for the proper implementation of this Act.
q) Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug
prevention and drug control programs, where it may
enlist the assistance of any department, bureau, office,
agency or instrumentality of the government, including
government-owned and/or controlled corporations, in
the anti-illegal drugs drive, which may include the use
of their respective personnel, facilities, and resources
for a more resolute detection and investigation of drug-
related crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers;
r) Submit an annual and periodic reports to the Board
as may be required from time to time, and perform
such other functions as may be authorized or required
under existing laws and as directed by the President
himself/herself or as recommended by the
congressional committees concerned
28. As defined by UNODC, it refers to global illicit trade
involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and
sale of substance which are subject to drug prohibition
laws.
a. Drug Smuggling
b. Drug Trafficking
c. Drug Trade
d. Drug Proliferation
29. This is known as the main substance in
the preparation of shabu?
a. Ketabu
b. Ephedrine
c. Tetrahydrocannabinol
d. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
30. Which is considered as the place of
cultivation, plantation and production of illegal
drugs?
a. Middle East
b. America
c. Europe
d. Africa
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
1. This is the systematic administration and operation of
traffic.
a. Traffic Administration
b. Traffic Management
c. Traffic Control
d. Traffic Accident Analysis
Ans. B
2. The movement or conveying of persons and goods from one
place to another.
a. Traffic
b. Transportation
c. Exile
d. Banishment
Ans. B
3. This pillar concerns with changes in urban and rural
environment which may result in transport congestion.
a. Engineering
b. Education
c. Enforcement
d. Environment
e. Economy
Ans. D
4. A path established over land for the passage of vehicles,
people, and animals.
a. Highway
b. Urban Street
c. Rural Street
d. Road
Ans. D
5. The condition of overcrowding or excessive numbers of
vehicles moving or passing on the street making their
movement slow or difficult.
a. Traffic
b. Traffic Jam
c. Traffic Congestion
d. Traffic Accident
Ans. C
6. Two cars were collided due to defective traffic light in an
intersections of Apolinario and Mabini Streets that suddenly
caused the congestion of vehicles in the said thoroughfares.
The factor causing traffic accident and congestion may be
identified as:
a. Physical Inadequacy
b. Poor Control Measures
c. Human Errors
d. Poor Maintenance
Ans. B
7. These are devices, procedures, and communication
systems that help vehicles and vessels safely share the
same roads. This is known as traffic ____.
a. Control
b. Signs
c. Light
d. Markings
Ans. A
8. A power operated traffic control device by which traffic is
warned or directed to take specific control of vehicles. This
is traffic____.
a. Control
Any device mounted on portable support whereby a message is conveyed
b. Signs by means of words or symbols officially installed for the purpose of
regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
c. Light
d. Markings
Ans. C
9. Traffic sign that is triangular in shape and have a red
coloured border is known as:
a. information sign
b. instruction sign
c. direction sign
d. caution sign
Ans. D
10. In single continuous line on a four-lane road, what
particular traffic lines are assigned for slow moving vehicles?
a. Line 1 and 2
b. Line 3 and 4
c. Line 1 and 4
d. Line 2 and 3
Ans. C
1 2 3 4
11. These are masonry in the roadway to establish physical
channels through which vehicular traffic is guided.
a. Traffic Lines
b. Traffic Islands Division Islands
c. Pedestrian Lane Channelizing Island
Rotary Islands
d. Traffic Signs
Ans. B
12. The “reaction” of the driver to his perception to escape
from a collision course or otherwise avoid a hazard.
a. Perception of Hazard Disengagement

Stopping
b. Start of Evasive Action Injury
c. Initial contact
d. Maximum Engagement
Ans. B
13. A police responsibility which requires adequate training
and experience on the part of the police to make them more
effective in their enforcement efforts while assigned in the
field.
a. Detection
b. Apprehension
c. Prosecution
d. Adjudication
e. Penalization
Ans. A
14. Cardo, while riding his Innova, crossed in an intersection where the
red traffic light is blinking. A traffic officer apprehended him because he
didn't stop for a while, then continue riding/moving. Before given a
citation, he was informed by the officer about the traffic regulations.
This pertains to giving of:
a. Visual warning Traffic Warning

b. Verbal warnings Traffic Citation
Traffic Arrest
c. Written warnings
d. Decision of Enforcement
Ans. B
15. The act of evading responsibility is a term commonly used
to a traffic accident in which a driver fails to comply with any
of the duties required as stopping, giving aid, and revealing his
identity.
a. Hot Pursuit
b. Hit and Run
c. Reckless Driving
d. Overloading
Ans. B
16. Selective observation of traffic way to detect
violations and deter possible violators.
a. Stationary
b. Conspicuous
c. Visible
d. Concealed
Ans. A
17. This is known as the Clean Air Act.
a. R.A. 8749
b. R.A. 8750 Seat Belt Law
c. P.D. No. 96 An act regulating the use of siren, bell and horn.
d. RA 4136
Ans. A
18. The general principle applied during overtaking in any
traffic way is turn to the ____.
a. Right
b. Left
c. Back
d. Over
Ans. B
19. For Passenger Cars traversing in an on open country roads,
with no blind corners not closely bordered by habitations, must
travel with the speed of 80 km/hour. This is for:
a. Minimum allowable speed

b. Medium allowable speed
c. Maximum allowable speed
d. Minimum allowable speed in the expressways
Ans. C
20. An accident happened at the NLEX due to heavy rain,
slippery road and the driver, Piolo, was experiencing alcohol
hangover. The factor are considered as:
a. Perception
b. Operational
c. Sequential
d. Simultaneous
Ans. D
FIRE TECHNOLOGY & ARSON
INVESTIGATION
1. This is a product of chemical reaction through rapid
oxidation of combustible materials accompanied by
the release of energy in the form of heat and light.
a. Heat
b. Light
c. Fuel
d. Fire
Ans. D
2. The oxygen must fall in how many percent before the flame
will gradually extinguished.
a. 21%
b. 15%
c. 12%
d. 10%
Ans. B
3. If a flat iron is already been power off and the was burned,
the fire can be treated as:
a. Class A or C
b. Class A or B
c. Class C or D
d. Class A or D
Ans. D
4. In fire tetrahedron theory, the chemical chain
reaction is represented by:
a. Burning
b. Flame
c. Fuel
d. smoke
Ans. A
5. This product of combustion will cause any individual to be
disorientated and stop from thinking and breathing.
a. Carbon monoxide
b. Carbon dioxide Cause coughing
c. Nitrogen oxide Breath faster
d. Nitric Acid
Ans. A
6. Smoke are present but there is no flame can be seen during
this stage.
a. Incipient stage no visible smoke or flame
b. Smoldering stage
c. Flame stage Actual fire exists and heat builds up
d. Heat stage uncontrolled spread of superheated air
Ans. B
7. Among the extinguishing agents, what extinguishes Class D Fires
only.
a. Dry Powder
b. We Chemical
c. Halon
d. MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
Ans. A
Fire Extinguisher Summary
EXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST
PRESSURIZED COOLING
WATER
CARBON SMOTHERING
DIOXIDE
MULTIPURPOSE
DRY CHEMICAL SMOTHERING
HALON SMOTHERING
COMBUSTIBLE
SMOTHERING D
METAL
COOLING/
WET CHEMICAL
SMOTHERING 329
8. The spread of fire in structures chiefly spread the
heat which is called as:
a. Radiation
b. Convection
c. Conduction
d. Friction
Ans. B
9. An electric hazard that results when electrical
current crosses the gap between 2 electrical
conductors.
a. Arcing production of incandescent particles
b. Sparking
c. Sparkling
d. Kindling
Ans. A
10. John gathered dried leave, stalks and barks in order to
expedite the cleaning of wild pig. What did John prepared?
a. Plant Flammable material
b. Trailer Flammable substance
c. Accelerant Flammable chemicals

d. Road
Ans. A
11. The operation undertaken by firefighter purposely
conducted to displace toxic gases.
a. Extinguishment Fire is to be removed.
b. Salvage Protect properties against damage.
c. Ventilation
d. Overhaul Checking of structure
e. Cover exposure Preventing fire not to spread to

another bldg.
Ans. C
12. The operation of removing people and other livestock
from the burning building and other involved properties,
conveying them to a secure place.
a. Rescue
b. Evacuation
c. Transfer
d. Safekeeping
Ans. A
13. When the aggregated cost of damages gutted by fire is not
more than 30 million pesos, who shall have the authority to
conduct an investigation?
a. Chief, BFP 65 million pesos
b. City Fire Marshal

c. Provincial Fire Marshal 25 million pesos
d. District Fire Marshal 35 million pesos
Ans. B
14. A fatal condition that takes place when the fire resists
extinguishment operation and becomes stronger and bigger
instead.
a. Flashover Dust explosion
b. Backdraft Violent fire due to sudden mixture of heat and fuel to the oxygen.
c. Biteback
d. Flashfire
Ans. C
15. This stage of arson investigation includes Collection of Facts/Data,
Analysis of Data, Develop Hypothesis. If found out that setting fire is
intentional, the activity shall be followed by Cause Build-up.
a. Fire Cause Determination

b. Search, Recognize, Collect/Preserve Evidence
c. Fire Pattern Analysis
d. Fire Scene Investigation
Ans. A
THEREFORE,
EXAMINEE NEEDS:
LOGIC
Science of CORRECT THINKING
1. Read COMPREHENSIVELY 1. APPREHENSION

and ANALYZE the STEM.
2. CORRELATE the STEM & 2. REASONING

CHOICES.
3. Choose BEST or NEAREST 3. JUDGEMENT

ANSWER.
IN ANSWERING THEREFORE;
EXAMINEE MUST KNOW ABOUT
TERMINOLOGY
(Expresses a concept and definite)
KEYWORD KEY ANSWER

(A significant word/phrase) (Always CORRECT)
FINAL ASSESSMENT
SPO2 Cardo a member of Crime Scene Processing Team of Los
Abenos City Police Department. As he is recovering evidences in a
homicide case that took place in a motel couple of hours ago,
What photographic view is best applicable if he will take picture
of the crime scene.
a. Long Range
b.Mid-Range
c. Medium View
d.Total Take
The cylindrical passage through which the
bullet travels?
a. Barrel
b. Trajectory
c. Rifling
d. Bore
Which among the following is an ordinary
method of identification?
a. Fingerprint Identification
b. Anthropometry
c. DNA Fingerprinting
d. Police Line-Up
FINDINGS
1. Despite reading, failed to identify the
KEYWORDS.
2. Lack of TERMINOLOGY familiarization.
3. Failure to CORRELATE STEM and CHOICES.
4. No SYSTEM/TECHNIQUE in answering.
5. RUSHING in giving answers.
In taking the
CRIMINOLOGIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION
It is not only answering or shading the letter of choice

that matters.
I need to be Intellectually, Psychologically, Emotionally and Physically

prepared.
I have to employ SYSTEMS and TECHNIQUES in answering to

arrive in a correct answer.
Most importantly, FOCUS and MOMENTUM must strengthened in me.
With this, I WILL SUCCED.

KEY OF TOPPING/PASSING THE CLE
SUCCESS
REQUIRES
SARCRIFICE

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PHD Psychology Education – in progress

National Reviewer/Lecturer – CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW

CEO, MEGS ACADEMICS AND PUBLICATIONS

a. Act of prosecution of proceeding no further in a

a. Abrasion, contusion, incision, Laceration,

b. Jonathan Wild “thief taker”

d. Eugene Francois Vidocq

a. Allan Pinkerton America’s Founder of Criminal Investigation

b. Insp. Thomas BynesAmerican founder of criminal “Modus Operandi” (“MO”) and

“No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.“ (Sec. 17)

“Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17

a. To be informed of his right to remain silent;

(These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the

Sec. 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or under Custodial Investigation; Duties

a. Miranda vs. Arizona , 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

desirable to represent a sequence of events such as following the

a. Syndicated Crime Group

THE STATUTES OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL

In December 11, 2009, the Philippine enacted REPUBLIC

1. GENOCIDE – acts of (killing, physical destruction,

2. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY – means any of the

a. EXTERMINATION – includes the intentional

c. DEPORTATION OR FORCIBLE TRANSFER OF

3. WAR CRIMES – any of the following acts against

e. Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other

f. Arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of

g. Taking of hostages; and

h. Compelling a prisoner a prisoner of war or other

1. STANDARD HIERARCHY – the most common form

2. REGIONAL HIERARCHY – Despite having a

3. CLUSTERED HIERARCHY – an association of

4. CORE GROUP – Generally consists of a limited

5. CRIMINAL NETWORK – Are defined by the

1. CHINESE TRIADS – the Six Triads, as well as

The largest and most powerful is the Hong Kong-

 The Chinese Triad has close ties with the

 Triads known in North America as Tongs is led by a

2. ITALIAN CRIMINAL ENTERPRISES – commonly

The Mafia operates in more than 40 countries,

b)THE CAMORRA – based in Naples, Italy, is made

c) ‘NDRANGHETA – The third of the four Italian

3. THE RUSSIAN MAFIYA – known in Russia as the

Of these, three are dominant:

a. the Brigade of the Sun,

 A typical Mafiya organized-crime group is led by a

Its roots can be traced back to

 Yakuza adopted the traditional Japanese

 The man who brought the Yakuza to its present

5. COLUMBIAN DRUG CARTELS – virtually all of the

a.1. Pablo Escobar Gaviria, the leading drug figure of

a.2. Juan David Ochoa-Vasques, imprisoned at

a. Gustavo de Jesus Gaviria Rivero, Escobar’s

b. Jose Gonzalo Rodrigues Gacha, aka “El

d) NORTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA TRAFFICKERS

c) SONORA CARTEL – headed by Miguel Caro-

His life has been dramatically depicted in

Since then he has become the most wanted man in India.

a. Capos Drug Lords

The characteristics/features of an OCG operating in the

7. Modus operandi – It is the distinct pattern of how a

8. Personalities – Attained high level or criminal