● Accounting major

○ To be an accountant is to be an author: Accountants tell a story about a business

○ The story needs to indicate to tell the truth and speak to the business’
performance
○ We collect organizational business data; organize this data to produce a financial
statement
○ This statement informs how business should make decisions
● Brokenness in institutions
○ Stealing and theft and fraud
○ Fraud: misrepresentation of facts for personal gain
○ Looks at how brokenness manifests as fraud
● Significance of fraud
○ No difference b/w christiass and non christians committing fraud
○ No difference b/w fraud occurrences across the globe
■ Culture and religion have no impact
○ Fraud is an equal opportunity offender

Fraud, Whistleblowing, and Sins of Omission: A Call to Action

Framing the problem
● 3.5$ is lost to fraud globally
● Reducing that by 1% would have a large impact
Fraudsters and Fraud Schemes: Gap in the lIterature
● Fraud Actor:
○ Fraud triangle: for fraud to happen
■ There must be an Opportunity and capability to commit fraud, pressure
that motivates them to commit it (money), they have to be ablle to
rationalize their behavior
● Fraud action
● Concealment: Have to be able to hide fraud action
● Have to be able to convert money to legal banking systems and uses
● Schemes they play and plan
Emphasis of this study: non-fraud actor
● NFA: Non-fraud actor
○ A person who works at a company who is not a fraudster, but their position
situaties them close enough to see when fraudulent red flags are surfacing
○ Do Those people follow up on the red flag or just ignore ig

NFAs: red flags and suspicions

● 1 way frauds are discovered is by a ti[ from another person
● Red flags include
○ Living beyond one's means
○ Financial difficulties
○ Unusually close association w/ vendors and customers
○ Control issues (unwillingness to share duty s, like the example)
 ○ Family probs
○ Wheeler-dealer attitude
○ High strain (someone who is living with high amounts of stress

Whistleblowinng
● Whistle blowing is just telling onsomeon
● 4 steps of whistelbloiwng
○ Decision to report
○ Reporting
○ Orgnaizational reaction
○ Organizational decision about what to do
● Possible consequences of whistleblowing
○ Job termination
○ Demotion
○ Humiliation
○ Prosecution
Fraud and sin
● Fraud is a sin
● Sins of commission: doing something wrong
● Sins of omission: failure to do something god tells yout to do
○ Fit in with non fraud actor who is suspicious but doesn’t do anything about t
What to do when suspicions arise
● Suspicion
○ Fear of possible relatioliatiion: we need courage to face the fear
● Excellence vs success
○ Doing ones work excellently and doing ones work with success
○ Excellence: using gifts and abilities to fullest.. Just because
○ Success
■ Doing things that help us generate financial, social, and ccultiral gains’
● Excellence and success are in tension
○ We need more excellence in workplace and do work excellently for god, and in
order to do that we must sacrifice sucess