PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE (QUARTER 2- MODULE 11- WEEK 7)

CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

LESSON 2. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
What’s in Activity 1. Let’s Review! Complete the statement. In the previous lesson.
I learned that_________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
What’s New Activity 2. Guess What?

What is it
What is social movement?
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one.
This may be to carry out, resist or undo a social change. It is a type of group action and may involve individuals, organizations or both.
Social movements have been described as "organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to
mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites”. They represent a method of social change from the
bottom within nations.
Social Movements in the Philippines Spanish Period to 1896 Philippine Revolution
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines resulted to socioeconomic inequalities that existed
between the landed and the landless. Spain’s biased arrangements and policies resulted to
peasant’s agitation. A new type of resistance had emerged during the 18th century in the form of
priest-led revolts and millenarian movements to address people’s problems. Another movement
emerged through the principalia class who demanded for greater social recognition which also meant
political power. Aside from this movements, the ilustrados- which includes the entrepreneurial class
and the landed elites wanted to create a Filipino identity. Another group is the Katipunan, an
underground movement that was revolutionary, mass-based and armed. This movement was known
as the 1896 Philippine Revolution which marks the end of Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
The American Occupation
American rule worsened the socioeconomic inequalities in the Philippines. Because of the wide disparity between the rich and the poor,
there transpired resistances to the American rule similar to those during the Spanish period. Socialism was one of the most popular
contexts of movements during this time. Pedro Abad Santos’s Socialist Party in 1929 attracted tenant farmers, farmer laborers, and
urban workers that led to the emergence of several organizations.
The Japanese Occupation and Post-independence Period
The strong influence of the socialist/communist movements led to the establishment of the Hukbalahap (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa
Hapon) in March 1942. This group had been attempting to address social issues in the Philippine society.
The Martial Law Period
The continuing upheavals and resistance led President Ferdinand Marcos to declare Martial Law to put
a temporary halt to any forms of activism. The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) has strong
resistance on the Marcos administration. The issues on ethnicity and religion served as the bases of
the group’s mobilization.
During the Martial Law, military repression and restriction of political and civil rights furthered the
democratic struggle of the Filipinos. This led to the growth of social movements and of their mass
base.

Post-1986 Period
Poverty, underdevelopment, social injustice, and socioeconomic inequalities led to the persistence of social movements in the
Philippines after Marcos regime. This time, these issues were put into the context of democratization and return to constitutionalism.
For the first time since 1946, the independent left (leftist forces) which includes social democrats, democratic socialist,
environmentalists, left-leaning nationalists, and religious activist participated in the electoral politics. Thus, electoral politics was seen as
an avenue for the participation and intervention of social movements in government’s policy making. Social movements during this time
targeted as beneficiaries the vulnerable and marginalized groups in the society, which includes, women, peasants, and workers.
What’s More Activity 3.
Let’s Think!
Based from your understanding of the text you have read above, what are the common/unifying grounds for these movements in the
different periods of the Philippines?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned Activity 4. Let’s Reflect
1.Are social movements necessary for the democratization of the Philippines? Why or why not.____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think propels an individual to join a social movement for certain causes?___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do Activity 5.
Picture Analysis Compare and Contrast the two pictures below.

Guide Questions
1. What have you observe in the pictures
above?

_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Which picture/scenario do you think is more effective in airing out their concerns to the Philippine government? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. What are the things that you have learned from the pictures and how will you apply these learnings to you as a student?_________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Post Assessment
Direction: Direction: Write T if the statement is TRUE and Write F if the statement is FALSE. Please do write your answer on the given
space before each number.
___1. Civil society organizations are government-controlled, nonprofit, and voluntary organizations.
___2. Social movements are organized group of people who wants to achieve a particular goal, whether social or political.
___3. The Katipunan was a revolutionary movement that marks the end of Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
___4. Social accountability prizes transparency and honesty that makes sure everyone--from the government officials to the local
school children follows the same rule.
___5. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation focuses its campaign on worldwide issues such as climate change.
___6.In 1942, HUKBALAHAP was established to address social issues in the Philippine society during the American occupation.
___7. Civil society give voice to the disorganized, voiceless segments of the society.
___8. Social movements main goal is to disturb the government through violent upheavals.
___9.Social movements are not necessary for the democratization of the Philippines.
___10. Philippine Red Cross is a CSO committed to deliver services such as, national blood services, disaster management, safety,
health, welfare services, and Red cross youth.