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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

PHILIPPINE
POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
(Quarter 1 – Module 1)

Name : ___________________________________
Strand and Year: ___________________________________

Please do not return this Module. Keep it with you for your references.

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 PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

THE CONCEPT, RELATIONSHIP AND IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS,
GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Great day everyone! Buckle up! Be ready for the series of journey you are to take today.
Let us begin by excavating the significant concepts pertaining to politics, governance and
government. What do you think is the concept, relationship and importance of these terms?
Maybe you already have an idea about these. Lets’ take a look at this.

Looking at the images above, what term can we associate with it? You are correct! Politics.
POLITICS
 Politics defined as that which concerns the state. It includes interactions between states in the
international arena; the activities of politicians; and activities such as voting (in national,
regional or local elections) through which individual citizens engage with the state.
 Keller, Larry (2018) shared that politics is the process by which governance is done.
 Young, Randy (2018) expresses that politics tend to be the viewpoint of the person in power
as to how he would treat those being governed.
 Karlson, Adamson (2015) states that politics is the study and methods of power.
 Durant, Eva (2018) articulates that politics is doing governing - through democratic dialogue,
voters are supposed to be aware/well informed of the choices offered by the political parties,
and at election times, make their choice accordingly for the politics they deem to be the best
chance to work in their interest.
 Denotes a social activity
 Creation, maintenance, and amendment of social norms or rules

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  It is an art and science of the government
 It is the realm of public affairs of the state Study the next set of images.

What about these pictures? What concept are they depicting? Yes, the term government.

GOVERNMENT
 Business Dictionary defines government as a group of people that governs a community or
unit. It sets and administers public policy and exercises executive, political and sovereign
power through customs, institutions, and laws within a state. A government can be classified
into many types- democracy, republic, monarchy, aristocracy, and dictatorship are just a few.
 It is the structure for governance.
 Durant, Eva (2018) explains that government is the set-up that governs - managing the
country, the economy, the main social institutions etc.
 It has “control and domination”
 It refers to a central institution which wields power over its subjects.
 It is being in command over the affairs of the people.
 It is always the main actor in governance.
 It is called the “public sector.”
 It is to study the exercise of authority. (Heywood, 1997)
 It is the government rules and controls.
 Good government also implies accountability, transparency, participation, openness and the
rule of law.
 It is a higher level of social order that exist primarily for the maintenance and perpetuation of
the community.

Now, let us move on to the third set of images.

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 Any reaction for the third set of pictures? Maybe you are confused because the images are
similar to the images in the second set. But no, don’t be confused, the images are
describing…Yes, governance!

GOVERNANCE
 The Webster’s Third New International Dictionary indicates that governance is a synonym for
government, or “the act or process of governing, specifically authoritative direction and
control”. Now let us see the concepts one by one, their relationships, and its importance.
 Ruff, Dale (2019) defines it as the execution of power, in whatever forms, policies, laws,
decisions, etc. it chooses.
 It is the making of laws, policies, regulations, and distributing benefits to those who are best
represented through the political process and pain to the losers.
 It is the creation and implementation of policies in a political community, a polity.
 Blume, Klaus (2018) says, governance is the day to day administrative actions, that are
necessary to keep a modern society functioning.
 It would be the know-how and action to manage a government to achieve its purpose.
 The word “governance” came from the Latin verb “gubernare,” or more originally from the
Greek word “kubernaein,” which means “to steer.” Basing on its etymology, governance refers
to the manner of steering or governing, or of directing and controlling, a group of people or a
state.
 It is the proper and effective utilization of resources.
 It has “decentralization and relational management.”
 It is associated with the concept of decentralization of power and the need for intersectoral
management.
 In broad terms, governance is about the institutional environment in which citizens interact
among themselves and with government agencies/officials. (ADB, 2005)
 Institute on Governance defines it as the process whereby societies or organizations make
their important decisions, determine who has voice, who is engaged in the process and how
account is rendered. (IOG, 2006)
 It is the act or process of governing which focuses on the effectiveness of the executive branch
of government.
 Governance involves interaction between the formal institutions and those in civil society.

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 Governance refers to a process whereby elements in society wield power, authority and
influence and enact policies and decisions concerning public life and social upliftment.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF POLITICS TO GOVERNANCE:

1. Politics are how we feel about that process of governance- Governance transcends
government to encompass the business sector and the civil society. NEDA (2006)
2. Politics talks about governments, institutions, power, order, and the ideals of justice-
Governance is essentially related to politics, in that politics is often defined as the Art
of governance.
3. Politics is broader than governance- Governance is broader than government.
4. To study of politics is in essence to study government or more broadly, to study the
exercise of authority- Governance is based on the realization that the government
cannot do everything for the people, so that in order to survive the state should not
only rely on government but also on the other sectors of the society.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF POLITICS TO GOVERNMENT:

1. Politics talks about governments, institutions, power, order, and the ideals of justice-
Political scientists broadened the meaning of governance as including, not just
government’s actors, but also civil-society actors.
2. Politics is the art of government, the exercise of control within the society through the
making and enforcement of collective decisions. (Heywood 1997)- “Government” and
“governance” are interchangeably used, both denoting the exercise of authority in an
organization, institution or state.
3. The conception of politics and government move beyond the narrow realm of
government to what is thought as “public life” or “public affairs.”- Government can
therefore be seen as one of the institutions in governance; it is not possible to have
governance without government. (Heywood, 1997)

THE RELATIONSHIP OF GOVERNANCE TO GOVERNMENT:

1. Governance transcends government to encompass the business sector and the civil
society. NEDA (2006). While government can have a connotation of being interested
only in maintenance and in preserving peace and order, governance implies
leadership toward societal development.
2. Governance is essentially related to politics, in that politics is often defined as the Art
of governance- Political scientists broadened the meaning of governance as
including, not just government’s actors, but also civil-society actors.
3. Governance is broader than government- Government is almost always the main
actor in governance.
4. Governance is based on the realization that the government cannot do everything for
the people, so that in order to survive the state should not only rely on government
but also on the other sectors of the society- The main role of the public sector or
government is to provide an enabling environment for the other actors of governance
to participate and respond to the mandate of the common good.
5. Governance is especially important in the public sector or government because you’re
dealing with the public’s money, according to Adjunct Professor Nigel Phair GAICD,
the director of the Centre for Internet Safety at the University of Canberra-
“Government” and “governance” are interchangeably used, both denoting the
exercise of authority in an organization, institution or state.
6. Governance issues pertain to the ability of government to develop an efficient,
effective, and accountable public management process that is open to citizen
participation and that strengthens rather than weakens a democratic system of
government- Government can therefore be seen as one of the institutions in
governance; it is not possible to have governance without government. (Heywood,
1997).
7. Governance transcends government to encompass the business sector and the civil
society. NEDA (2006) - The exercise of authority is uppermost in government and
remains significance in governance but is no longer the single focus. (UNDP, 2005).

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IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT
POLITICS
You should know what is
going on around you and
have a say in what is going
on. For example, if a new law
is made in your area, you
might want to make sure that
you and the people around
you know that a new law has
been made so that no one
breaks the law without even
knowing it.
The political decisions people
make will affect many lives.
Every vote that you make will
either break people or make
people. Each vote
makes a difference in the
ways that we live.
You should care about
politics because the
decisions people make will
affect many lives. For
example, if someone wanted
to build on land, it might be
good for the people who
worked in the area, but
residents who lived nearby
and loved the land and relied
on the land for water and
food, might be devastated.
GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT
The people, most especially the Protect the people's natural rights.
citizens, will be aware of the What life would be like in a
need for good governance. situation where there was no
government and no laws. (John
Consequently, such awareness Locke, 1690, Two Treatises of Civil
should move them to action. Government)
For their continued Create rules
empowerment and sustainable
development, they have to know
how to fight for their rights by
knowing what to expect from
Philippine governance.
Thus, what will follow is an To protect people from conflicts
exposition of the basic concepts and to provide law and order.
of governance, the ideal type of
governance, and the status of
the
Philippines vis-à-vis the
indicators of good governance.
To preserve and strengthen Providing support to the most
stakeholder confidence. disadvantaged.
To provide the foundation for a Government responsibilities have
highperforming organization – extended to the economy and
the achievement of goals and public service.
sustainable success requires
input and support from all levels
of an organization.
To ensure the organization is To provide social programs to its
well placed to respond to a citizens.
changing external environment
–business today operates in an
environment of constant
change.
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 Provide the parameters for
everyday behavior for citizens,
protect them from outside
interference, and often provide for
their wellbeing and happiness.
Delivering basic services like
health and education.
Managing the economy in
uncertain economic times.
Making the big decisions for the
nations future.
Ensuring that all Filipinos benefit
from Philippines wealth

Reducing government spending so

money can be returned back to
taxpayers
.Investing in infrastructure including
road rail and broadband.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics, governance and government
(Quarter 1, Week 1)

DIRECTIONS

Let’s Start!
Hello learner, please sign the learning agreement before answering the different
activities. ENJOY!

LEARNING CONTRACT

AGREEMENT: I hereby accept the responsibility to finish the activity package and
submit it to my teacher (____________________) on (____________________).

_______________________________ _________________
Name of Student over Printed Name Date

HOW TO USE THIS MATERIAL?

1. Read and understand each part of the material.
2. You can open and browse the references below to help you in doing the activities.
3. Give more focus on the background information for learners. Follow the instructions. Ask the
assistance of your parent/s, guardian, sibling/s or anyone who can help you at home.
4. You are advice to do all the activities and submit it on time.
5. In case the internet connection is poor at your place, you can seek the help of your classmate
near you, to get all the instructions and copies of the material.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: Pick Me Up!
Study the image below. Then look for the terms/words that can be associated
with politics, governance, and government. List down your answers below.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: Count Me In!

Write the number on the space inside the box that links up to the description of
the concepts written below.

___ Central institution which

wields power over its __ doing governing
subjects.

__ Process by which
governance is done
__ Execution of power

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Guide Question:
1. How will you define the following?
A. Politics _____________________________________________________
B. Governance _________________________________________________
C. Government _________________________________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: Connect Me!

In your own understanding, explain the relationship of politics and government,
governance and government, and politics and governance. Write your answers on the
space provided.

POLITICS

GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: It’s Writing Time!
In a minimum of 100 and a maximum of 500 words, write an essay focusing on the
question, as a student, how can you prove that politics, governance, and
government are important? Write your answer on the space provided.

RUBRICS

Rubric for the activities except essay writing

SUPERIOR EXTRORDINARY CAPABLE SPECIFIED NEED TO DO

(20) (18) (15) (10) BETTER (9 and
below)
If the student If the student filled If the student filled If the student If the student filled out
filled out and out and answered out and answered filled out and and answered all the
answered all the activities but all the activities answered all the activities but got only
all the activities got only 90% of the but got only 80% activities but got 69% and below
correctly correct answer of the correct only 70% of the
answer correct answer

Rubric for Learning Activity 4: It’s Writing Time!

Points
Criteria 4 3 2 1 Earned
Introduction The The The Thesis
Statement/topic Statement/topic Statement/topic statement/topic
idea sentence is idea sentence is idea sentence is idea sentence is
clear, correctly either unclear or unclear and unclear and
placed, and incorrectly incorrectly incorrectly
restated in the placed, and it's placed. It's placed, and it's
closing sentence. restated in the restated in the not restated in
Your three closing sentence. closing sentence. the closing
supporting ideas Your three One of your sentence. Your
are briefly supporting ideas supporting ideas supporting ideas
mentioned. are briefly is briefly are not
mentioned. mentioned. mentioned.

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Supporting Each paragraph Each paragraph Each paragraph Paragraphs
Details has a topic has a topic has a topic have no
sentence and sentence and two sentence and supporting detail
three or more supporting detail one or two sentences that
supporting detail sentences that supporting detail relate back to
sentences that relate back to the sentences that the main idea.
relate back to the main idea. relate back to the Topic sentences
main idea. Specific main idea. No are unclear. No
Specific examples examples are specific examples are
are given. given. examples are given.
given.
Grammar No grammar Some minor Multiple grammar Major/multiple
errors Articles grammar errors errors Problems grammar errors.
correct Verb Problems with: with: Articles Problems with:
tenses correct Articles Verb
Subject/verb Articles Verb Verb tenses
tenses Subject/ Subject/verb tenses
agreement correct
Contractions and verb agreement agreement Subject/verb
idioms used Contractions and Contractions and agreement
when appropriate idioms idioms Contractions
and idioms
Spelling You have 0-1 You have 2-3 You have 4-5 Your spelling
misspellings. misspellings. spelling errors. errors are
numerous and
distract the
reader from your
message
Vocabulary/Word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word
Choice choice is choice is choice is choice is clearly
impressive. You impressive. All adequate, but limited, affecting
use some of the words are used could be written
target vocabulary appropriately. improved. More communication.
from the subunit. adjectives, Some words are
adverbs, and used
descriptive words inappropriately.
are needed.
Total Points 20 points possible

REFLECTION

I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I want to learn more _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 REFERENCES:

BOOKS:

Blume, Klaus (2018), Psychology and Political Science, University of Alberta

Combs, Ron (2018), California State University, San Bernardino
Durant, Eva (2018), Laboratory Technologist (Retired)
Keller, Larry PhD (2018), Government American University
Kjaer, AnneMette, (2004), “Governance,” Cambridge: Polity Press
Mortensen, Alexis (2016), The Importance of Politics
Ruff, Dale (2019),The Conection of Politics and Governance
Young, Randy (2018), The Political Spectrum: Freedom vs. Enslavement
Cvetic, Nicole, Al-Jamea, Sohail, Connors, Ben (2018) Retrieved from
https://www.centredaily.com/opinion/article69564172.html
Karlson, Adam (2018), Clavert Hall CollegeHigh School, Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-
connection-of-politics-and-governance

WEBSITES:
“Politics and Governance with Constitution”.
https://www.slideshare.net/zaizai27/politics-and-governance-with-constitutionrpc?next_slideshow=1
“What is Governance?”https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/what-isgovernance/
“Why Good Governance is important?”
https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/membership/membership-update/why-goodgovernance-is-important-in-
the-public-sector
“Good Governance”. https://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/governance-understand.html
www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm http://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-
content/uploads/2013/01/Module_I.pdf https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/manila-philippines-apr-12-2017-
people785462050

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

DENNIS JADE G. NUMERON CIELO O. OSORIO RAE ABNEE C. GARRIDO

Subject Teacher Faculty Asst. Principal/SHS Coordinator

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