Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prakhyath Rai
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ISE,
SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
1
Contents
Nature
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
“If you don't know where you are going, how can you
expect to get there?” - Basil S. Walsh
Planning is all-pervasive
Planning is rational
approach to planning.
plans.
supportive.
Planning is futuristic
decision-making.
premises
methods.
External premises
External premises are those factors which exist outside the
measurable in nature.
Intangible premises
Intangible premises are those which are abstract and non-
quantifiable in nature.
Controllable premises
Semi-controllable premises
partial control.
Plans
Objectives Programmes
Policies Schedules
Strategies Projects
Procedures Budgets
Methods Rules
right balance.
For Example,
a course of action
a commitment of resources
timing concern.
For Example;
In written form
Flexible
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
program.
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 40
Budgets
A Budget is a written plan of future activities of the company
in monetary terms.
For Example;
Sales Budget
Production Budget
Advertising Budget
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 41
Budgets Cont.
General features of budget are:
It is prepared in advance.
Implement the
Decision
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 45
Decision Making Process
To define the problem and parameters influencing it
can be framed.
In some cases,
Organizational Goals