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The application of UAV and CSP1 matrix for

building inspection at mosques in 1rea of


Pagoh - Muar, Johor
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2016, 020101 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055503
Published Online: 27 September 2018

Mardiha Mokhtar, Masiri Kaamin, Norhayati Ngadiman, and Nor Baizura Hamid

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© 2018 Author(s).
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology (ICAST’18)
AIP Conf. Proc. 2016, 020101-1–020101-6; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055503
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1734-2/$30.00

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