SUBMITTED BY

MUHAMMAD SAADAN SAUD

FA18-EEE-015

SUBMITTED TO

SIR USMAN ALI

LAB REPORT 3

Literature Background

The modulation index (or modulation depth) of a modulation scheme describes by

how much the modulated variable of the carrier signal varies around its
unmodulated level. It is defined differently in each modulation scheme.

Problem
Generate FM wave at different modulation index. Verify whether the
modulation index depends on the band width of FM modulated wave or
power.

Procedure (code)
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%% Intial Parameter
vm=5;
vc=5;
df=100;
t=0:1:200;
fm=10;
fc=10*fm;
fs=10*fc;
m=df/fm;
ts=t/fs;
ph=0;
%% information signal
x_m=cos(2*pi*fm*ts + ph);
figure
plot(ts,x_m)
title('Base Band Signal')
xlabel('time')
ylabel('magnitude')
grid on

%% Carrier Signal in time domain

Ac=5;
x_c=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*ts + ph);
figure
plot(ts,x_c)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('magnitude')
title('Carrier Signal')
grid on

%% FM Modulation
m_t=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*ts+m.*x_m);
figure
plot(ts,m_t)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('Magnitude')
title('FM Modulation')
grid on

%% FFT of FM Modulation
N=1024;
Xc_fft=fft(m_t,N); %% FFT of carrier signal
Xc_sfft=abs(fftshift(Xc_fft)); %% Absolute FFT
fre=linspace(-fs/2,fs/2,N) ; %% Frequency range for FFT
figure
plot(fre,Xc_sfft) %% FFT plot of carrier signal
xlabel('Freq') %% x-axis label
ylabel('Magnitude') %% y-axis label
title ('FFT of FM Modulation') %% title of figure
legend('FFT of FM Modulation')
grid on

%% Power of a Modulated signal

p=sum(m_t.^2)/length(ts);
disp('The power is :');
disp(p)

RESULTS
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2

FIGURE 3
FIGURE 4

THE POWER IS 14.5745

TABLE
SR No. Modulation Power of entire Bandwidth=2(df+fm)
Index FM wave
 1 0.5 12.5336 30
2 1 12.4741 40
3 1.5 12.4384 50
4 2 12.4594 60

CONCLUSION :-
From the above calculations we conclude that moving from less than 1 modulation
index to 1 the power slightly increases while moving from 1 to 1.5 index the power
slightly decreases and again from 1.5 to 2 it increases slightly.
While bandwidth keep on increasing constantly with increase in modulation
index.
THE END