Global Mineral Slurries

BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES - 2017
REPORT
BIOCIDES IN
MINERAL SLURRIES
2017
Prepared by: Biocide Information Limited

Email: info@biocide-information.com
More about us on www.biocide-information.com
CHAPTER 8 www.biocide-information.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS – BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES

1. BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES - GLOBAL SUMMARY..............................................4
2. INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................5

2.1. Objectives..............................................................................................................................5
2.2. Methodology .........................................................................................................................5
2.3. Accuracy of the information..................................................................................................5
2.4. Definitions .............................................................................................................................5
3. END USER ANALYSIS FOR BIOCIDES ...................................................................................7
3.1. TARGET MARKET .............................................................................................................7
3.1.1 Major Slurries Companies.............................................................................................8
4. BIOCIDE COMPARISON ............................................................................................................9
4.1. APPLICATION RATE AND COST.....................................................................................9
4.2. BIOCIDES PRICING..........................................................................................................10
4.2.1 Pricing at Active Manufacture Level ..........................................................................10
5. BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION .......................................................................................................11
5.1. GLOBAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................11
5.2. BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT FORMULATED PRODUCTS LEVEL .........................15
6. VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS......................................................................................................16
7. DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES .................................................17
8. BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS .................................................................................................19

8.1. GLOBAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................19
9. BIOCIDE TRENDS......................................................................................................................23
10. BIOCIDE REGULATIONS ..................................................................................................24
11. FUTURE MARKET FOR BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES ..................................25

11.1. BIOCIDE GROWTH ..........................................................................................................26
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1. BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES - GLOBAL SUMMARY
Market size 2017: Active Ingredient

$ 53 million
BIOCIDE SALES BY REGION:

Table 1: Biocide Sales by Region for Mineral Slurries
REGION SALES ($M)
AMERICAS 21
ASIA PACIFIC 19
EUROPE 13
BIOCIDE SALES BY ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Table 2: Biocide Sales by Type
BIOCIDE USAGE ($M)
BIT 11
BIT/MIT 6
CMIT/MIT 7.9
Formaldehyde Releasers 6.8
BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT SUPPLIER:

Table 3: Biocide Sales by Manufacturer
BIOCIDES SALES ($M)
Dow 6.9
Lonza 8
Thor 5.5
OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE: The market for biocides in Mineral Slurries is
expected to increase 1 %.
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2. INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objectives
The key objectives of this study were:
1. To provide marketing data on Biocides, major Mineral Slurry

applications using biocides, suppliers and customers.
2. To identify and analyse the trends taking place within the Biocides
industry.
3. To define the distribution channels in the industry.
2.2. Methodology
The report is based on over 20 interviews conducted throughout the globe. In

each industry analysis, BI contacted end-users, biocide manufacturers,
suppliers, distributors and trade associations by telephone and conducted
unstructured interviews typical of the type used in industrial market research.
In addition to interviews, the report also summarises suppliers' product
literature, data from trade associations, BI databases and our monthly
information report.
2.3. Accuracy of the information
BI believes our estimates to be within 20 % of the actual value. The accuracy

of the information is dependent on many factors such as the number of
interviews conducted per application, industry concentration and industry
usage patterns. In order to increase our accuracy, BI increases the number of
end-user interviews where an industry is fragmented and continue to interview
until there is similarity in responses. Also all conclusions and data per industry
were confirmed with the key manufacturers of biocides.
2.4. Definitions
Biocide manufacturers are defined as companies who manufacture biocide

active ingredients in-house. For example BASF, Buckman, Dow, Lanxess,
Lonza, Prom, Thor and Troy.
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Service Companies are defined as companies whose majority of sales comes

from purchasing biocides which they blend into their own products. For
example EcolabNalco, Kemira, Solenis etc.
Distributors act as agents for both active manufacturers and biocide blenders.
They are the most popular choice of supplier for small end-users. Distributors
sell a range of industrial additives and so will be making deliveries to end
users and therefore biocides tend to be combined with other products which
allow the distributor to be competitive.
Prices are in U.S. dollars and are at active manufacturer level unless stated.
The exchange used is as follows:
Table 4: Exchange Rates Used

$ Currency
1 0.94 EUR
1 6.94 CNY
1 116.95 JPY
1 0.81 GBP
Source: www.xe.com
Volumes are reported in tonnes based on a 100 % active biocide basis. In the
case of formulated products, the data is reported with a typical percentage of
the formulated product.
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3. END USER ANALYSIS FOR BIOCIDES

3.1. TARGET MARKET
There are 3 major types of mineral slurries sold for industrial applications:
kaolin, titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate (divided into ground (1/3) and
precipated calcium carbonate (2/3)). The following is a global summary of
each type:
Kaolin The global kaolin production is 15 million tonnes of which the USA
produces 9 million tonnes; UK produces 2 million tonnes and Brazil at 2
million tonnes. The average price for kaolin is $ 1,700 per tonne. Imerys is the
largest supplier with 40 % of the global market and the company owns English
China Clays, Dry Branch Kaolin, Georgia Marble, Rio Capim Caulim (Brazil).
BASF (Engelhard) of USA is the second largest global supplier of kaolin with
20% of the global market and has production in USA, China and Thailand.
The third leading player is Huber at 18 % followed by Thiele at 8 % and
Kadam at 7 %. Amberger of Germany and Utah Clay Technology of the USA
are large regional kaolin suppliers.
Titanium Dioxide The global titanium dioxide production is 4 million tonnes.

The average price for titanium dioxide is $ 1,500 per tonne. Dupont is the
leading producer with 23 % followed by Millenium at 18 %, Kerr-McGee at 16
% and Huntsman at 14 %.
Precipated Calcium Carbonate The global precipitated calcium carbonate

(PCC) production is 5 million tonnes. PCC satellite plants account for 65 % of
the global capacity. Satellite plants produce an average 30,000 tonnes of
PCC at the end-user site (paper accounts for 75 % of demand). The average
price for PCC is $ 500 per tonne.
Mineral Technologies of the USA is leading producer with 57 production sites

globally. The second largest supplier is Solvay SA of Belgium with production
in Angera (Italy), Ebensee (Austria), Salin-de-Giraud (France), Rheinburg
(Germany), Wyoming (USA), Winnofil (UK). The third largest supplier is
Pluess Staufer-Omya from Switzerland
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3.1.1 Major Slurries Companies

Kaolin is primarily used as an extender or filler in the paper industry which
accounts for 80 % of kaolin consumption. Kaolin is also referred to as china
clay. The major suppliers in Europe are ECCI which has 70 % of the market
and BASF and Thiele have 10 % of the market each.
Calcium carbonate is used as a filler and extender in various industrial

applications. Calcium carbonate is available in 2 forms: fine and precipitated.
Fine has a maximum 45 micron particle size and precipitated is much finer
and has a uniform particle size. The major suppliers in Europe are OMYA
(Pluess Stauffer) with 80 % of the market, ECCI 10 % and others 10 %. All
calcium carbonate suppliers use biocides.
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4. BIOCIDE COMPARISON
4.1. APPLICATION RATE AND COST
Some of the factors that affect biocides used and application rates are length
of storage time for the slurry, climate, geographical location and end use of
the slurry. Generally, most biocides are effective at use levels of between 20
and 400 ppm as shown in the following table:
Table 7: Comparison of Biocides used in Mineral Slurries
COMPARISON OF POPULAR BIOCIDES USED IN MINERAL SLURRIES
CHEMISTRY TRADE SUPPLIER % Formulated USE
NAME ACTIVE Price $/Kg LEVEL
(ppm)
1,2- Proxel GXL Lonza 20 % 4
Benzoisothiazolin-3-
one
5-chloro-2-methyl-4- Kathon LX DOW 1.5 % 1.6 20-40
isothi-azolin-3-one-
2-methyl-4-iso-
thiazolin-3-one
Tetrahydro-3,5- Busan Buckman 20 % 2 200
dimethyl2H-1,3,5- 1058
thiadiazine-2-thione
(DMTT)Dazomet
Protectol BASF 99 % 4 40
TOE
Bromo-1- Tektamer Lanxess 25 % 4 200-400
(bromomethyl)- 1,3- AD
propanedicarbonitrile
Glutaraldehyde Protectol BASF 50 % 3.50 200-400
GDA
2,2 Dibromo-3- Biobrom Dow 4 (20) 15
nitriloprop-ionamide (Dead Sea
(DBNPA) Bromine)
(Dow)
Kathon LX is the most effective biocide used in the preservation of slurries.

The above application rates will need to be increased if contamination has
already occurred.
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4.2. BIOCIDES PRICING
4.2.1 Pricing at Active Manufacture Level
The price of Biocides are governed by (1) Quantities purchased (2)

Regulatory approval (3) Formulation of Biocides (4) Technical and Laboratory
Support (5) Geographical Region.
The following table compares prices observed in the field for Mineral Slurries
by each of the main geographical Regions:
Table 8: Comparison of Prices by Geographical Regions in $/kg (99 % ai

unless otherwise stated)
Biocide Americas Asia Europe
BIT 4 (20%) per kg 3.7 (20 %) per 5 (20 %) per kg
kg, 6 (20 %), 17
(33%) in Japan
Bronopol (BNPD) 8 per kg 5 per kg in 7 per kg
China and 8 per
kg in Japan
5-chloro-2- 10 (14 %) per 5 (14 %) per kg, 1.6 per kg
methyl-4- kg 9 (14 % Japan) (1.5%) and 8
isothiazolin-3-one 2 (1.5%) (14 %) per kg
& 2-methyl-4-
isothiazolin
2,2 Dibromo-3- 20 5 9.5 (20 %)
nitrilo
propionamide
(DBNPA)
Acticide MBS 5 3–5 3
(2.5 % MIT & 2.5
% BIT).
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5. BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION
5.1. GLOBAL ANALYSIS
The global market for Biocides used in Mineral Slurries is $ 53 Million. The
leading biocide consumed in Mineral Slurries is Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) with
sales of $ 10 million. BIT is followed by CMIT/MIT, Formaldehyde Releasers,
Glutaraldehyde, BIT/MIT and OPP. The following table summarises Biocide
sales in $ million:
Table 9: Global Biocide Sales in Mineral Slurries by Type

BIOCIDE USAGE ($M)
BIT 11
BIT/ MIT 6
Bronopol .3
CMIT/MIT 7.9
Dazomet 4.6
DBNPA 1.5
Dibromo dicyanobutane 1.5
Formaldehyde Releasers 6.8
Glutaraldehyde 4.0
OPP 1.0
Other 5.9
Total 53 M
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) is the leading biocide consumed within the global

Mineral Slurries industry with sales of $ 11 million. BIT is used solely as a
preservative where it can be used alone or in combination. BIT’s success is
due to the following factors: (1) High efficacy (2) Temperature stability (3)
Relatively low toxicity (4) Contains no formaldehyde (5) Low AOX contribution
(6) Relatively high skin sensitisation limit (500 ppm) (7) Amine stability (8)
Halogen free (9) Good Regulatory Approvals (ie indirect food contact).
The major disadvantages to BIT are: (1) Deactivated by strong oxidising and
reducing agents (2) Skin sensitiser (3) Not cost effective in acidic systems (4)
Slow acting. The leading manufacturer of BIT is Lonza with 70 % of the
market. Generic producers include Prom.
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone

(CMIT/MIT) is the second most important preservative used in Mineral
Slurries with sales of $ 7.9 million. The chloromethyl and methyl
isothiazolones (CIT and MIT) biocides are used in a ratio of 3:1. Recently new
labelling regulations in Europe state that any formulation containing over
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15ppm CIT/MIT will require label Xi and Risk phrase R43 ("May cause
sensitisation by skin contact"). As a result, consumption of CMIT/MIT has
reduced and biocides to gain include BIT, FR’s and MIT.
CMIT/MIT can be used alone or in combination where it offers the following

benefits: (1) Broad spectrum antibacterial activity (2) Low cost effect in low pH
systems (3) Broad Regulatory approvals (4) Low VOC / solvent free (5) Pale
colour (6) Speed of kill.
The major disadvantages to CMIT/MIT are: (1) Chlorinated (2) Unstable at

high pH (3) Inactivated by amines (4) Poor temperature stability (5)
Deactivated by reducing agents (6) Requirement for stabilisers such as
formaldehyde or metal ions (7) Skin sensitiser (8) Volatile. The leading
manufacturer of CMIT/MIT is DOW. Generic producers include Changzhou
Ruihao Chem, Chemicrea, Dalian Biochem, Prom and Thor.
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone (MIT) is a recently

introduced preservative which has achieved considerable sales within Mineral
Slurries especially in Europe and now in America and Asia. The Biocide was
developed and patented by Thor (tradename is Acticide MBS) with total sales
of $ 6 million. BIT / MIT has the synergistic benefits from both compounds
with the added benefit of no chlorine. The product can be used alone or in
combination with FR’s.
Bronopol consumption within Mineral Slurries is estimated at $0.3 million. The

leading manufacturer of Bronopol is BASF followed by many Asian and
Chinese producers. In Mineral Slurries, it is normally used in combination with
other preservatives such as BIT and CMIT/MIT. This makes Bronopol an
important component of the leading biocide formulations where it is provided
as part of a blended formulation of which the most popular formulation is a
combination of bronopol (5 %) and cmit/mit (1.5 %) which is applied at 0.1 %
to deliver 15 ppm cmit/mit and 50 ppm bronopol.
Dazomet (3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiadiazine-3-thione) had sales of

$ 4.6 million and is effective in alkaline system-s up to pH 8 as they
decompose at higher pHs. Dazomet is fast acting and is suitable for usage in
systems where retention time is short. Dazomet is manufactured by BASF,
Buckman, Kemira (Vinings) and EcolabNalco.
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2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) had sales of $1.5 million to the

Mineral Slurries industry. DBNPA is one of the most rapid acting biocides and
is highly effective against algae, bacteria and fungi and functions best in the
pH range from 7 to 8.5. In pH ranges greater than 8.5, it rapidly decomposes
to non toxic components. Dow is the leading manufacturer of DBNPA followed
by Chemicrea and Dead Sea Bromine who sell DBNPA under the tradename
of Biobrom. Dow manufacture DBNPA in the United States.
Formaldehyde releasers (FR’s) are the third most important group of biocides
consumed with sales of $ 6.8 million within Mineral Slurries. FR’s are used as
preservatives and include the formals, triazines, oxazolidines and 1-(3-
Chloroally)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride which is commonly
supplied as Dowicil. The formals can be divided into o-formals and n-formals.
The o-formal type account for 70% of consumption (include o-acetates and o-
formals) while the n-formals (addition of formaldehyde and amines or amides)
accounted for 30%. The n-formals are growing and substituting for o-formals
due to less odour, increased stability but are more expensive.
FR’s are popular due to (1) Their broad spectrum of activity (2) Low cost (3)
Rapid speed of action. Despite being cheap and effective, FR’s have a
number of disadvantages such as: (1) Unstable at low pH’s (2) Unstable at
high temperature and volatile (3) Strong odour – inhalation hazard (4) skin
and eye irritant (5) Carcinogen (6) Poor long term activity (7) High
concentration of ai required (8) Contributor to VOC’s. FR’s are manufactured
by a large number of companies.
Glutaraldehyde had sales of $ 4 million to Mineral Slurries. It has broad

spectrum of activity and rapid speed of kill. Glutaraldehyde’s usage in Mineral
Slurries is growing due to its rapid action, its effectiveness in controlling slime-
forming bacteria, sulfate reducers and algae. It is also used over a broad pH
range and is very popular in combination with other biocides. The major
suppliers of Glutaraldehyde for Mineral Slurries are BASF with its Protectol
GDA and Piror 850 from Dow.
OPP had sales of $ 1 million to Mineral Slurries. It has become popular within
Mineral Slurries as it provides a broad spectrum of activity and rapid speed of
kill. The major suppliers of OPP are Dow and Lanxess.
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Other includes fungicides such as sodium pyrithione which are applied to

Slurries in order to provide end-product effect. Wallboard is one example of
this application.
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5.2. BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT FORMULATED PRODUCTS LEVEL
The global market for speciality biocides in Mineral Slurries at the end user
level was estimated at $ 88.08 million or 66% more than the value of the
sales at the active level.
Table 13: Consumption of Biocides within Mineral Slurries at Manufacture and

End User level
SALES OF BIOCIDES AT MANUFACTURE AND END USER LEVEL IN
MINERAL SLURRIES IN $ M
Sales at Distribution % Mark-Up Sales at end-
manufacture route to end- user level ($M)
level ($M) user in %
Active Manufacturer 53 50 % 60 % 42.4
Service Company * 30 % 70 % 27.03
Distributor * 20 % 75 % 18.55
Total 53 100% 88.08
* Includes Mark-up for Active Manufacturer and Distributor
Biocide manufacturers have the highest percentage of sales at end-user level

with 50 % of formulated biocide sales to the Mineral Slurries industry being
supplied via manufacturers such as Dow, Lanxess, Lonza and Thor. The
Biocide manufacturers achieve an average 60% Mark-Up when they supply
direct to Mineral Slurry manufacturers.
Biocide Service Companies have the second percentage of sales at end-user

level with 30 % of formulated biocide sales to the Mineral Slurries industry
being supplied via specialist service companies such as Buckman,
EcolabNalco, Kemira and Solenis.
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6. VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS
The following value chain illustrates the value added for Biocides used within
the Mineral Slurries industry:
VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS
Active Manufacturer
Technical Material Value added 30 %
With regulatory approval
Own Formulations Service Company

Value Added 30 % Value Added 40 %
Distributor
Value Added 10 %
MINERAL SLURRIES MANUFACTURER
Value Added is selling price less cost price as a %
Each stage of the distribution chain adds value to Biocides used in Mineral
Slurries. As can be seen in the above chart, the combined value added can
be up to 80 % which is shared between Biocide manufacturers, Biocide
formulators and distributors.
Biocide manufacturers expect to receive value added mark-ups of 30 % when

they supply technical material with regulatory approval. The technical material
can be sold direct to Mineral Slurry manufacturers or to service companies.
Biocide manufacturers expect to receive an extra 30% mark-up when they
supply ready to use Biocides to Mineral Slurry manufacturers.
Service Companies expect to receive mark-ups of 40% when they supply

ready to use Biocides to Mineral Slurry manufacturers. Biocide Distributors
receive a mark-up of 10 % when they supply Biocides to Mineral Slurry
manufacturers.
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7. DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES
The following chart illustrates the distribution of Biocides in Mineral Slurries:
Chart 1: Distribution of Biocides in Mineral Slurries
Active Manufacturer
Service Company Direct

30 % 50 %
Distributor
20 % Direct
Mineral Slurry
The distribution route in % reflects the sales of Biocides to the final producer
of Mineral Slurries.
Biocide manufacturers are the most important route in the distribution chain
with an estimated 50 % of all formulated Biocides to endusers going via this
route. Dow, Lanxess, Lonza and Thor are leading biocide manufacturers who
has been most proactive in moving up the value chain and supplying direct.
Biocide Service companies are the second most important route in the
distribution chain with an estimated 30 % of all Biocide sales to Mineral Slurry
manufacturers going via this route.
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Distributors account for 20 % of all Biocide sales to Mineral Slurry

manufacturers. Distributors include the leading suppliers of chemicals such as
Brenntag and Univar.
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8. BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS
8.1. GLOBAL ANALYSIS
Dow and Lonza are the leading manufacturer of Biocides used in Mineral
Slurries with sales of $ 6.9 million and $ 8 million respectively. The sale of
Biocides at active ingredient manufacture (a.i.) level for the leading
manufacturers are illustrated in the table below:
Table 14: Biocide Sales by Manufacturer in $ Million
BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS SALES ($M)
BASF 3.5
Buckman 3.0
Changzhou Ruihao Chem 0.5
Chemicrea 1.0
Dalian Biochem 1.5
Dow 6.9
Kemira Vinings 3
Lanxess 3
Lonza 8.0
Solenis 2.0
Thor 5.5
Troy 4.5
Other 10.1
TOTAL 53.0
BASF is a major international chemical company with headquarters at

Ludwigshafen, Germany. BASF produces Bronopol, Glutaraldehyde and
Dazomet for the Mineral Slurries industry and had estimated sales of $ 3.5
million. BASF mainly sell biocides to end users via service companies and
distributors.
Buckman Laboratories is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with

headquarters in Memphis, USA. The company had estimated biocide sales of
$ 3 million to the Mineral Slurries industry at manufacture level. Buckman
supplies a complete line of process chemicals and the company is unique in
that it is a biocide manufacturer and also a service company with the result
that it sells directly to Mineral Slurry manufacturers. The biocides produced
by Buckman include several slime control products including Methylene
Bisthiocyanate (MBT), (MECT in Japan) Potassium Dimethyldithiocarbamate,
2-thiocyanimethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB), WSCP and Sodium Bromide.
All Buckman products are sold under the BUSAN tradename.
Changzhou Ruihao Chem is a privately held manufacturer of Biocides with

headquarters in China. The company had estimated active Biocide sales of $
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0.5 million to the Mineral Slurries industry. The Biocides produced are cmit/mit
and triazines.
Chemicrea is based in Japan and with sales of $ 1 million to the Mineral

Slurries industry. Chemicrea has production facilities in Japan and China. The
target markets are: Paper mill slimicide, Paper & pulp preservatives, Water
treatment agents, Latex and emulsion preservatives and Cosmetics
preservatives. The main formulations supplied are:
Table 15: Biocides Provided by Chemicrea

Tradename Active Ingredients
ZONEN-C
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one /
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(Mixing ratio
3:1, Content approx.14%)
ZONEN-FP
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one /
2-methly-4-isothiazolin-3-one
(Mixing ratio 10:1, Content approx.12%)

ZONEN-MT 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Content
approx. 50%)
ZONEN-O/100 2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Content
100%)
DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
BBAE 1,2-Bis(bromoacetoxy)ethane
B-1,4 or BBAB Bis(1,4-bromoacetoxy)-2-butene
BRONOPOL 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
DBNE 2,2-Dibromo-2-nitroethanol
Chemicrea’s main biocide product to the Mineral Slurries industry is BNPD

and CMIT/MIT. Smaller biocides are DBNE (2,2-Dibromo-2-nitroethanol),
DBNPA and BBAB (Bis(1,4-bromoacetoxy)-2-butene) which are very cost
effective biocides and their low application rate gives it an advantage over
other biocides.
Dalian Biochem is a privately held manufacturer of Biocides with

headquarters in China. The company had estimated active Biocide sales of $
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1.5 million to the Mineral Slurries industry. The Biocides produced are
cmit/mit.
Dow is a large US multinational with sales of $ 6.9 million to the Mineral

Slurries industry. Biocide sold to the Mineral Slurries industry is represented
with BIT, CMIT/MIT, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and
Glutaraldehyde. The company will see sales of formulated products grow
significantly with the introduction of new product lines such as BIT.
Kemira Vinings had sales of $ 3 million to the Mineral Slurries industry.

Biocides are part of the paper chemicals business and are sold under the
tradenames of Fennosan and Fennotox. Kemira’s products are sold directly
and through distributors.
Kemira was not an active ingredient manufacturer but a formulator of biocides

until it acquired Vinings in the US. This acquisition provided Kemira with
manufacturing of Dithiocarbamates and Dazomet.
Lanxess had sales of $ 3.5 million to the global Mineral Slurries industry.
Lanxess biocide business is located at Leverkusen, Germany. Lanxess’s
product line centres around its Preventol trade name which covers many
actives for preservation:
TABLE 16: ACTIVES SUPPLIED BY LANXESS
Preservatives
Preventol D2 (Benzyl alcohol mono(poly)hemiformal)
Preventol D4 (N-(2Hydroxypropyl aminomethanol))
Preventol D6 (Ethanediol + formaldehyde + CMIT/MIT)
Preventol D7 (CMIT + MIT)
Preventol O (OPP)
Tektamer 38 Dibromodicyanobutane
Lanxess also acquired Verichem which manufacture DBDCB (1,2-dibromo-

2,4-dicyanobutane in water) under the tradename of VeriGuard®. DBDCB AD
is a preservative which effectively inhibits the growth of microorganisms in
Mineral Slurries. Chemically, VeriGuard® DBDCB AD is a 25.0% dispersion of
1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane in water.
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Lonza has sales Biocides to the Mineral Slurries industry with sales of $ 8
million. Lonza manufactures BIT, IPBC, n-butyl BIT and Zinc Pyrithione of
which BIT is used in Mineral Slurries. Lonza supplies direct, distributors and
also via service companies.
Thor has sales of Biocides to the Mineral Slurries industry of $ 5.5 million.
Thor manufactures BIT, CMIT/MIT, BIT/MIT and o-formals, which are widely
used as Preservatives in Mineral Slurries. Thor supplies biocides under the
Acticide tradename and the company has sales & technical support in Asia,
America and Europe.
Troy has Biocide sales of $ 4.5 million. Troy is a leading manufacturer of

formaldehyde releasers. Troy supplies direct to end-users with a range of
formulations based on BIT, CMIT/MIT and formaldehyde releasers.
Other includes smaller producers of Biocides especially in Asia such as:
PROM Chem has sales of $ 0.3 million to the Mineral Slurries industry. The
company manufactures BIT under the trade name of PROMEX™.
EcolabNalco has estimated biocide sales of $ 1 million to Mineral Slurries

and a significantly higher value of formulated biocides. The biocides produced
is Dazomet. Ecolab produce, formulate and sell their biocides along with
purchased in biocides, directly to mineral slurry manufacturers.
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9. BIOCIDE TRENDS
According to Slurry manufacturers, the ideal biocide should be:
• Highly cost effective

• Broad spectrum of activity e.g. bacteria, yeast and fungi
• Persistance i.e. long term preservation
• BGA / FDA and local approvals
• Should be a liquid
• Should be resistant to temperatures of 40-60 degrees
• Stable in the presence of amines
• Compatible with dispersants e.g. sodium polyacrylate
• Easy to handle e.g. low toxicity
• Low odour
1. Decisions on the choice of biocides are cost driven. In the future, stricter
environmental conditions will have an impact on the choice of biocide
used.
2. Dazomet (3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiadiazine-2-thiono) is used

due to its high cost effect but it has disadvantages which may result in a
decline in its usage. Dazomet on exposure to moisture is unstable and
yields methyl isothiocyanate and formaldehyde.
3. To help the paper industry reduce raw material costs, research is directed
at producing slurries that will improve hiding power (light scattering). This
will reduce the need for titanium dioxide. A new blended kaolin slurry is
emerging which consists of Titanium oxide blended with both wet and
calcined kaolin slurries.
4. The role of service companies is likely to increase further and even some
end users of the slurries such as paper manufacturers are specifying what
service company should be used. This allows the paper manufacture to
have better control over their raw materials.
5. All slurries need Biocides except titanium dioxide when supplied in

powder form. Currently titanium dioxide is supplied in powder in many
regions around the globe but this may change with the trend towards
liquid formulations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
23
10. BIOCIDE REGULATIONS
Regulations have a major impact on the Biocides used in the Mineral Slurries
industry. In most developed countries, all chemical components must be listed
on the relevant national “inventory” of chemical substances before it can be
supplied.
In the USA, Biocides are listed on the national inventory of chemical

substances which is called TSCA. Alongside the listing on TSCA, there are
regulations governing the use of Biocides on both the federal (EPA) and state
level. Industry bodies also try to influence the adoption of regulations.
In Europe, The Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) is responsible for Biocides

regulation and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is responsible for
coordinating the approval processes for substances and the authorisation of
products at EU level. A Biocidal Products Committee, consisting of
representatives from each of the EU Member States will give its opinion on
Biocidal products, supported by technical and scientific support from ECHA. A
Biocidal product cannot be supplied on the EU market after 1st September
2015 unless the Biocide is included in the Article 95 list of the approved
Biocides. See the list on http://echa.europa.eu/information-on-
chemicals/active-substance-suppliers
For the rest of world, countries have their own regulations governing the use
of Biocides or rely on the Biocides to have EPA or BPR approval.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
24
11. FUTURE MARKET FOR BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES
Sales of Biocides to the Mineral Slurries industry will increase 1 % as shown

below:
PROJECTED SALES OF BIOCIDES IN SLURRIES IN $M

Table 20: Projected sales of Biocides in Mineral Slurries
YEAR SALES ($M)
2018 55
2019 56
2020 57
2021 58
2022 59
The major developments expected to influence the Biocides market include

(1) Growing construction industry as economies emerge from Recession. The
construction industry is a major user of mineral Slurries.
(2) The increase in regulatory legislation will lead to biocides such as

Formaldehyde Releasers being replaced with more expensive alternatives.
(3) There are a growing proportion of Mineral Slurry manufacturing plants

using service companies to manage microbiological contamination.
(4) Mineral slurries are being used as a carrier to deliver antimold effect. This
has happened in Wallboard and may be a future area of growth for Biocides.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
25
11.1. BIOCIDE GROWTH
The growth rate for Biocides will depend on the following factors: (1) Market
Growth (2) Efficacy (3) Price (4) Economic Circumstances (5) Regulatory
Status (6) Adoption by major Suppliers (7) External Approvals.
As China is a major growth area, it will see growth for all biocides whereas the
European economy is not growing and so will not see significant growth for
any biocides. The following are the growth rates predicted for the main
biocides used in Mineral Slurries.
Table 21: Global Forecasts for Biocides

BIOCIDES GROWTH RATE BY VOLUME
OVER NEXT 5 YEARS
BIT 1%
BIT/MIT 2%
BNPD 1%
CMIT 1%
DBNPA 1%
Sodium 1%
Pyrithione
BIT/MIT which was developed by Thor, has the highest forecasted growth
rate. The biocides which support lower VOC formulations will be the major
beneficiaries. Formaldehyde releasers will maintain static due to their
widespread usage in Asia otherwise they would decline.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
26

Global Mineral Slurries

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Global Mineral Slurries

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BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES - 2017

Prepared by: Biocide Information Limited

TABLE OF CONTENTS – BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES

2. INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................5

7. DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES .................................................17

8. BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS .................................................................................................19

10. BIOCIDE REGULATIONS ..................................................................................................24

11. FUTURE MARKET FOR BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES ..................................25

1. BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES - GLOBAL SUMMARY

Market size 2017: Active Ingredient

BIOCIDE SALES BY REGION:

BIOCIDE SALES BY ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT SUPPLIER:

2. INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY

The key objectives of this study were:

1. To provide marketing data on Biocides, major Mineral Slurry

3. To define the distribution channels in the industry.

The report is based on over 20 interviews conducted throughout the globe. In

2.3. Accuracy of the information

BI believes our estimates to be within 20 % of the actual value. The accuracy

Biocide manufacturers are defined as companies who manufacture biocide

Service Companies are defined as companies whose majority of sales comes

Table 4: Exchange Rates Used

3. END USER ANALYSIS FOR BIOCIDES

Titanium Dioxide The global titanium dioxide production is 4 million tonnes.

Precipated Calcium Carbonate The global precipitated calcium carbonate

Mineral Technologies of the USA is leading producer with 57 production sites

3.1.1 Major Slurries Companies

Calcium carbonate is used as a filler and extender in various industrial

Kathon LX is the most effective biocide used in the preservation of slurries.

4.2. BIOCIDES PRICING

4.2.1 Pricing at Active Manufacture Level

The price of Biocides are governed by (1) Quantities purchased (2)

Table 8: Comparison of Prices by Geographical Regions in $/kg (99 % ai

Table 9: Global Biocide Sales in Mineral Slurries by Type

Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) is the leading biocide consumed within the global

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone

CMIT/MIT can be used alone or in combination where it offers the following

The major disadvantages to CMIT/MIT are: (1) Chlorinated (2) Unstable at

Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone (MIT) is a recently

Bronopol consumption within Mineral Slurries is estimated at $0.3 million. The

Dazomet (3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiadiazine-3-thione) had sales of

2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) had sales of $1.5 million to the

Glutaraldehyde had sales of $ 4 million to Mineral Slurries. It has broad

Other includes fungicides such as sodium pyrithione which are applied to

5.2. BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT FORMULATED PRODUCTS LEVEL

Table 13: Consumption of Biocides within Mineral Slurries at Manufacture and

* Includes Mark-up for Active Manufacturer and Distributor

Biocide manufacturers have the highest percentage of sales at end-user level

Biocide Service Companies have the second percentage of sales at end-user

6. VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS

VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS

Own Formulations Service Company

MINERAL SLURRIES MANUFACTURER

Value Added is selling price less cost price as a %

Biocide manufacturers expect to receive value added mark-ups of 30 % when

Service Companies expect to receive mark-ups of 40% when they supply

7. DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCIDES IN MINERAL SLURRIES

The following chart illustrates the distribution of Biocides in Mineral Slurries:

Chart 1: Distribution of Biocides in Mineral Slurries

Service Company Direct

Distributors account for 20 % of all Biocide sales to Mineral Slurry

BASF is a major international chemical company with headquarters at

Buckman Laboratories is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with