ELECTION AND POLITICAL

PARTIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Philippine Politics and Governance

EVANGELINE A. CABAUATAN
Developer

Department of Education • Division of Baguio City

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ____________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE _________________________

i
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
# 82 Military Cut – off, Baguio City

Published by
Schools Division of Baguio City

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City . It can be reproduced for educational
purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including
creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted
provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work
may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

i
 ELECTION AND POLITICAL
PARTIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Philippine Politics and Governance

EVANGELINE A. CABAUATAN
Developer

Department of Education • Division of Baguio City

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ____________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE _________________________

i
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd, Schools Division of Baguio City

through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to improve students’ academic performance
specifically in Social Sciences.

Date of Development : October , 2020

Resource Location : DepEd, Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area : Social Sciences

Grade Level : Grade 12

Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q2/W13
Learning Competency/Code : Analyze the nature of elections and political
parties in the Philippines- HUMSS_PG12- IIc-d-9

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my gratitude to my Mom for her endless support despite the
distance, Eric and Alysha for serving as my inspiration in doing this module. I am so
thankful for their support that they have given me time and space to complete this
learning material for the holistic development of the learners.
Sir Felto P. Agpawa PhD. thank you all for your moral and technical support
in the crafting of this learning module. To my colleagues in the Senior High School
Joaquin Smith National High School for giving me moral support in crafting this
learning material. Also, to Ma.Theresa B. Dolipas of the Department of Social
Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences of Benguet State University for her
suggestions.
To Ma’am Marina Tabangcura , Education Supervisor for trusting me to do
this module for the welfare of our learners

Developer/ Author:
Evangeline A. Cabauatan

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Virginia C. Alindayo Asst.School Principal
Felto P. Agpawa Asst. School Principal
Lorma L.Ugay Master Teacher

Quality Assurance Team

Marina Tabangcura EPS – Social Sciences
Loida C. Mangangey EPS - LRMDS
Learning Resource Management Section Staff
Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID
SORAYA T. FACULO, PhD
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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 lOMoARcPSD|5425334

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT NOTICE …………………………………………….. i

PREFACE …………………………………………….. ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………….. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………5

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ………………………………………………6

WHAT’S IN ………………………………………………9

WHAT’S NEW ……………………………………………..10

WHAT IS IT ……………………………………………..11

WHAT’S MORE ……………………………………………..22

Activity 1 ……………………………………………..23

Activity 2 ……………………………………………..24

Activity 3 ……………………………………………..25

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ……………………………………………..26

WHAT I CAN DO ……………………………………………..27

ASSESSMENT ……………………………………………..28

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What I Need to Know

This resource material was developed as a resource material for
the Grade 12 students under Philippine Politics and Governance. This module will
help you analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines.
You may answer in this learning material to save paper and in that process helping
the environment too.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
what you already know about the lesson to take.
What I Know If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.
What’s In
In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced
to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
What’s New problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
What is It understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
What’s More topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
What I Have Learned what you learned from the lesson
This section provides an activity which will help
What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
Assessment mastery in achieving the learning competency.

WHAT I KNOW

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Instructions: Write the letter that corresponds to the answer on

the space provided before the number.

______ 1. Batas Pambansa 881 is entitled

a. The Omnibus Election Code of the Philippines
b. The electoral Reform Law
c. The Synchronize National and Local Elections
d. Automated election System

______ 2. To be a Commissioner of the commission on elections one must be

a member of the Philippine bar who have been
engaged in the practice of law for at least ten (10)
years - for Chairman and a majority of the
commissioners.
a. True
b. False
c. The law does not state any
d. The law is unclear in its provisions.

_____3. The citizenship requirement in the Local Government

Code is to be possessed by an elective official at the
latest as of the time he is proclaimed and at the start
of the term of office to which he has been elected.

a. True
b. False
c. The law does not state any
d. The law is unclear in its provisions

______ 4. The residency requirement of a Filipino who wants to run for

president is
a. 10 years
b. 20 years
c. 5 years
d. 1 year
______ 5. Maria is a 50 year old lawyer who desires to run for president, but
Mario her detractor and opponent questions her citizenship
because according to him Maria was adopted by American parents
and she grew in the States, Maria also married a Filipino who was
also an American Citizen. But when Maria was 35 she came back
to the Philippines and decided to reside in the Philippines. When
she was 40 her adoptive parents met an accident and she has to
attend to their funeral and so she decided to stay a little bit longer in
the states. At 45 she came back to the Philippines and renounced
her American citizenship to become a Filipino citizen. Can she run
for president?
a. Yes, because she stayed in the Philippines
b. No, because the 10 year period was not followed even if she came
home when she was 35, the residency requirement was disrupted

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when went back to America.

c. Yes because she is a Filipino anyway
d. No, Because she did not meet the 10 year period of residency
which is a requirement under the law

______ 6. During the pre colonial period our electorate system was based on
the _____________.
a. Choosing the most muscled person in the tribe
b. Kinship, Customs/Traditions, Favors and Unwritten laws
c. Chosen by the gods
d. Chosen by the people thru democratic voting.

______ 7. During the American colonization Filipinos were allowed to vote in

their own
a. capacity
b. interest
c. life status
d. popularity
______ 8. The EDSA revolution gave way to the reform of our electoral
system in the Philippines
a. True
b. False
c. The law does not state any
d. The law is unclear in its provisions
______ 9. The Commission that regulates the Elections in the Philippines is
the ___________.
a. Commission on Elections
b. Civil Service Commission
c. Commission on Appointments
d. The Local Government Code.

1. The Age of Majority when we talk about elections is

a. 18
b. 21
c. 15
d. 31

Directions: Match the vocabulary words on the left with the definition in the right.
Write the letter of your choice beside the number

______ 11. Controversy a. the position or status of being a

citizen of a country.
______ 12. Constituents b. a representative of the supreme
authority in an area.
______ 13. Citizenship c. a process of voting, in writing and
typically in secret.
______ 14. Commissioner d. being a voting member of a
community or organization and
having the power to appoint or

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elect.
______ 15. Ballot e.
disagreement, typically when
prolonged, public, and heated
arguments.

WHAT’S IN

noriswondiary.blogspot

What can you infer from the picture above?

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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WHAT’S NEW

To be a member of the local government you must be voted in by members of the community.
A local election is soon and you need to create yourself an election poster. Your poster needs to
have the following elements:

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News13.freespech.blogspot

WHAT IS IT?

Looking back at the past of our Philippine electorate system

The Philippine Elections through the years.

Pre-Colonial Philippines
No elections for ruling authorities before. The Government was based more on
intangibles such as Kinship, Customs/Traditions, Favors and Unwritten laws.
During the colonization of the Spaniards in colonizing the Philippines, Spain
effectively formalized and modernized government rule they were able to administer

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the colony effectively, the colonial government created pockets of

local authority across the country.
During the American colonization - American colonial rule set the foundation for
elections in the Philippines .Government institutions and the electoral system were
patterned after the American system ,Filipinos could run for public office in a limited
capacity.( Midwest Journal of Political ScienceVol. 13, No. 4 (Nov., 1969), pp. 567-586 )

The Philippine Political Party System

Before we go deeper to our discussion let us define a Political Party. A political Party
under the definition of Section 80 of the 1965 Election Code and Section 22 of the
1971 Election code is an organized group of persons pursuing the same political
ideals in a government and includes its branches and divisions.
Other social scientists have defined a political party as an organized group of
individuals seeking to seize power of government in order to control and run its
affairs and enjoy the benefit to be derived from it (Zulueta, F.M. (2003). Foundations
and Dynamics of Political Science. Manadaluyong City: Academic Pubishing
Corporation)
Zaide remarked that political parties have philosophy, vision and mission, goals and
objectives, administrative machinery, reources, talent, electoral strength, and
charisma of its candidates

A brief glance at the Political Party System of the Philippines.

During the American Colonial Rule –There was an Initial dominance of the Federal
Party advocating Philippine statehood within the United States , there was also a
Rise and subsequent preponderance of the Nacionalista Party Coalition of different
groups advocating Philippine independence.
During the Post-War Period –There was a split of the Liberal Party from the
Nacionalista Party which was encouraged by the Americans to avoid single-party
hegemony, over time, the distinction between the two became blurred because of
the growing importance of political personalities.
Came the Martial Law period, there was a Clampdown on political institutions which
gave rise to the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) as the dominant political party,
eventually came the emergence of regional political parties. Then came the EDSA
revolution which gave rise to the change of the 1973 Constitution and subsequently
the rules of law that gave way to the reform of our electorate system in the country.
After the 1986 EDSA revolution, the 1987 Freedom Constitution came in
which gave way to the one of the most important Constitutional Commission, the
Commission on Elections and it also gave way to the reform of the election process
in our country.

Now, here are the basic objectives of our Election Laws

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Objectives of election laws

1. To banish the spectra of revenge from the minds of
the timid or defenseless
2. To render precarious and uncertain the bartering of votes
3. To secure a fair and honest count of the ballots cast

At the same time these are the Republic Acts that composes the
Election laws and political parties of the Philippines.
1. Batas Pambansa Blg. 881The Omnibus Election Code of the
Philippines
2. Republic Act. No. 6646The Electoral Reform Law of 1987
3. Republic Act No. 7166 Synchronized National and Local Elections
4. Republic Act No. 7941 Party-List Systems Act
5. Republic Act No. 8346 Automated Election System
6. Republic Act No. 8189 Voter’s Registration Act of 1996
7. Republic Act No. 9006 Fair Election Act
8. Republic Act No. 9189 Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003

Election The listing of votes, the holding of electoral campaign, the

act of casting and receiving the ballots from the voters,
counting them, making the election returns, and
proclaiming the winning candidate

Regular election An election participated in by those who possess the right

of suffrage, are not otherwise disqualified by law, and who
are registered voters

Special election An election held when there is a failure of election on the

scheduled date of regular election in a particular place or
which is conducted to fill up certain vacancies, as provided
by law

THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

Composition Chairman and six (6) commissioners, each with a term
of seven years and without reappointment
Qualification of 1. Natural-born citizens of the Philippines
Commissioners 2. At least 35 years of age at the time of their appointment
3. Holders of a college degree
4. Must not have been candidates for any elective
position in the immediately preceding elections
5. Members of the Philippine bar who have been
engaged in the practice of law for at least ten (10)
years - for Chairman and a majority of the
commissioners
Powers and Executive function
functions 1. Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative
to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative,
referendum and recall
2. Exercise direct and immediate supervision and control

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over election officials.

Deputize, with the concurrence
of the President, law enforcement agencies and
instrumentalities of the Government, including the
Armed
Forces of the Philippines, for the exclusive purpose of
ensuring free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible
elections

3. Register, after sufficient publication, political parties,

organizations, or coalitions which, in addition, to other
requirements, must present their platform or program
and government; and accredit citizens’ arms of the
Commission on Elections
4. Recommend to the Congress effective measures to
minimize election spending, including limitation of
place where propaganda materials shall be posted,
and to prevent and penalize all forms of election
frauds, offenses, malpractices and nuisance
candidates

5. Recommend administrative disciplinary actions.

Recommend to the President the removal of any officer
or
employee it has deputized, or the imposition of any
other
disciplinary action, for violation or disregard of, or
disobedience to its directive, order, or decision

6. Submit to the President and the Congress a

comprehensive report on the conduct of each
elections,
plebiscite, initiative, referendum, or recall

7. Act as board of canvassers for senators (section 2,

EO 144)

Quasi-judicial function
1. Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all
contests relating to the elections, returns, and
qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and city
officials, and appellate jurisdiction over all contests
involving elective municipal officials decided by the RTC,
or involving elective barangay officials decided by the
MTC

2. Decide, except those involving the right to vote, all

questions affecting elections, including determination of
the number and location of polling place, appointment of
election officials and inspectors, and registration of voters

3. File, upon a verified complaint, or on its own

initiative, petitions in court for inclusion or exclusion of
voters, investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute

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cases of violations of election

laws, including acts or omissions
constituting election frauds, offenses and malpractices
Jurisdiction of  Election cases, including pre-proclamation
COMELEC in controversies, shall be heard and decided by divisions
division, en banc provided that motions for reconsideration of decisions
shall be decided by the Commission en banc

 Any decision by the Commission en banc as

regards election cases decided by it in the first
instance is null and void, EXCEPT in the following
cases:

1. When what is involved in the case is purely

administrative, and not quasi-judicial in
nature
2. When the required number of votes to reach a
decision, resolution, order or ruling is not obtained
in the division
3. When the petitioner invoked the jurisdiction of the
COMELEC en banc, participated in its proceedings
and sought reliefs therefrom, in which case he is
stopped to subsequently question the jurisdiction of
the COMELEC en banc
4. In petitions for postponement, declaration of failure
of election and the calling of special elections
5. In the prosecution of election cases, when it
conducts preliminary investigation, decides
whether or not there exists a probable cause and
files the corresponding information in court
Measures to ensure 1. The Chairman and Commissioners are given fixed
independence terms, without reappointment
2. Their salaries shall not be decreased during
their continuance in office

3. They shall not, during their tenure in office, engage in

practice of any profession or in the management of
any business, or be financially interested directly or
indirectly in any contract with, or in any franchise or
privilege granted by, the Government, or any
subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof,
including government-owned or controlled corporations

4. They can only be removed from office on

impeachment for and conviction of, culpable violation
of the Constitution, treason, bribery, other high crimes,
or graft and corruption
Others
5. No pardon, amnesty, parole, or suspension of sentence
for violation of election law, rules and regulations shall
be granted by the President without the favorable
recommendation of the Commission

6. Funds certified by the Commission as necessary to

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defray for holding regular and

special elections, plebiscites,
initiatives, referenda, and recalls, shall be provided in
the regular or special appropriations and, once
approved, shall be released automatically upon
certification by the Chairman of the Commission
Election period Commences 90 days before the day of election and shall
end 30 days thereafter

Examples of  Whether or not a candidate is entitled to use a particular

quasi- judicial nickname and whether or not votes for such candidates
issues under his nickname
 Resolution of adverse claims of the opposing political
parties
Examples of  Questions concerning the COMELEC’s choice of an
administrative appointee to occupy a position
issues  Correction of errors in the tabulation or tally of results
by the board of canvassers
 Correction of manifest errors by the board of
canvassers
 The registration of voters
 Questions whether elections have been held or whether
certain returns were falsified or manufactured and
therefore should be excluded from the canvass

Note: or more of imprisonment, within two (2) years after

serving sentence
Applicable for 2. Those removed from office as a result of
administrative case
local elective 3. Those convicted by final judgement for violating
the oath of allegiance to the Republic
positions 4. Those with dual citizenship
5. Fugitives from justice in criminal or non political
cases here or abroad
6. Permanent residents in a foreign country or those
who have acquired the right to reside abroad and
continue to avail of the same right after the
effectivity of the Code
7. The insane or feeble-minded
Grounds for Section 68, Omnibus Election Code
disqualification 1. Any candidate who is declared by final
decision of a competent court guilty, or found
Note: by the Commission of:
COMELEC a. Given money or other material consideration
jurisdiction to to influence, induce or corrupt the voters or
disqualify public officials performing electoral functions
candidates for b. Committed acts of terrorism to enhance
the commission his candidacy
of election c. Spent in his election campaign an
offenses is amount in excess of that allowed by the
limited to those Code

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enumerated d. Solicited, received or

under section made any contribution
68. All other prohibited under sections 89, 95, 96, 97
election and 104
offenses are e. Violated any of sections 80 (election
beyond the campaign or political activity outside
ambit of campaign period), 83 (removal, destruction
COMELEC or defacement of lawful election
jurisdiction propaganda),
85 (prohibited forms of election
propaganda; repealed by
R.A. No. 9006),
86 (regulation of election
propaganda through mass media) and
261 paragraphs d (coercion of
subordinates),
e(threats, intimidation, terrorism, use of
fraudulent device or other forms of
coercion),
k (unlawful electioneering), v (release,
disbursement or expenditure of public
funds), and cc, sub-paragraph 6 (solicitation
of votes or undertaking any propaganda on
the day of the election)
2. Any person who is permanent resident of or on immigrant to
a foreign country, unless he has waived his status as such
in accordance with the residence requirement provided for
in election laws.
Section 12, Omnibus Election Code
Any person who:
1. Has been declared insane or incompetent by a
competent authority;
2. Has been sentenced by final judgement for
subversion, insurrection, rebellion;
3. Has been convicted by final judgement of any
offense
for which the penalty is more than 18 months; and
4. Has been convicted by final judgement of a
crime involving moral turpitude

Others
Any person who has been convicted of other
crimes which carries the penalty of
disqualification from being a voter or from
holding public office
Dual citizenship Status of a person who is a citizen of two or more
countries at the same time. It arises when, as a result
of concurrent application of the different laws of two or
more states, a person is simultaneously considered a
national by the said states

Example:
1. Those born of Filipino fathers and/or mothers in
foreign countries which follow the principle of jus

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soli;
2. Those born in the Philippines
of Filipino mothers and alien fathers if by the laws
of their fathers’ country such children are citizens
of that country; and
3. Those who marry aliens if by the law of the latter’s
country the former are considered citizens, unless
by their act or omission they are deemed to have
renounced Philippine citizenship
Requisites for 1. Residence or bodily presence in the new locality
change or 2. An intention to remain there
residence 3. An intention to abandon the old domicile

3. Criminal a. Vote buying and vote selling

prosecution b. Conspiracy to bribe voters
for election c. Wagering upon result of election
offense d. Coercion of subordinates
against the e. Threats, intimidation, terrorism, use of fraudulent
winner device or other forms of coercion
f. Coercion of election officials and employees
g. Appointment of new employees, creation of new
position, promotion or giving of salary increases
h. Transfer of officers and employees in the civil service
i. Intervention of public officers and employees
j. Undue influence
k. Unlawful electioneering
l. Prohibition against dismissal of employees,
laborers, or tenants
m. Appointment or use of special policemen, special
agents, confidential agents or the like
n. Illegal release of prisoners before and after election
o. Use of public funds, money deposited in
trust, equipment, facilities owned or
controlled by the government for an
election campaign
p. Deadly weapons
q. Carrying firearms outside residence or place of
business
r. Use of land, water or air craft
s. Wearing of uniforms and bearing arms
t. Policemen and provincial guards acting as
bodyguards or security guards
u. Organization or maintenance of reaction forces,
strike forces, or other similar forces
v. Prohibition against release, disbursement or
expenditure of public funds
w. Prohibition against construction of public works,
delivery of materials for public works and issuance
of treasury warrants and similar devices
x. Suspension of elective provincial, city,
municipal or barangay officer
y. On registration of voters
z. On voting

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aa. Common to all boards of

election inspectors or boards
of canvassers
On candidacy and campaign
Other prohibitions
Notes  COMELEC is vested with exclusive authority to
conduct preliminary investigation and prosecution
of election offenses before the competent court

How freely are parties able to form, recruit members, and engage with the
public?
The Philippine party system is enabled by the 1987 Constitution, the Omnibus
Election Code, and the Party-List Law. The Constitution, through the Party-List Law,
allows marginalized sectors and groups to have a genuine voice and comprise up to
20% of the House of Representatives. This gives citizens the option to participate in
policy making process bypassing the established political forces. However, the
Party-List Law also restricts party representation and empowerment. The definition
of an eligible party or organization is vague: the three-representatives-per-party limit
in spite of the percentage of votes attained, seriously misrepresents political support;
and the use of a 2% vote threshold for access to seats provides incentives for fierce
antagonism between parties, as disqualification of one organization from the party
list increases the possibilities for other groups to increase their participation. On the
other hand, the Omnibus Election Code does not appear to strengthen the
accountability and transparency of political parties and their candidates, as the
implementation of adequate legal provisions has not been effective. Moreover, the
Code allows for representatives to switch party affiliation or run as guest candidates
of other parties. This undermines any possible party identity and cohesion, and
negatively affects the consolidation of democracy in the Philippines.

How effective is the party system in forming and sustaining governments in

office?

In general, parties are formed as matter of convenience and necessity, for the
purposes of vote maximization. Members of Congress often switch party allegiances
favoring the President-elect, giving the latter effective majority control over the
legislature. In exchange, the president dispenses political appointments and pork
barrels funds to those representatives. Political parties become the mechanisms that
render and sustain this exchange, consolidating elite power structures and
patronage-oriented relations. Class, gender, sectoral or local interests are not
articulated by party leaders unless required to attain and secure votes. Moreover,

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party platforms are conceived and launched by candidates

themselves, who use their programs to accommodate demands
and interests of their constituencies. When major party caucuses are effectively held,
and program or policy resolutions are taken, party members in Congress are not
compelled to support them. On the other hand, “all-party caucuses” are held in the
House of Representatives, which dilutes even further the importance of party
organization. National candidates are selected by party leaders, although
endorsement by mass media personalities has gained currency, and access to mass
media increasingly determines success in elections.

WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1
Write an Acrostic Poem Using the word ELECTION.

E-

L-

E-

C-

T-

I-

O-

N-

Activity 2
What are the disqualifications of a candidate under the Omnibus election code of the
Philippines. Present your answer through a graphic organizer

Start

20 Philippine Politics and Governance

Disqualification of a
candidate
 lOMoARcPSD|5425334

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

After learning concepts from this of module, answer the “EXIT CARD” and
write down your thoughts on the blanks.

Exit Card – 3 Thoughts that you have learned today

2 Things that you want to remember
1 Question you still have in mind

3 Thoughts I have learned…

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

2 Things I want to remember…

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

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1 Question I have in mind…

___________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO
The 2022 elections is just around the corner. Your task is to make a Poster Slogan
for a peaceful election.
The Rubric is given below to guide you in making your own poster campaign.
Instructions
1. In a landscape form, margin your bond paper ½ inch in all sides (Long Bond
Paper)
2. Write your name on the topmost part of your paper , and your strand.
3. Make a catchy, appealing and informative slogan for a peaceful election.

5 4 3
Content Ideas may include Ideas include clear Ideas may include
clear and very and satisfactory clear very little
satisfactory information about information about
information about the topic given the topic given
the topic given
Organization The inputs are well The inputs are The inputs are
organized arranged and organized to a
organized to a large limited extent
extent
Following The output is well The out put is The output is
Instructions and prepared according prepared according prepared according
Neatness to the instructions . to the instructions to to the instructions to
The output is free a large extent. There a limited extent.
from erasure. are few erasures. There are a lot of
erasures.
Creativity The output is The output is The output is
creative, well creative, well creative, well
prepared and prepared and prepared and
appealing appealing to a large appealing to a
extent. limited extent.

22 Philippine Politics and Governance

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ASSESSMENT
Write the chosen letter beside the number.

_______1. The Philippine party system, the Omnibus Election Code and the Party List
law is enabled by what Constitution.
a. 1935
b. 1986
c. 1973
d. 1987

______ 2. The electoral system were patterned after the system of

a. The Spanish Electoral System

b. The American Electoral System
c. The Japanese Electoral System
d. None of these

______ 3.Manny is a resident of Baguio City, he will be turning 40 on May 11, 2022.
Under the Constitutions, an eligible person can only run for presidency when
he is at least 40 years old. Can Manny run for presidency in 2022

a. Yes because he is 40 on May 11, 2022

b. No because he is still 39
c. Yes because he is a resident of Baguio City despite his age
d. No because the Constitution is unclear in its provision.

_______ 4. Citizenship is most important to determine if a person can run for public
office or not. Analyze the case below and choose the correct answer.
Pedro is an action star born in 1935 from an illegal relationship. His
Father is a Filipino while his mother is an American. During that time the
Constitution recognizes babies who were born in 1935 were given the privilege
to be American citizens when they reach the age of majority. Pedro upon
reaching the age of majority did not elect his citizenship. When he reached 40
years old he decided to run for public office. Can he run for public office
considering he did not elect his citizenship upon reaching the age of
majority.

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a. Yes, Pedro can run for public office because he is a Filipino

citizen
b. No, because he was born in a different constitution
c. Yes, since he did not elect his citizenship upon reaching the age of majority he is
considered a Filipino citizen.
d. None of the answers.

_____ 5. Mario was convicted by final judgment of rape by the criminal courts in the
Philippines. After 10 years the president gave him an absolute pardon
Can he run for public office?
a. No, because rape entails moral turpitude, meaning the morality is being
questioned.
b. Yes because he was given an absolute pardon by the President.
c. No because he is still considered a criminal
d. Yes because absolute pardon means going back to the original status.

_____ 6.What period in history did the Liberal party and the Nationalista party parted

a. American Period
b. Post War-Period
c. Martial Law Period
d. Spanish Period

Give what is being asked

_____ 7-10 Give three objectives of election laws.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Directions: Match the vocabulary words on the left with the definition in the right.
Write the letter of your answer beside the number.

______ 11. Election a. a voting system used with

proportional representation, in
which people vote for a party
rather than a candidate. Each
party is assigned a number of
seats that reflects its share of the
vote.
______ 12. Age of Majority b. a representative of the supreme
authority in an area.
______ 13. Citizenship c. the position or status of being a
citizen of a particular country.
______ 14. Commissioner d. a formal and organized choice by
vote of a person for a political
office or other position.
______ 15. Party List e. The threshold of adulthood

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ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

I DRAW, IT SPEAKS

Instruction: Draw your own caricature why your voice

count during the election of our political leaders.

http://roneilspeaks.blogspot.com/

5 4 3
Content Ideas may include Ideas include clear Ideas may include
clear and very and satisfactory clear very little
satisfactory information about information about
information about the topic given the topic given
the topic given
Organization The inputs are well The inputs are The inputs are
organized and arranged and organized to a
complete. organized to a large limited extent
extent
Following The output is well The out put is The output is
Instructions and prepared according prepared according prepared according
Neatness to the instructions . to the instructions to to the instructions to
The output is free a large extent. There a limited extent.
from erasure. are few erasures. There are a lot of
erasures.

25 Philippine Politics and Governance

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Creativity The output is The output is

creative, well creative, well
prepared and prepared and
appealing appealing to a large The output is
extent. creative, well
prepared and
appealing to a
limited extent.

ANSWER KEY

Post Assessment

1.d 6.b
1 a 6. b
2.b 7. Check
2.a 7. a objectives in the
3.a 8. a module.
4 a .9 a 3.a 8.
5.b 10. a 4.c 9.
11. e 5.a 10.
11.d
12. d
12.e
13. a
26 14.Philippine Politics and Governance13.c
b 14. b
15. c 15.a
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Assessment

REFERENCES
Renan E. Ramos, 2016, Philippine Politics and Governance, Rex Publishing
Nachura, Antonio E.B, Outline Reviewer in Political Law 2019 ed., Vj Graphics Art
Inc.
Morada, Noel M.et al. 2018, Philippine Politics and Governance, University of the
Philippines, UP publishing

https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Powerpoint-T.-
Rivera.pdf

https://www.chanrobles.com/electioncodeofthephilippines.htm#.X-P6hNgzbIU

https://www.set.gov.ph/resources/election-law/republic-act-no-8436/

27 Philippine Politics and Governance