4 Types of Research Methods

1. Historical method
2. Descriptive method
3. Experimental Method
4. Case study
Qualities of a Good Research Instrument

1. Validity
2. Reliability
3. Practicability
4. Justness
5. Morality
6. Honesty
Validity - is the degree to which a test measures what it intends
to measure or the truthfulness of the response.

4 types of Validity

1. Content Validity - the content or topic is truly the

representative of the course.
2. Concurrent Validity- is the degree to which the test agrees
or correlates with a criterion set up as an acceptable
measure.
3. Predictive validity - is determined by showing how well
predictions made from the trst are proven by data or facts
collected at some succeeding time.
4. Construct validity - is the extent to which the test measures
a theoretical trait.
Reliability means the extent to which a test is consistent
and dependable.

4 methods in testing Reliability

1. Test-Retest method- same test is administered twice to the

same group
2. Parallel Form- test is administered to a group of students and
the paired observed correlation is correlated.
3. Split half method - is administered once, but the test items are
divided into two.
4. Internal consistency method - is used in psychological tests
that consists dichotomously scored items.
Sampling Design

● Is defined as a
technique of getting a
representative
portion of a
population.
Data Processing - involves input, throughput and output mechanism. The
quantitative and qualitative forms are involved to arrive at an exact analysis
and interpretation of the result. Meaning. You need to discuss the
processes as qualitative and involve figures and tables as quantitative.
Most common descriptive statistical tool is the
MEAN
Most common inferential statistical tools
DATA ANALYSIS - is defined as an assessment of data or facts
in terms of quantity and quality attributes

A DATA MATRIX is the presentation of data in tabular form.

There should be a qualitative form( verbal interpretation) and
quantitative form (figures or number)